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This paper treats the static spheroidal deformation of degree 1 in detail. We give a physical interpretation of the consistency relation imposed on it. the relation serves as a guiding principle to find out all of its members. Following Okubo & Saito, we derive the partial derivatives of the degree 1 Love numbers with respect to density, bulk modulus and rigidity. 相似文献
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Acta Geochimica - In this study, we investigated the chemical composition of dissolved solids in the Ca River basin, North-Central Vietnam. Water samples were collected from August 2017 to July... 相似文献
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We present analyses of two swarms of long-period (LP) earthquakes at > 30 km depth that accompanied the geodetically observed 2002–2005 Mauna Loa intrusion. The first LP earthquake swarm in 2002 consisted of 31 events that were precursory and preceded the start of Mauna Loa inflation; the second LP swarm of two thousand events occurred from 2004–2005. The rate of LP earthquakes slowed significantly coincident with the occurrence of the December 26, 2004 Mw 9.3 Sumatra earthquake, suggesting that the seismic waves from this great earthquake may have had a dynamic triggering effect on the behavior of Mauna Loa's deep magma system. Using waveform cross correlation and double difference relocation, we find that a large number of earthquakes in each swarm are weakly similar and can be classified into two families. The relocated hypocenters for each family collapse to compact point source regions almost directly beneath the Mauna Loa intrusion. We suggest that the observed waveform characteristics are compatible with each family being associated with the resonance of a single fluid filled vertical crack of fixed geometry, with differences in waveforms between events being produced by slight variations in the trigger mechanism. If these LP earthquakes are part of the primary magma system that fed the 2002–2005 intrusion, as indicated by the spatial and temporal associations between mantle seismicity and surface deformation, then our results raise the possibility that this magma system may be quite focused at these depths as opposed to being a diffuse network. It is likely that only a few locations of Mauna Loa's deep magma system met the geometric and fluid dynamic conditions for generating LP earthquakes that were large enough to be recorded at the surface, and that much of the deep magma transfer associated with the 2002–2005 intrusion occurred aseismically. 相似文献
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Journal of Oceanography - It is indeed a great honor to receive the Oceanographical Society of Japan Prize (1983) for the study of oceanic turbulent diffusion. For this award I owe a great many... 相似文献
18.
Takashi Okubo 《Journal of Oceanography》1981,37(5):279-286
The concentrations of228Ra in surface waters of the Seto Inland Sea were determined. Surface waters from the central region of the Seto Inland Sea, Hiuchi Nada and Bingo Nada, contained concentrations of228Ra of 655–811 dpm/1000 l which were 100 times higher than those obtained in the Pacific Ocean. These high concentrations of228Ra must be supported by a228Ra flux from the bottom sediment. The lower limit of this flux was estimated to be more than 0.16 dpm cm–2 y–1. The228Ra concentrations decreased markedly from central regions of the Seto Inland Sea to about 18 dpm/1000 l in the Kii and the Bungo Channels as salinity increased. Using a box model and the228Ra data, the mean residence time of sea water in the Seto Inland Sea with respect to the exchange with the open ocean water was estimated to be less than 10 y, and the most probable value is the order of several years. 相似文献
19.
Predicting riverine dissolved silica fluxes to coastal zones from a hyperactive region and analysis of their first-order controls 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1
Jens Hartmann Nils Jansen Hans H. Dürr Akira Harashima Kenji Okubo Stephan Kempe 《International Journal of Earth Sciences》2010,99(1):207-230
Silicate weathering and resulting transport of dissolved matter influence the global carbon cycle in two ways. First by the
uptake of atmospheric/soil CO2 and second by providing the oceanic ecosystems via the fluvial systems with the nutrient dissolved silica (DSi). Previous
work suggests that regions dominated by volcanics are hyperactive or even “hot spots” concerning DSi-mobilization. Here, we
present a new approach for predicting DSi-fluxes to coastal zones, emphasizing “first-order” controlling factors (lithology,
runoff, relief, land cover and temperature). This approach is applied to the Japanese Archipelago, a region characterized
by a high percentage of volcanics (29.1% of surface area). The presented DSi-flux model is based on data of 516 catchments,
covering approximately 56.7% of the area of the Japanese Archipelago. The spatial distribution of lithology—one of the most
important first order controls—is taken from a new high resolution map of Japan. Results show that the Japanese Archipelago
is a hyperactive region with a DSi-yield 6.6 times higher than the world average of 3.3 t SiO2 km−2 a−1, but with large regional variations. Approximately 10% of its area exceeds 10 times the world average DSi-yield. Slope constitutes
another important controlling factor on DSi-fluxes besides lithology and runoff, and can exceed the influence of runoff on
DSi-yields. Even though the monitored area on the Japanese Archipelago stretches from about 31° to 46°N, temperature is not
identified as a significant first-order model variable. This may be due to the fact that slope, runoff and lithology are correlated
with temperature due to regional settings of the Archipelago, and temperature information is substituted to a certain extent
by these factors. Land cover data also do not improve the prediction model. This may partly be attributed to misinterpreted
land cover information from satellite images. Implications of results for Earth System and global carbon cycle modeling are
discussed. 相似文献
20.
Hydrological processes of adsorption,sedimentation, and infiltration into the lake bed during the 2004 urban flood in Dhaka city,Bangladesh 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
The urban flood of Dhaka city in September 2004 is a result of heavy rainfall (341 mm a day or more than 600 mm in 5 days).
In addition to the local rainfall, elevated water levels in the surrounding rivers may have affected the flood duration by
bank filtration. Two lakes, Banani and Gulshan, in the mid of the city are the part of general storm water retention system
in Dhaka. Flood water runs through the lakes acting as channels to the pumping station downstream. A tank model is used in
this study to describe the total drainage process with the hydraulic geometry and resistance laws to derive cross-sections
and friction factors of the quasi-uniform flows. Assuming the dissolved matters of the flood water was of similar composition
as in the lake sediments, the process was a combination of adsorption and sedimentation. Lake sediment samples collected in
March 2004 show an anomaly of chromium which may reflect the previous 1998 flood, and there may be a diffusive leakage from
the source area to the adjacent zones. Further evidence of infiltration process is seen in records of diurnal thermal stratification
of Lake Banani. It responds to only heavy rainfalls over 100 mm/day, and the fact means that infiltration to the groundwater
is rather intermittent. 相似文献