Mapping the agricultural land use of the North China Plain in 2002 and 2012

Journal of Geographical Sciences - Based on the MODIS NDVI data and Landsat TM/ETM data of 2002 and 2012, this paper extracts the planting area of winter wheat—summer maize, single spring...     

Spatiotemporal variations of aridity index over the Belt and Road region under the 1.5°C and 2.0°C warming scenarios

Journal of Geographical Sciences - Aridity index reflects the exchanges of energy and water between the land surface and the atmosphere, and its variation can be used to forecast drought and flood...     

Measurement and Comparison of Urban Haze Governance Level and Efficiency based on the DPSIR Model: A Case Study of 31 Cities in North China

In the decisive stage of developing of a moderately prosperous society in all aspects, hazy weather has become a major obstacle to the further advancement of China. Therefore, improving the level and efficiency of haze governance has become essential. Based on the DPSIR model, this paper builds a haze governance level and efficiency index system using the entropy method and the super-efficiency data envelope-analysis (DEA) model to analyze the data for 31 cities in North China from 2007 to 2016. From the aspects of spatial differences and influence factors influencing the comparative analysis, the results are as follows. (1) During the investigation period, the level and efficiency of city haze governance in North China showed a trend of fluctuation and decline, with obvious stages in their characteristics. Haze governance efficiency is much higher than its level, and its mean value reaches the DEA level which indicates that it is effective. (2) A significant regional gradient difference occurs between these two aspects. The haze governance level presents a convex distribution pattern of “east low-middle high-west low”, while the haze governance efficiency presents a concave distribution pattern of “east high-middle low-west high”. (3) The regression results show that economic growth has a negative effect on both haze governance level and efficiency. By contrast, the industrial structure has a positive effect on haze governance level and efficiency, but the significance of its effect on these two is different. On this basis, policy suggestions are proposed for improving the level and efficiency of haze governance in various cities in North China.     

河流过程的累积现象和随机模型

累积现象普遍存在于河流过程中,准确考虑前期水沙条件的累积影响对冲积河流河床演变规律的研究至关重要。为揭示累积现象的物理实质,本文对国内外多条典型冲积河流上枢纽修建后其上下游河道冲淤实测资料进行了分析。定义水沙条件变化为外部扰动,并假定其发生概率符合泊松分布及单个扰动引发的系统反馈强度随时间呈指数衰减。本文运用统计力学中的随机理论给出了冲积河流外部扰动诱发的内部反馈随时间的累积过程及其时空间演进的数学描述和理论模型,并将其应用于枢纽修建后其上下游河道形态时空调整过程的模拟。结果发现,从时间上看,断面垂向、横向及全河段的冲淤调整速率早期较快,之后迅速减缓,河床累积冲刷深度、河宽及河段累积淤积量随时间不断增大直至平衡,表现出典型的累积特性;从空间上看,坝下河段冲刷强度沿程非线性衰减直至消失,这种空间分布上的不平衡是外部扰动引发的系统反馈在空间传播的同时随时间衰减的综合结果,是河流过程累积特性的另一外在表现。模型应用结果表明,河道垂向、横向、纵向及全河段的时空冲淤调整过程均可用归一化公式来描述,计算值与实测值符合较好,相关系数R ²达0.92、0.93、0.76和0.95。本文模型同时考虑了河流过程的累积特性和系统反馈的空间传播特性,可为定量描述扰动后非平衡态河道的时空调整过程提供理论依据和新的计算方法。     

变化环境下中国东南沿海致灾气旋及其人口暴露度研究

本文基于气象观测站的逐日气压、风速和降水量确定致灾气旋阈值,结合区域气候模式COSMO-CLM (CCLM)输出,研究中国东南沿海地区2021—2050年RCP2.6、4.5、8.5情景下致灾气旋的时空变化特征。并采用人口-发展-环境分析模型(PDE),预测共享社会经济路径SSP2下东南沿海地区人口发展趋势,揭示了致灾气旋人口暴露度演变。研究表明:(1) RCP2.6情景,东南沿海地区平均每年发生致灾气旋6.3次,风速和降水量较基准期(1986—2005年)分别增加9%和15%,72%区域致灾气旋人口暴露度有所增加。暴露在超基准期最大影响面积和最强风速下的致灾气旋人口分别增加2.1亿和0.1亿。(2) RCP4.5情景,致灾气旋年均发生7次,风速和降水量较基准期分别上升16%和32%,89%地区致灾气旋暴露人口增加。暴露在超基准期最大影响面积和最强风速下的致灾气旋人口分别增加2.6亿和0.5亿。(3) RCP8.5情景,致灾气旋年均发生5.8次,风速和降水量较基准期分别增加32%和50%,65%区域致灾气旋暴露人口度有所增加。暴露在超基准期最大影响面积和最强风速下的致灾气旋人口分别增加5.7亿和1.9亿。(4)相比RCP2.6,RCP8.5情景致灾气旋风速和降水量高出23%和35%,暴露于超基准期最大影响面积和最强风速的致灾气旋人口分别多3.6亿和1.8亿。控制温室气体浓度对降低致灾气旋的不利影响具有重要意义。     

Numerical simulation of seepage flow field in groundwater source heat pump system and its influence on temperature field

Energy utilization in the aquifers is a new technology closely related to development of heat pump technique. It is significant for the flow distribution to be predicted in the aquifer surrounding the Groundwater Source Heat Pump System （GSHPS）. The authors presented a new concept of ＂flow transfixion＂ by analyzing general features of aquifers, and then discussed interaction of the flow transfixion with the beat transfixion, which has practical significance to projects. A numerical model of groundwater flow was established based on the basic tenets of water-heat transferring in the aquifer. On this basis the flow field and the temperature field of GSHPS for a site in Shenyang City were numerically simulated. The basis of the flow transfixion was obtained; it was discussed for the influence of the flow transfixion on the heat transfixion. To a certain extent, the study offers some reference for the projects＇ design of GSHP in the studied area.     

Improving resolution of gravity data with wavelet analysis and spectral method

Gravity data are the results of gravity force field interaction from all the underground sources. The objects of detection are always submerged in the background field, and thus one of the crucial problems for gravity data interpretation is how to improve the resolution of observed information. The wavelet transform operator has recently been introduced into the domain fields both as a filter and as a powerful source analysis tool. This paper studied the effects of improving resolution of gravity data with wavelet analysis and spectral method, and revealed the geometric characteristics of density heterogeneities described by simple shaped sources. First, the basic theory of the multiscale wavelet analysis and its lifting scheme and spectral method were introduced. With the experimental study on forward simulation of anomalies given by the superposition of six objects and measured data in Songliao plain, Northeast China, the shape, size and depth of the buried objects were estimated in the study. Also, the results were compared with those obtained by conventional techniques, which demonstrated that this method greatly improves the resolution of gravity anomalies. Translated from Progress in Geophysics, 2007, 22(1): 112–120 [译自: 地球物理学进展]     

板状绿柱石晶体的结构测定

自然界中绿柱石晶体多为柱状,具板状晶形的绿柱石非常少见。本文对产于四川雪宝顶云英岩晶洞中的无色透明板状绿柱石进行了精确的结构分析,并与产于阿尔泰山号伟晶岩脉中的柱状绿柱石进行了比较。与阿尔泰柱状绿柱石相比,雪面板状绿石富Ｌi、Ｎａ,ｃ／ａ值较高,为１．００１,属钠－锂绿柱石或“四面体”绿柱石。本文还对这种特殊形貌柱石的形成机制进行了初步讨论,成矿流体中Ｌi的浓度以及Ｓi的化学形态可能是影响柱石忻驳闹     

辽东湾吹填土工程适宜性系统综合评价遥感分区研究

根据区域的TM,SPOT影像所持有的宏观性、概括性强、信息丰富、线性影像特征清晰等特点,判别吹填土区域的范围,并结合野外的实际勘察及相关室内试验的结果,使其发挥成图技术快、质量高、成本低的特点。选择场地环境、工程物理性质、力学性质及固结时间4个二级评价影响因素和相对应的地下水水质、成因组合类型、盐渍化、岩土类型、黏粒含量、液性指标、含水量、孔隙比、内聚力、内摩擦力、压缩系数、压缩模量和固结时间13个一级单因素评价指标,本文采用层次分析法,构建多层次分析结构模型,计算出各评价指标的权重,并通过归一化评价指标,建立辽东湾吹填土工程适宜性遥感分区系统综合评判模型。对辽东湾吹填场地工程适宜性优劣提出分区评价Ⅰ区、Ⅱ区、Ⅲ区,以期能给该区的工程建设以及其他吹填地区的工程适宜性分区提供参考并提高经济效益和社会效益。     

Formation of the Jurassic Changboshan‐Xieniqishan highly fractionated I‐type granites,northeastern China: implication for the partial melting of juvenile crust induced by asthenospheric mantle upwelling

Zircon U–Pb ages, major and trace elements, and Sr, Nd and Hf isotope compositions of the Changboshan‐Xieniqishan (CX) intrusion from the Great Xing'an Range (GXAR), northeastern China, were studied to investigate its derivation, evolution and geodynamic significance. Laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA‐ICP‐MS) zircon U–Pb dating yields an emplacement age of 161 ± 2 Ma for the CX intrusion. Bulk‐rock analyses show that this intrusion is characterized by high SiO₂, Na₂O and K₂O, but low MgO, CaO and P₂O₅. They are enriched in large‐ion lithophile elements and light rare earth elements, with marked Eu anomalies (mostly from 0.36 to 0.65), and depleted in heavy rare earth elements and high field strength elements. Most samples have relatively low (⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr)_i values (0.70423–0.70457), with ε_Nd(t) fluctuating between −0.4 and 2.3. The ε_Hf(t) for zircons varies from 5.4 to 8.7. Sr–Nd isotope modelling results, in combination with young Nd and Hf model ages (760–986 and 549–728 Ma, respectively) and the presence of relict zircons, indicate that the CX intrusion may originate from the partial melting of juvenile crust, with minor contamination of recycled crustal components, and then underwent extensive fractional crystallization of K‐feldspar, plagioclase, biotite, sphene, apatite, zircon and allanite. Considering the widespread presence of granitoids with coeval volcanic rocks, we contend that the CX intrusion formed in an extensional environment related to the upwelling of asthenospheric mantle induced by the subduction of the Palaeo‐Pacific plate, rather than a lithospheric delamination model. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.