Characteristics of landscape information Tupu of the Yellow River swings and its subdeltas during 1855―2000

Based on the theories and methods of cartography on spatial pattern and temporal evolution in Geo-information Tupu (Carto-methodology in Geo-information, CMGI) and the quantitative measurements of pattern and process in landscape ecology, the methodology of landscape information Tupu in studying the swing process of the Yellow River (YR) over the Yellow River Delta (YRD) during 1855―2000 has been demonstrated. The main content includes (1) methodology of landscape information Tupu; (2) evolution process Tupu of YR rump channels; (3) evolution process Tupu of the 7 pieces of subdeltas in YRD during 1855―2000; (4) landscape information Tupu of the modern YRD and the current YRD; (5) landscape information Tupu of YR rump channels on the 7 pieces of subdeltas during 1855―2000; and (6) corridor-matrix landscape information Tupu by YR swings. The methodology of landscape information Tupu here is still primary but we hope that it could provide a new tool for exploring an integrated research on spatiotemporal approaches for landscape "pattern and process".     

基于GIS的住宅区周边危险边坡三维稳定性评价

为了评价日本千叶县某住宅区周边大范围边坡的滑坡危险度,探讨了一种基于GIS的三维边坡稳定性评价方法。首先根据已有的CAD格式的地形等高线图及有限的钻孔数据,得到地表、地层、地下水的三维GIS数据。在依据边坡倾角、倾向等地形特性对该大范围边坡划分边坡单元的基础上,采用一种基于GIS栅格数据的边坡稳定三维极限平衡分析模型计算了研究区域各边坡单元的安全系数,进行了滑坡危险性分区评价。本研究对于如何利用有限的现场调查数据来进行高精度的数值计算分析,以及GIS在地质防灾领域的更深层次的应用具有一定的参考价值。     

中子活化法在老寨湾金矿微量元素特征分析上的应用

采用中子活化分析方法测试了老寨湾金矿区内的硅化褐铁矿化石英砂岩类、辉绿岩类、灰岩类和黄铁矿样品的微量元素特征，并利用元素地球化学研究方法对元素间的相关关系进行了分析，结果表明，在该地区可以利用金的伴生元素来指导找矿。     

石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定农业地质调查土壤样品中镉的不确定度评定

用实例对石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定土壤样品中镉元素的不确定度进行评定,采用《测量不确定度评定与表示指南》对测量结果进行评估。分析了不确定度的主要来源,包括测量浓度的不确定度、体积的不确定度、称量不确定度及测量重复性引起的不确定度。评估了镉含量的合成标准不确定度和扩展不确定度。对于镉含量为0.42×10-6的土壤样品,其扩展不确定度为0.04×10-6。     

鄂尔多斯盆地南部含铀砂岩岩石学特征研究

文章在对鄂尔多斯盆地南部砂岩岩石学特研究的基础上，重点探讨了砂岩赋铀性与岩石结构组分的关系和粘土矿物演化、压实与胶结、溶蚀与次生孔隙形成等主要成岩作用对岩石渗透性与铀的运移聚集的影响。将研究区含铀砂岩划分成4种赋铀砂岩类型，讨论了不同岩石类型的成矿性特征。综合分析了铀成矿条件，建立了砂岩型铀矿成矿模式，为研究区铀成矿有利区段预测提供了岩石学证据。     

东胜地区煤成烃的发现及其意义

在东胜地区发现了煤成烃现象，论文从多角度提供了证据，进一步阐述了煤成烃与铀成矿之间的关系，指出煤成烃为铀成矿提供了重要的还原剂，且有利于保矿，为找矿提供了新的有机标志。该研究拓宽了铀矿床有机地球化学研究领域。     

ICP-MS测定地质样品中37个元素的准确度和长期稳定性分析

对Elan6100DRC型ICP-MS近五年来所测得的国际地质标样BHVO-1(玄武岩)和AGV-1(安山岩)中的37个元素的测定值以及仪器灵敏度的长期漂移情况进行了统计分析(共计146次)。结果表明,几年来ICP-MS所测数据的长期稳定性和准确度都较好,除个别元素Li(BHVO-1)、Be(BHVO-1))、Cr(AGV-1)、Cs(BHVO-1)和Pb(BHVO-1)的相对误差(与参考值比较)接近或略大于10%外,绝大多数元素的相对误差和相对标准偏差(RSD,测定值之间,n=146)都在5%以内;仪器灵敏度并不是随着时间一直往下漂,有的是往上漂的,也有上下漂的,即使是在同一时间内,有的元素灵敏度往上漂,而有的往下漂。常用的内标法无法较好校正这种漂移,而需要采用内外标相结合的校正方法。不同批次,210个各种地质样品中Rb、Sr、Zr和Nb的XRF和ICP-MS分析结果对比情况表明,绝大多数样品中Rb、Sr、Zr和Nb的ICP-MS和XRF的测定值的相对误差小于10%。以上的分析结果表明,我们实验室所建立的以密闭高温高压消解技术为样品前处理方法,以模拟地壳样品中元素天然丰度比的基体匹配校正标准溶液为外标和以Rh为内标结合外标校正的ICP-MS多元素分析方法具有非常好的准确度和长期稳定性。     

Geology and Metallogenesis of the Sawayaerdun Gold Deposit in the Southwestern Tianshan Mountains, Xinjiang, China

The Sawayaerdun gold deposit, located in Wuqia County, Southwest Tianshan, China, occurs in Upper Silurian and Lower Devonian low‐grade metamorphic carbonaceous turbidites. The orebodies are controlled by a series of NE‐NNE‐trending, brittle–ductile shear zones. Twenty‐four gold mineralized zones have been recognized in the Sawayaerdun ore deposit. Among these, the up to 4‐km‐long and 200‐m wide No. IV mineralized zone is economically the most important. The average gold grade is 1–6 g/t. Gold reserves of the Sawayaerdun deposit have been identified at approximately 37 tonnes and an inferred resource of 123 tonnes. Hydrothermal alteration is characterized by silicification, pyritization, arsenopyritization, sericitization, carbonatization and chloritization. On the basis of field evidence and petrographic analysis, five stages of vein emplacement and hydrothermal mineralization can be distinguished: stage 1, early quartz stage, characterized by the occurrence of quartz veins; stage 2, arsenopyrite–pyrite–quartz stage, characterized by the formation of auriferous quartz veinlets and stockworks; stage 3, polymetallic sulfide quartz stage, characterized by the presence of auriferous polymetallic sulfide quartz veinlets and stockworks; stage 4, antimony–quartz stage, characterized by the formation of stibnite–jamesonite quartz veins; and stage 5, quartz–carbonate vein stage. Stages 2 and 3 represent the main gold mineralization, with stage 4 representing a major antimony mineralization episode in the Sawayaerdun deposit. Two types of fluid inclusion, namely H₂O–NaCl and H₂O–CO₂–NaCl types, have been recognized in quartz and calcite. Aqueous inclusions show a wide range of homogenization temperatures from 125 to 340°C, and can be correlated with the mineralization stage during which the inclusions formed. Similarly, salinities and densities of these fluids range for each stage of mineralization from 2.57 to 22 equivalent wt% NaCl and 0.76 to 1.05 g/cm³, respectively. The ore‐forming fluids thus are representative of a medium‐ to low‐temperature, low‐ to medium‐salinity H₂O–NaCl–CO₂–CH₄–N₂ system. The δ³⁴S_CDT values of sulfides associated with mineralization fall into a narrow range of ?3.0 to +2.6‰ with a mean of +0.1‰. The δ¹³C_PDB values of dolomite and siderite from the Sawayaerdun gold deposit range from ?5.4 to ?0.6‰, possibly reflecting derivation of the carbonate carbon from a mixed magmatic/sedimentary source. Changes in physico‐chemical conditions and composition of the hydrothermal fluids, water–rock exchange and immiscibility of hydrothermal fluids are inferred to have played important roles in the ore‐forming process of the Sawayaerdun gold–antimony deposit.     

利用水汽总量资料诊断入梅时间的方法

梅雨期是江淮流域从春季到夏季一个重要的过渡时期。传统诊断入梅的方法主要根据雨日和温度及副热带高压位置等来确定。由于雨日的不连续, 天气形势的多变, 常会引起诊断入梅日期的分歧。利用长江三角洲地区地基GPS网所反演的连续的大气水汽总量 (GPS/PWV) 资料详细分析了长江三角洲地区2002—2005年入梅情况, 发现GPS/PWV资料可以反映出入梅前后大气中水汽发生显著季节性跳跃的特征, 总结出利用大气中水汽变化特征来诊断入梅时间的方法 (PWV方法)。采用1980—2000年的历史探空资料计算的大气水汽总量 (PWV) 资料, 对该方法进行了检验:21年中有13年的入梅日期与历史上传统方法诊断的入梅日期相吻合; 对两种方法诊断的入梅日期相差较大的3年的入梅情况进行的分析表明, PWV方法诊断出的入梅日比原定入梅日更合理。该方法在2006年入梅诊断的应用也得到验证。     

基于中值滤波和小波变换的天气雷达回波图像处理

本文提出了一种中值滤波和小波变换相结合的天气雷达回波图像处理方法,分别从目标回波的视觉角度和统计量的客观角度对处理后图像进行了分析。实验结果表明,本文算法实现了去除回波图像中高斯和脉冲混合噪声的目的,有效的保留了回波图像边缘细节,视觉效果好,层次感较为丰富,处理效果明显优于传统图像处理方法,为自动识别回波种类的研究提供了良好的基础。