n-alkane distribution coupled with organic carbon isotope composition in the shell bar section, Qarhan paleolake, Qaidam basin, NE Tibetan Plateau

Lipids extracted from lacustrine deposits in the paleolake Qarhan of the Qaidam basin in the northeastern Tibetan Plateau were determined by conventional gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Several series of biomarkers were identified, mainly including n-alkanes, n-alkan-2-ones, n-alkanoic acids, branched alkanes, triterpenoids and steroids, indicative of various biogenic contributions. On the basis of cluster analysis, the n-C₁₅, n-C₁₇, n-C₁₉ alkanes were proposed to be derived from algae and/or photosynthetic bacteria, the n-C₂₁, n-C₂₃, n-C₂₅ homologues from aquatic plants, and the n-C₂₉, n-C₃₁ homologues from vascular plants. In contrast, the n-C₂₇ alkane is not categorized in the n-C₂₉ and n-C₃₁ group of alkanes, probably due to more complex origins including both aquatic and vascular plants, and/or differential biodegradation. Stratigraphically, layers-2, 4 and 5 were found to show a close relationship in n-alkane distribution, associated with a positive shift in carbon isotope composition of bulk organic matter (δ¹³C_org), inferring a cold/dry period. Layers-1 and 6 were clustered together in association with a negative δ¹³C_org, excursion, probably indicating a relatively warm/humid climate. The potential coupling between the n-alkane distributions and δ¹³C_org, suggests a consequence of vegetation change in response to climate change, with the late MIS3 being shown to be unstable, thought to be the climatic optimum in the Tibetan Plateau. Our results suggest that the cluster analysis used in this study probably provides an effective and authentic method to investigate the n-alkane distribution in paleolake sediments.     

DJ型单动双管取心器的改进与应用

针对传统的单动双管取心器存在的内外管同心度差、轴承容易损坏、没有滤浆沉砂装置、双管间隙容易堵塞、取心效率低等问题,研制出DJ型单动双管取心器。该取心器主要由滤浆沉砂装置、密封单动装置、内管（半合管）调节组件和卡心装置组成,具有同心度高、密封性好、滤液及水路设计合理、取心管长度大、可减少钻进回次、提高取心效率等特点。现场应用表明：该取心器取心效果好,使用寿命是传统取心器的2倍以上。     

珠江三角洲地区地下水污染调查内容综述

地下水污染问题得到我国政府的高度重视,珠江三角洲地区地下水污染调查评价于2005年展开实施,简要综述该区地下水污染调查内容,主要包括：污染源调查、地下水污染现状调查、水土测试指标的选取以及采样点的控制等。     

大荔遗址磁信息的地质意义

完整的陕西大荔人遗址剖面由上部黄土—古土壤序列和下部砂土地层两部分组成。综合全剖面磁化率曲线对比和极性分析,以及和间隔遥远的古里雅冰芯氧同位素曲线的对比,得出上部黄土—古土壤序列由S0、L1、S1、L2、S2五层组成,下面的砂土层包含相当于L3、S3、L4、S4的地层(由上到下)。据此,再通过与黄土—古土壤磁化率年代曲线的对比,判定出大荔人头骨化石产出地层形成年代至少可以追溯到422ka前。以上结论得到了偏移事件(MonoLake事件,BLAKE事件和BiwaIII事件)的辅证。     

Rapid decrease of mass balance observed in the Xiao (Lesser) Dongkemadi Glacier,in the central Tibetan Plateau

The mass balance of the Xiao (Lesser) Dongkemadi Glacier located in the Tanggula Mountains, of the central Qinghai‐Tibetan Plateau has been monitored since 1989. The results show that the mass balance of the glacier has recently shown a deficit trend, and that the glacial terminus was also retreating. Positive mass balance of the glacier was dominant during the period 1989–1993, and the accumulated mass balance reached 970 mm. However, negative mass balance of the glacier has occurred since 1994, except for the large positive mass balance year 1997. The mass balance was ? 701 mm in 1998, an extremely negative glacier mass balance year. The equilibrium line altitude showed a significant increasing trend. The mass balance of the glacier has changed from a significantly positive mass balance to a strongly negative mass balance since 1994. Meteorological data suggest that the rapid decrease in the mass balance is related to summer season warming. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

单视数SAR图像Speckle滤波方法的研究

在分析单机数SAR影像的Speckle局部统计特性和现有的空间滤波算法的基础上,提出了一种新的Speckle滤波方法,该方法采用特殊的滤波窗口邻域划分方法,根据窗口相对标准差自适应地调整窗口尺寸和窗口内的滤波区域。该方法被用于多幅单视数ERS-1/2SAR图像去Speckle处理,并与以往的典型算法进行了比较,取得了较好的实验结果。     

对比法测量气象能见度的理论分析

本文从能见度定义出发,提出了一种新型的能见度测量方法——对比法。对比测量法就是以自然水平天空为背景,人工设定一个亮度可调的目标物,用同一测量系统分别测量目标物亮度与天空背景亮度的差异,当该差值小于某设定阈值时,就认为该目标物的视亮度与天空背景亮度相同,根据目标物的实际亮度值就可以计算出大气透过率,进而计算气象能见度。采用检测目标物亮度与天空背景亮度对比确定气象光学距离方法的优点在于：理论上采用能见度定义,满足目标物刚好“可见”条件,实际使用中只需要人工目标物设计成亮度多级重复循环变化,对于接收端仅需要测量亮度差是否达到预先设定值进行判断。只要人工目标物有足够的亮度重复精度,就能保证测量结果的准确性,而检测器实质上是一个差分检测放大系统,这种差分电路对于共模信号都有较好的抑制能力,并且不需要测量绝对光强度,可以降低技术工艺方面要求。本文从理论推导人手,根据实际情况进行了必要的简化,得出对比法的计算公式,最后根据实际天空背景亮度变化情况给出了人工目标物亮度的变化范围。     

低可容空间浅水三角洲沉积层序及聚煤模式:以渤海湾地区下二叠统山西组为例*

为研究低可容空间浅水三角洲体系沉积层序及聚煤模式,以渤海湾地区下二叠统山西组为主要研究对象,开展层序地层研究,在层序地层格架内揭示低可容空间浅水三角洲体系聚煤模式。根据沉积相转换面以及下切谷冲刷面两类不整合面(SU)可将山西组划分为3个三级层序Sq1、Sq2及Sq3,每个三级层序代表 1期三角洲。通过最大洪泛面(MFS)与最大水退面(MRS)将每个三级层序划分为LST、TST及HST 3个体系域,代表 9个四级层序。根据岩性参数等值线绘制一系列特定于层序的沉积相图,在可容空间增长速率及泥炭堆积速率的控制下,三角洲平原泛滥平原及三角洲前缘泥炭沼泽为聚煤中心,位于冀中坳陷东部、黄骅坳陷中北部以及济阳坳陷部分地区。泛滥平原中形成的煤层厚度大,且聚煤中心具有随三角洲推进逐渐南移的趋势,三角洲前缘聚煤环境相对较差,形成的煤层厚度较薄,且易被分流河道砂体冲刷。渤海湾地区下二叠统浅水三角洲层序地层学及沉积学分析为聚煤模式提供了基础,该模式包括LST、TST早期、TST中期、TST晚期以及HST 5个时期的演化。煤层主要聚集在Sq1与Sq2的TST以及HST时期。这些成果对渤海湾地区煤炭资源勘探及提高钻探工程地质效果具有现实意义。     

新疆伊犁塔克尔穆库尔沙漠砂的特征与沙源的关系

本文通过对新疆伊犁塔克尔穆库尔沙漠砂的粒度分析和矿物鉴定,并结合野外实地资料,探明了沙漠砂的来源与特征,分析结果表明:该区沙漠中,两种不同成因类型的沙——水成沙和风成沙在粒度特征上有较明显的差异,后者在某种程度上仍保留着前者的痕迹。两者所含矿物种类相同,其中各类矿物所占比例大致相似,表面结构也无显著区别,证明该两种不同类型沙在本质上是相互联系的,来自同一物源。水成沙是源于天山山脉,流经伊犁盆地,汇于伊犁河谷的水系搬运而来;风成沙是在本区沙漠形成过程中,由水成沙进行短距离搬运经不同程度的改造而成。     

测定植物水势的压力室装置

本文介绍了压力室装置的原理和制作方法以及操作过程。用压力室测定植物水势具有操作简便,仪器制作便宜等优点。