基于SWAN雷达拼图产品在暴雨过程中的对流云降水识别及效果检验

本文基于SWAN雷达拼图产品,选取了组合反射率因子、组合反射率因子水平梯度、回波顶高及垂直累积液态水含量作为识别参数,采用模糊逻辑法对暴雨过程中的对流云与层状云降水进行了分类试验,对发生在重庆的12次区域性暴雨天气过程分类结果进行了验证。并以ADTD地闪资料作为对流云降水的实况观测数据,分别采用了四种不同半径的空间匹配与四种不同时间匹配方式对识别出的对流云降水产品进行了定量检验。检验结果显示:随着空间匹配半径的增大,正确率明显提高,而6 min地闪相对于6 min拼图产品提前6、3、0 min及滞后3 min四种时间匹配方式,其正确率变化很小。对于12次暴雨过程的总体评分较高,检验方法具有清楚的物理意义,在不同的时空匹配方式下的评分结果符合实际情况,同时说明对流云与层状云降水分类效果较好,也是对对流云降水识别定量检验的一次探索。     

Tolerance,oxygen consumption and ammonia excretion of Ophiopholis sarsii vadicola in different temperatures and salinities

There are more than 2000 species of brittle stars in the world. For most of them, many scientific questions including basic characteristics of eco-physiology are still unknown. In the present study, Ophiopholis sarsii vadicola acclimated at 15℃, salinity 31, were assessed for temperature and salinity tolerance. Its oxygen consumption and ammonia excretion were studied at different temperatures(5, 10, 15, 20, 25℃) and salinities(25, 30, 35). O. sarsii vadicola could tolerate 0–24℃ and no brittle star was dead in the salinity range of 19–48 in the experimental situation. Two-way ANOVA showed that the oxygen consumption and ammonia excretion normalized with both dry mass and wet mass, Q10, which is used to describe the temperature sensitivity of respiration, and moisture content were significantly affected by temperature and salinity, and the combined effects of the two factors were significant. Stepwise multiple regression analysis revealed that logarithmic oxygen consumption and ammonia excretion showed a significant positive relationship with logarithmic temperature and salinity. The logarithmic moisture content of the brittle stars showed an inverse relationship with logarithmic salinity, but a positive relationship with logarithmic temperature. This suggests that the tolerance of temperature and salinity of brittle stars is closely related to their living environment, and that the effects of temperature on oxygen consumption are more significant at higher salinity, and that the ammonia excretion is less affected by salinity at lower temperatures.     

湿位涡和倾斜涡度发展

从完整的原始方程出发，在导出精确形式的湿位涡方程的基础上，证得绝热无摩擦的饱和湿空气具有湿位涡守恒的特性。并由此去研究湿斜压过程中涡旋垂直涡度的发展。结果表明，在湿等熵坐标中，涡旋的发展与对流稳定度的减少，等熵面上的辐合和潜热的释放有关。由于等熵位涡分析的应用受等熵面倾斜的限制，又进而发展了Ｚ坐标及Ｐ坐标中的倾斜涡度发展理论。指出无论是湿对称不稳定或对流不稳定大气，还是湿对称稳定或对流稳定大气，除对流稳定度的影响外，风的垂直切变的增加或水平湿斜压的增加均能因湿等熵面的倾斜而引起垂直涡度的增长。湿等熵面的倾斜越大，这种由干湿斜压性加强所引起的涡旋发展更激烈。在梅雨锋附近及其南侧暖湿区的北端，湿等熵面十分陡立，是涡旋发展及暴雨发生的重要地区。对１９９１年６月１２—１５日江淮流域暴雨过程的湿位涡分析表明，湿位涡分析，尤其是等压面上湿位涡量ＭＰＶ１和ＭＰＶ２的分析不仅在中高纬有效，在低纬度及低对流层也十分有效，是暴雨诊断和预报的有力工具。     

海拉尔盆地盐湖的形成自然环境

本文根据野外考察和室内研究，总结了海拉尔盆地盐湖的概况、盐类矿物组成、水化学成分和盐湖的形成自然环境；探讨碳酸盐型盐湖和形成条件和天然碱的成因机理．     

基于ArcGIS的标准分幅裁切新方法

数据裁切是数据生产过程中相当重要的一个环节,也是耗时较长的一道工序。本文介绍了一种基于ArcGIS的简单实用的数据裁切新方法,可以进行批量生产,具有快捷、简单、实用的特点。     

A Scheme for Scalar Exchange in the Urban Boundary Layer

We present a scheme for parameterising scalar transfer in the urban boundary layer, which is divided into an inertial layer and a roughness layer. The latter is further divided into a shear layer and a canyon layer. In the inertial layer, scalar transfer is determined by turbulence related to canyon macroscopic features, while in the roughness layer, it is determined by shear-generated turbulence, canyon vortex and vortex-generated turbulence. We first describe a conceptual model for the canyon flow and the aerodynamic resistance network, and then estimate the resistances from the point of view of drag partition and vortex advection. The results are compared with the measurements from wind-tunnel experiments. It is found that for small canyon aspect ratio, σ_c, the transfer velocity increases with σ_c, reaching a maximum at around σ_c=0.5 and then decreases with σ_c. We also show that the scheme is not sensitive to adjustable parameters     

认识珠江,保护珠江--试论广州至虎门潮汐水道的特性和保护问题

广州城下的珠江（广州至虎门）下属河成水道,而是潮道－潮成水道。论述了这一水道的成因和动力地貌特点,强调指出了这一潮道体系中潮滩和潮汐汊道存在的重要性。认为洙江的保护必须首次注意保护好潮滩（潮道中的近岸浅滩）,即不要再缩窄江面;其次是不能随意将潮道四周平原上的潮汐汊道堵塞或消灭     

兰州台倾斜固体潮初步观测结果

1.台址及仪器状况兰州台是甘肃省唯一的(Ⅰ类)形变综合观测台,架设有国家地震局地震研究所研制的目前国内最先进的FSQ型自记水管倾斜仪。该台位于(L=103°.7520,λ=36°.0980,H=1550米)兰州市安宁区人防山洞内,洞体进深145米,岩层直立,覆盖层厚29—88米。为了