Induction Effect and Genetic Analysis of NG to Thallus of Porphyra

The young thalli of Porphyra yezoensis and P. haitanensis are induced by N-Methy-N‘-Nitro-N-Nitrosoguanidine (NG), a strong mutagen to induce the mutant of chromatophore. It is showed that no mutants have been investigated in all control groups,while in the induced groups, it is easy to find mutant cells or mutant cell masses in the thallus.The pigmentation mutants may be the result of NG inducement. The mutant rate increases obviously with the mutagen concentration or by prolonging the induction time. Within the scope of experiment, the inducement effects of Porphyra yezoensis are raised from 11.2% to 28.7%, and those of P. haitanensis from 10.1% to 20.2%. According to our experiments, the amount of mutant cells in the same area does not increase with the induction intensity The amount of mutant cells in every group of inducement of both species of Porphyra changes very little with the fixed fields check method. The lowest dose (25μg/mL) of this experiment has a high mutant rate. The mutant rate shows the percentage of mutant cells in all the survived cells, while the amount of mutant cells reflects the effect of inducement. Thus the optimum induction concentration of NG is 25μg/mL, and the optimum induction time is 30minutes.     

非均匀风场作用下太湖风成流风涌水的数值模拟及验证

本文采用浅水波方程数值模式，考察太湖局地风场的影响，模拟了太湖风成流，风涌水的变化情况，模拟结果与实测值符合较好，另外，将实测风场资料代入模式计算，结果表明，模拟对风涌水有较好的预报能力，流向流速的计算值与实测值在态势上较为一致。     

赤道太平洋西部的上层环流

讨论了赤道太平洋西部的上层海洋环流、结果表明：（１）棉兰老涡气旋式环流随着深度的增加而减小。由于埃克曼抽吸作用，它是一个低盐冷涡；（２）对棉兰老岛—巴布亚新几内亚岛之间穿越流的观测表明：该断而北部（５°—６°Ｎ）的Ｓ向流是棉兰老海流的Ｓ向延伸；Ｗ向的巴布亚新几内亚沿岸潜流可达该断而的东南部门（２°Ｎ一２°Ｓ）；北赤道逆流则在两者之间沿表层的盐度锋作Ｅ向流动。据此，赤道太平洋西部次表层盐度分布状况可得到圆满解释。关键词：     

论合理开发利用舞阳铁矿的几个问题

舞阳铁矿系指位于河南省平顶山市所辖舞钢市区内含铁矿大小共计１２处的一群铁矿区,总储量占河南省铁矿探明储量的５３％,主要有铁山（含铁古坑、铁山庙）、八台（含赵案庄、王道行）及经山寺等大、中型铁矿区。矿床类型主要为沉积变质型,次为岩浆型;区内铁矿品位不高,主要矿物为磁铁矿及部分赤铁矿。在阐述资源概况及建矿历程的基础上,对如何合理开发利用舞阳铁矿,重点就矿区的规划,红矿的利用,磷、铀的综合利用,矿产开发对环境的影响,以及矿山开发管理等问题进行了较为详细的论述,提出了相应的对策建议     

不同潮时对厦门湾水体中234Th/238U不平衡的影响

厦门海水体中^234Th/^238U不平衡的时间序列数据表明，无论是溶解态、颗粒态^234Th还是总^234Th,相对于母体^238U均严重亏损，呈现出与开阔大洋水明显不同的特征。溶解态、颗粒态^234Th的停留时间介于0．5－41d之间，其中低潮时停留时间比高潮时小2－4倍，证实近岸海域具有强烈的清除、迁出作用，且潮汐变化对海域颗粒动力学特征有重要影响。^234Th停留时间与总悬浮颗粒物浓度（TSM）、Ch1.α的关系则表明，近岸海域元素的清除、迁出作用主要受陆源颗粒物输送的影响，与生物活动关系并不密切。此外，非稳态与稳态清除模型结果的对比证明，稳态模型对于具有强烈清除、迁出作用的近岸海域是适用的。     

紫菜无性系特异SCAR标记的获得

紫菜为我国重要的大型经济海藻,在开发利用紫菜种质资源的过程中,种质混杂问题,长期以来一直是困扰其应用的严重问题.分子标记技术,如RAPD技术、AFLP技术、SSR技术克服了传统的形态分类学方法的诸多缺点,已经广泛应用于农作物的种质资源鉴定中[1-5].但是在海藻种质鉴定中的应用刚刚起步[6].     

Experimental study of entrainment behavior of debris flow over channel inflexion points

On-spot observation and field reconnaissance of debris flows have revealed that inflexion points in the longitudinal profile of a movable channel may easily become unstable points that significantly affect their entrainment behavior. In this study, small-scale flume experiments were performed to investigate the entrainment characteristics of debris flows over two types of inflexion points, namely, a convex point, which has an upslope gradient that is less than the downslope gradient; and a concave point, which has an upslope gradient that is greater than the downslope gradient. It was observed that when debris flowed over a convex point, the entrainment developed gradually and progressively from the convex point in the downstream direction, and the primary control factors were the slope gradient and friction angle. Conversely, when debris flowed over a concave point, the entrainment was characterized by impacting and impinging erosion rather than traditional hydraulic erosion, and the impingement angle of the flow significantly determined the maximum erosion depth and outflow exit angle. An empirical relationship between the topography change and the control factors was obtained from the experimental data.     

Hydrological effects of alpine permafrost in the headwaters of the Urumqi River, Tianshan Mountains

Against the background of climate change, alpine permafrost active layers have shown a gradual thickening trend and the hydrothermal conditions have undergone significant changes in the Tianshan Mountains and the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, China. At the ice-free cirque basins in the headwaters of the Urumqi River(hereafter referred to as the Ice-Free Cirque) in eastern Tianshan, China, the hydrological effects of the alpine permafrost active layers appear to have also exhibited significant changes recently. The increasing trend of local precipitation is clear in May and June. The onset of winter and spring snowmelt runoff clearly lags behind increases of air temperature, and the runoff peak appears near the beginning of the melting season, which results in the spring runoff increasing. In summer, runoff decreases strongly and the maximum runoff occurs earlier. In our analysis of meteorological and hydrologic data from 1959 to 2010, the runoff and precipitation changes are significantly correlated. In the initial stage of runoff, the runoff-producing process is mainly under the control of the soil water content and soil temperature in the 0–30 cm active layers. Spring precipitation and snowmelt water are mainly involved in the processes of infiltration and evaporation while some melt water infiltrates into the seasonal thawed layer and stays above the frozen layers. During the strong ablation period in summer, the runoff-generating process is mainly controlled by soil water content in the active layers deeper than 60 cm. In the active layer, precipitation and seasonal snowmelt water infiltrates, migrates, collects, and then forms runoff.     

The impacts of climate change on hydrology in a typical glacier region—A case study in Hailuo Creek watershed of Mt. Gongga in China

The glaciers of the Hengduan Mountains play an important role in the hydrology processes of this region. In this study, the HBV Light model, which relies on a degree-day model to simulate glacier melting, was employed to simulate both glacier runoff and total runoff. The daily temperature and precipitation at the Hailuo Creek No. 1 Glacier from 1952 to 2009 were obtained from daily meteorological observed data at the glacier and from six national meteorological stations near the Hailuo Creek Basin. The daily air temperature, precipitation, runoff depth, and monthly potential evaporation in 1995, 1996, and 2002 were used to obtain a set of optimal parameters, and the annual total runoff and glacier runoff of the Hailuo Creek Glacier(1952–2009) were calculated using the HBV Light model. Results showed the average annual runoff in the Hailuo Creek Basin was 2,114 mm from 1952 to 2009, of which glacial melting accounted for about 1,078 mm. The river runoff in the Hailuo Creek catchment increased as a result of increased glacier runoff. Glacier runoff accounted for 51.1% of the Hailuo Creek stream flow in 1994 and increased to 72.6% in 2006. About 95% of the increased stream flow derived from the increased glacier runoff.     

沿海滩涂围垦区土壤质量演变研究——以江苏省如东县为例

对江苏省如东县不同年限的滩涂围垦区和光滩土壤样品进行分析,运用SPSS软件对垦区间土壤指标进行单因素方差分析和差异显著性检验,采用土壤质量综合指数法进行土壤质量评价,引入土壤质量障碍因子诊断模型分析关键改良因子。结果表明：滩涂围垦60 a来,研究区土壤质量随围垦时间变化轨迹为“急剧提高—相对稳定—持续提高”。围垦前10 a土壤质量急剧提高,土壤质量指数（SQI）由0.19增至0.37,年均增长11.84%,垦区差异显著;围垦10~30 aSQI由0.37增至0.42,年均增长0.54%,围垦30~40 aSQI由0.42增至0.45,年均增长0.71%,垦区差异不明显,因此围垦30 a左右土壤质量处于相对稳定状态;围垦40~60 a土壤质量持续提升,SQI由0.45增至0.56,年均增长1.22%,垦区差异显著。土壤质量的障碍因子分析显示较低的TOC、TN和粒含量是土壤质量的主要限制因子,且与pH、盐分显著负相关,因此盐碱度降低是研究区土壤质量提升的根本原因,肥力提高以及土壤质地的改善是土壤质量进一步提升的关键。