过去千年3个特征时期东亚冬夏季风关系的模拟研究

使用美国大气研究中心开展的过去千年集合模拟试验（Community Earth System Model-Last Millennium Ensemble,简称CESM-LME）数据,对过去千年（公元850~2005年）3个重要的特征时期——中世纪气候异常期、小冰期和现代暖期的东亚冬、夏季风关系,尤其是年代-多年代尺度上的关系进行了对比研究。结果表明：在年代和多年代尺度上,由自然外强迫主导的中世纪气候异常期和小冰期及人类活动主导的现代暖期,东亚冬、夏季风均呈负位相变化形势,但影响二者关系的机制在3个时期并不相同。研究发现,太平洋年代际振荡（Pacific Decadal Oscillation,简称PDO）可能是造成前两个特征时期东亚冬、夏季风反位相变化的主要原因,大西洋多年代际振荡（Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation,简称AMO）的作用相对较小。现代暖期AMO的作用有所加强,与PDO的作用相当,同时夏季风环流对PDO和AMO的响应较前两个时期强,且响应特征有所不同,这可能与人类活动有较大关系。另外在人类活动作用下,季风指数的定义方法可能会对季风关系的研究结果产生影响,这是未来预估研究中需要留意的地方。

     

基于物方影像匹配的DEM聚类变化检测

提出了DEM的变化检测问题,采用了基于密度的聚类分析方法对匹配所得的初始变化区域进行分析,实现了地表高程变化区域的检测.     

遥感影像智能解译样本库现状与研究

我国遥感对地观测等项目顺利实施,获取了大量时效性强、覆盖范围广、信息量丰富的遥感数据.但遥感影像智能化自动处理技术发展仍相对滞后,无法满足区域/全球大范围地物信息快速提取的需求.近年来,人们利用深度学习技术显著提高了影像特征提取成效,但由于所使用的深度学习样本数量和类型有限,对于多源遥感影像的自动解译能力仍然不足.本文...     

拉萨地体南缘早始新世荣玛辉长岩年代学、岩石地球化学特征及其地质意义

印度-欧亚大陆初始碰撞后的新特提斯洋板片断离过程至今尚未得到较好的约束.对拉萨地体南缘荣玛地区早始新世辉长岩开展了锆石U-Pb定年、全岩主微量及Sr-Nd同位素分析,探讨了岩石成因及动力学意义,以进一步约束新特提斯洋板片断离过程.研究结果表明,荣玛辉长岩的锆石U-Pb年龄为51±1 Ma,形成于早始新世;地球化学特征显...     

D-InSAR三轨法监测城市地表沉降的研究

差分干涉测量（DInSAR）技术是合成孔径雷达（SAR）卫星应用的一个拓展。雷达图象的差分干涉可用于监测厘米级或更微小的地表形变,以揭示许多物理现象,如地震形变、火山运动、大气变化、冰川漂移、地面沉降以及山体滑坡等。实验选取典型的上海市地面沉降场作为研究对象,使用三幅欧洲空间局ERS1和ERS2的C波段数据,采用三轨法,成功提取了上海市相隔20个月的地面沉降图。     

Ekman motion in shallow open sea in the presence of time-harmonic variation of water depth

The time variation of the wind-induced flow in a homogeneous unbounded sea region has been analytically investigated. The time-dependent Ekman solution in a homogeneous, shallow open sea has been further extended by taking into account the time variation in water depth which might be caused by either tidal motion or change in the mixed layer thickness. The solution approach taken in this study is based on the Galerkin-eigenfunction method originally developed by Heaps [1972. On the numerical solution of three-dimensional hydrodynamical equations for tides and storm surges. Memoires de la Societe Royale des Sciences de Liege Serie 6(2), 143–180]. A series of calculations have been made with emphasis on the influence of the time variation in water depth upon the build-up of Ekman spirals in the presence of oscillatory variations in water depth. It has been found that two oscillations contribute to the wind drift current, the inertial oscillation and the depth-variation-induced oscillation; the inertial oscillation decays with time, but the depth-variation-induced oscillation remains undamped despite the presence of bottom friction. The presence of time-harmonic variation produces peculiar forms of hodograph with a curled or circular pattern according to the angular frequency of the water depth variation.     

Disruption of Sema3A expression causes abnormal neural projection in heavy oil exposed Japanese flounder larvae

It has been well known that oil spills cause serious problems in the aquatic organisms. In particular, some species of teleosts, which develop on the sea surface thought to be affected by heavy oil (HO). During the embryogenesis, the nervous system is constructed. Therefore, it is important to study the toxicological effects of HO on the developing neurons. We exposed HO to eggs of Japanese flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) and investigated the neural disorder. In larvae exposed by HO at the concentration of 8.75 mg/L, the facial and lateral line nerves partially entered into the incorrect region and the bundle was defasciculated. Furthermore, in the HO-exposed larvae, Sema3A, a kind of axon guidance molecule, was broadly expressed in second pharyngeal arch, a target region of facial nerve. Taken together, we suggested the possibility that the abnormal expression of Sema3A affected by HO exposure causes disruption of facial nerve scaffolding.     

胶州湾沉积物中石油降解菌的降解能力及多样性研究

2013年青岛输油管道爆炸,大量石油污染了附近海岸。课题组采集了污染的沉积物样品,以原油为唯一碳源和能源,富集了四个石油降解菌群。生物多样性和群落分析表明,Luteibacter、Parvibaculum 和属于食烷菌科的一个属是降解菌群的主要优势菌,都属于变形菌门。从石油降解菌群中分离筛选,获得了9株具有不同16S rRNA基因序列的降解菌,分别属于8个属。重量法测定降解菌的石油降解率,其中5株的石油降解率大于30%。GC-MS分析结果表明,石油降解菌多倾向于降解烷烃,对多环芳烃的降解能力较差,其中5株细菌的烷烃降解率较大,仅1株菌D2对多环芳烃的降解率较大,其降解率在34.9%到77.5%。通过对高通量数据的分析,表明食烷菌属是菌群A和菌群E的主要降解菌群,其中筛选获得的菌株E4可能是菌群E的一株优势降解菌。本研究所筛选菌株证明了其石油降解潜力,为油污染海滩生物修复提供了菌株资源。