航测用无人机实战操作技巧

分析了基于无人机的航空摄影测量在进行航拍任务时可能会发生的意外情况,并介绍了相应的避免、应对方法以及常用的操纵手法和技巧。     

大数据挖掘与智能预测找矿靶区实验研究——卷积神经网络模型的应用

成矿预测需要通过一定的规则集合将专家观点、地质背景、成矿类型等因素进行综合考虑。但由于受到人类实际计算能力的生物条件限制,影响找矿预测成果的最大因素是找矿者的经验知识。随着大数据时代的到来,成矿预测可充分利用数学计算,即以特定规则对成矿系统进行计算,以概率表示成矿前景。依靠计算机的超级运算能力,结合机器学习的方法技术,可以对地质大数据进行成矿预测特征学习,实现对众多地质变量与矿体相关性之间的验证,从而进行预测。本文以安徽东至兆吉口铅锌矿床为例,示范如何通过机器学习的卷积神经网络方法,学习元素Zn在地表的分布特征与矿体在地下空间就位的耦合关系,并圈定靶区。经过450次训练后,得到了准确率95%,损失率14%的CNN模型,并成功实现智能圈定3块找矿靶区。这种神经网络模型可能表达了矿体在地下就位时元素在地表分布的响应,可以用来进行找矿勘查并圈定靶区。     

Relationships between climate change,agricultural development and social stability in the Hexi Corridor over the last 2000 years

This case study of the Hexi Corridor, Northwestern China, utilizes statistical methods to estimate quantitatively the interaction at a regional level between climate change, ancient social developments, and political coping strategies over the past 2000 years. The data is sourced from high-resolution reconstructions of climate series(temperature and precipitation), and historical records of cultivated land, war, population, and changes in regional administrative systems. The results show that moisture conditions played a more significant role than temperature in driving land reclamation in the Hexi Corridor. Analysis also showed a negative correlation between war frequency and the area of cultivated land in the Corridor over 20-year time intervals. Population growth was found to have a significant positive correlation with the cultivated land area during the study period. The results indicate that a climate-induced decline in agricultural production and the subsequent fluctuations in population could act as a trigger for social unrest, which is especially true at the mutual decadal time-scales. However, the interaction with administrative reform also suggests that, in the face of social and economic turmoil, a reasonable administrative hierarchy could strengthen the social governance of regional government, and promote social stability and economic development at a regional level. The study substantiates this notion with empirical quantitative evidence.     

Scale model test study on negative skin friction of piles considering the collapsibility of loess

In collapsible loess area, the negative skin friction of pile foundation will cause many engineering problems such as failure of pile strength and reduction of bearing capacity of pile foundation, which will bring great harm to engineering construction. In order to study the change and distribution law of negative friction of pile foundation in collapsible loess area, the scale model test of negative friction of pile considering loess collapsibility was designed and completed. Through finite element numerical simulation, the test results are verified, and the distribution law of negative friction of pile and the number and position of neutral points are obtained. The test results show that under the condition of immersion, the loess has layered settlement, and there are both negative friction and positive friction on the pile surface, and there are two neutral points. Negative friction drags the pile downward, which makes the axial force of the pile increase obviously. The numerical simulation results verify the feasibility and validity of the test results. The research results of this paper have certain guiding significance for pile foundation design in collapsible loess area.

     

Delineation of Integrated Anomaly with Generative Adversarial Networks and Deep Neural Networks in the Zhaojikou Pb-Zn Ore District,Southeast China

Geochemical maps are of great value in mineral exploration. Integrated geochemical anomaly maps provide comprehensive information about mapping assemblages of element concentrations to possible types of mineralization/ore, but vary depending on expert’s knowledge and experience. This paper aims to test the capability of deep neural networks to delineate integrated anomaly based on a case study of the Zhaojikou Pb-Zn deposit, Southeast China. Three hundred fifty two samples were collected, and ea...     

云蒙山风景区崩塌地质灾害勘查及防治方法探讨

山谷型风景区内的地质灾害治理难度较大,主要是为了最大程度地保护风景区的自然景观与自然资源,其次是由于景区内往往没有宽大的混凝土主路,仅有崎岖小路,治理工作所需的材料及设备运输全靠人工完成,无法采用大型机械设备进行施工,因此,最终的治理方法受到很大限制。根据2015年在云蒙山风景区(南段)开展的地质灾害调查及治理设计工作成果,本文重点介绍危岩体(带)的地质灾害特征及治理措施,并对山谷型自然风景区内的危岩体(带)地质灾害治理措施的合理选择进行探讨。     

矿化剂元素硫（S）与成矿

矿化剂元素硫(S)是绝大多数有色金属矿床成矿矿物中必不可少的组成物质,其对矿床形成的直接控制作用不言而喻。在目前收集到的文献资料中,有关S的研究多集中在示踪成矿流体来源方面,而关于地质体中S初始富集及其在成矿过程中的活动特性对成矿的控制却少有涉及。本科研团队历经十余年,在40多个矿床上对矿化剂元素S与成矿进行了系统研究,结果发现,热液成因矿床均产出在富S地质体中,地质体中S的富集与赋矿围岩同期形成,而且伴生有成矿元素的富集,构成初始矿源,奠定成矿物质基础。热液活动期间,初始矿源中矿化剂元素S及成矿元素发生活化、迁移和再富集,是控制成矿的直接因素。青海野马泉铁多金属矿研究结果证实,试验区灰岩中S的富集与灰岩同期形成,同时伴生有Pb、Zn、Ag、Cu等富集,构成矿源层。后期热液作用主导矿源层中S与成矿元素活化、迁移和再富集是成矿的必要条件,矿源层的沉积环境具有其特殊性。此项研究成果对矿床形成机制研究和矿床地球化学勘查均具有借鉴价值。     

Overview and progress of Chinese geographical human settlement research

Increasing Chinese urbanization and industrialization has prompted greater attention to the study of human settlement and the human-land relationship in the fields of geography, architecture, and urban planning. We used bibliometric methods and statistical software to review 180 articles on human settlement in 16 Chinese geographical journals. We found that Chinese geographical human settlement research is characterized by the following: (1) Most research focuses on human settlement extension, valuation indicators, models for urban and rural settlements, theoretical exploration and the planning practices of single-factor, human settlement and complex, geographical livability in macro-scale, urban settlement differentiation and ideal patterns in medium scale, the comprehensive evaluation of settlement environment, and the planning of community units in micro-scale, community settlements; socio-cultural investigation and warnings about advancing human settlement. (2) No progress has been made in synthesizing and integrating method systems. PSR models and DPSIR models are used for targeting mechanisms, while the standard settlement evaluation system was composed of physical & economic indicators by questionnaire surveys. On the other hand, spatial clustering based on GIS has been a frequent focus in recent years. Pioneering research on human settlement and theoretical systems within the context of China’s urbanization and industrialization will provide guidance on the sustainability of Chinese cities and regions. The following five aspects require greater attention: (1) Natural suitability research on human settlement, and a survey of human settlement demands to reflect the range of different demands concerning ecologically suitable settlements in urban environments, the corresponding valuation indicators, systems, and evolution, and the impact of the residents’ socio-economic attributes. (2) Spatial-temporal evaluation and sustainability research on urban and rural human settlement at various scales, focusing on evolution and spatial differentiation at various scales such as city clusters and comparisons between cities, within the cities and communities. (3) Development of theory and technology for human settlement evolution research, including detection technology and methods, data mining measures, and forecasting and emulation of regional and urban human settlement evolution processes, mechanisms and patterns. (4) Research on the control of human settlement that focuses on optimization, patterns, and policies for effective management and development. (5) Estimating the human settlement system service value and establishing suitable human settlement systems, including social, economic, cultural and ecological service values.     

最大矩阵元及模糊识别法在大区域地下水水质分区中应用

本文应用最大矩阵元与模糊识别相结合的办法,较理想的解决了大区域地下水质量分区问题。该法不仅克服了最大矩阵元法分类的随意性,也克服了其它分类方法中因分类标准(λ值)的不确定性带来的分类困难,并达到了地下水样本分类与质量定级同步完成的目的。     

海南省龙门市幅1:50 000环境地质调查数据集

本数据集为2017年在海南省龙门市幅开展的1：50 000环境地质调查的调查信息、水文地质钻孔、地下水采样及化学成分测试结果,包含机民井点221个,泉点21个,地表水点7个,水文地质钻孔10个,进尺808.77 m,地下水全分析采样点56个。调查点符合规范要求,钻探施工质量可靠,采样过程规范,测试均由符合资质要求的实验室完成,数据质量可靠。数据集可以真实反映该时段龙门市幅水文地质环境地质条件,并依托调查成果,为地方圈定1处地下水后备水源地,可有效缓解季节性缺水问题,为科学合理利用地下水资源提供依据。