浅谈钛金属在首饰表面装饰中的运用

钛金属作为一种新型材料在装饰画领域中得到运用,但目前对其在首饰设计中的运用研究甚少.本次研究以钛金属运用到首饰表面进行装饰为目的,通过钛金属单纯氧化、氧化基础上的机械方式、化学蚀刻等制作方式对钛金属表面首饰性装饰进行运用和分析.研究结果表明,在机械方式基础之上,对钛金属表面进行化学蚀刻同时结合单纯氧化可以达到钛金属首饰表面装饰的效果.     

Shape and position of Earth’s bow shock near-lunar orbit based on ARTEMIS data

Earth’s bow shock is the result of interaction between the supersonic solar wind and Earth’s magnetopause. However, data limitations mean the model of the shape and position of the bow shock are based largely on near-Earth satellite data. The model of the bow shock in the distant magnetotail and other factors that affect the bow shock, such as the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) B_y, remain unclear. Here, based on the bow shock crossings of ARTEMIS from January 2011 to January 2015, new coefficients of the tail-flaring angle α of the Chao model (one of the most accurate models currently available) were obtained by fitting data from the middle-distance magnetotail (near-lunar orbit, geocentric distance -20R_E>X>-50R_E). In addition, the effects of the IMF B_y on the flaring angle α were analyzed. Our results showed that: (1) the new fitting coefficients of the Chao model in the middle-distance magnetotail are more consistent with the observed results; (2) the tail-flaring angle α of the bow shock increases as the absolute value of the IMF B_y increases. Moreover, positive IMF B_y has a greater effect than negative IMF B_y on flaring angle. These results provide a reference for bow shock modeling that includes the IMF B_y.     

Stratigraphic framework of late Paleozoic in northeastern China

Late Paleozoic strata in northeastern China are distributed in a zonal pattern around the old-land on the Jiamusi-Mongolia Block.They are composed of active deposits in the regular distributed tectonic lithofacies zones.This indicates that the late Paleozoic strata belong to continental margin deposits.According to the strong conformability of the sedimentary strata in the same continental margin and distinct differences among the three continental margins,three stratigraphical regions of the Jiamusi-Mongolia Stratigraphical Province are recognized along the northern,southern and eastern margins of the Jiamusi-Mongolia Block,named respectively as Xing’an Stratigraphical Region,Inner Mongolia grass--Songhua River Stratigraphical Region and Baoqing--Hunchun Stratigraphical Region.Due to the characteristics of continental margin deposits and active sediments,the strata can be correlated on the level of formation by the methods of analysing the rock association in the same stratigraphic region.Therefore,some revisions of the lithological formations of the late Paleozoic strata in northeastern China have been made,and a new chart of lithostratigraphic correlation has been proposed.Furthermore,the present stratigraphic framework is setting on the International Stratigraphic Chart on the level of stage,after comprehensive researches to lithostratigraphy,biostratigraphy and chronostratigraphy,especially the conodont biostratigraphy and isotopic ages of volcanic rocks obtained in recent years.     

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Reconstruction of summer temperature variation from maximum density of alpine pine during 1917?2002 for west Sichuan Plateau, China

Having analyzed the tree ring width and maximum latewood density of Pinus den-sata from west Sichuan, we obtained different climate information from tree-ring width and maximum latewood density chronology. The growth of tree ring width was responded princi-pally to the precipitation in current May, which might be influenced by the activity of southwest monsoon, whereas the maximum latewood density reflected summer temperature (June–September). According to the correlation relationship, a transfer function had been used to reconstruct summer temperature for the study area. The explained variance of re-construction is 51% (F=52.099, p<0.0001). In the reconstruction series: before the 1930s, the climate was relatively cold, and relatively warm from 1930 to 1960, this trend was in accor-dance with the cold-warm period of the last 100 years, west Sichuan. Compared with Chengdu, the warming break point in west Sichuan is 3 years ahead of time, indicating that the Tibetan Plateau was more sensitive to temperature change. There was an evident sum-mer warming signal after 1983. Although the last 100-year running average of summer tem-perature in the 1990s was the maximum, the running average of the early 1990s was below the average line and it was cold summer, but summer drought occurred in the late 1990s.     

Impacts of climate change on glacial water resources and hydrological cycles in the Yangtze River source region, the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, China: A Progress Report

The Yangtze River Source Region has an area of 137,704 km2.Its mean annual runoff of 12.52 billion m3,which was recorded by the Chumda Hydrological Station in 1961-2000,accounts for only 0.13 percent of the Yangtze River’s total annual streamflow.The extensive rivers,lakes,wetlands,glaciers,snow fields,and permafrost of the Yangtze River Source Region,as well as the region’s vast alpine grasslands,play a critical role in storing and regulating the flow of water not only in the upper Yangtze River watershed of Qinghai,Sichuan,the Tibet Autonomous Region (TAR) (Tibet) and Yunnan,but also throughout the entire lower Yangtze River basin.Climate change has been the dominant factor in recent fluctuation in the volume of the Yangtze River Source Region’s glacier resources.The Chumda Hydrological Station on the lower Tongtian River has registered a mean annual glacial meltwater of 1.13 billion m3 for the period 1961-2000,makes up 9 percent of the total annual runoff.Glacial meltwater makes up a significant percentage of streamflow in the Yangtze River Source Region,the major rivers of the upper Yangtze River Source Region:the Togto,Dam Chu,Garchu,and Bi Chu (Bu Chu) rivers all originate at large glaciers along the Tanggula Range.Glaciers in the Yangtze River Source Region are typical continental-type glaciers with most glacial meltwater flow occurring June-August;the close correlation between June-August river flows and temperature illustrates the important role of glacial meltwater in feeding rivers.Glaciers in the source region have undergone a long period of rapid ablation beginning in 1993.Examination of flow and temperature data for the 1961-2000 period shows that the annual melting period for glacial ice,snow,and frozen ground in the Yangtze River Source Region now begins earlier because of increasing spring temperatures,resulting in the reduction of summer flood season peak runoffs;meanwhile,increased rates of glacier ablation have resulted in more uneven annual distribution of runoff in the source region.T     

甘东南4井水温资料在汶川M_S8.0地震前后的异常变化特征分析

较为系统地分析了甘东南成县、樊坝、清水温泉、两水4口水温井自2007年以来的水温观测数据,发现在2008年5月12日汶川MS8.0地震前后4口水温井资料都出现了不同程度的前兆异常变化,但前兆异常信息大部分淹没在趋势上升的背景中。为了更好地提取前兆异常信息,文中采用了流体资料处理时常用的差分法、变差率法、从属函数法、趋势速率法等前兆异常信息提取方法,对数据进行了处理,并分析了4井水温前兆异常变化特征。     

Biological Processes Responsible for Travertine Deposition: A Review and Future Prospect

The investigation of biological processes responsible for travertine deposition allows us to better understand the travertine petrographic and geochemical signatures as proxies of climatic and environmental change. This paper reviewed the organisms associated with travertines, the biotic micro-fabrics formed within travertines, the biological processes associated with travertine precipitation and their controls on travertine geochemical properties. Prospects of the future research on biological processes responsible for travertine precipitation were provided. Bacteria, algae and mosses are the most important organisms that involve in the precipitation of travertines. The growth of these organisms leads to the formation of a range of various porosity, crystal fabrics and lamination within travertines. Three main biological processes responsible for travertine deposition can be classified, including \mathrm{①} a process of aquatic plant growth generating a turbulent condition and consequent CO₂ evasion, \mathrm{②} a metabolic (mainly photosynthetic) process mediating carbonate precipitation and \mathrm{③} a ‘surface-control’ process influencing nucleation and crystal growth. These processes play an important role in the migration and transformation of elements in travertine-depositing system and thus determine the properties of water chemistry and geochemistry of carbonate deposits. Travertine deposits have great potential to be valuable records for the geobiological study. Further investigation is required to simultaneously track biotic and abiotic interactions in modern travertine-depositing environments and quantify the contribution of these two processes and apply the results to accurately interpret travertine records.     

气氡观测脱气装置改造的试验研究

SD-3A自动仪器是“九五”期间中国地震局研制的自动测氡仪器,其脱气装置需要根据观测点的具体情况自行设计、制造。为此,笔者通过对武都殿沟泉脱气装置反复试验、改造,研制完成的脱气装置在武都气氡观测中获得良好效果：整点观测值的离散度明显减小,在6个月中（2002年2月至7月）有101个值超过3倍的均方差,降低到（2003年2月至7月）超过3倍的均方差的数值为零,观测值日变化幅度从几千Bq／L,降低到100Bq／L左右。。