我国大雾的气候特征及变化初步解释

为了分析全国范围内大雾的气候特征及变化，利用1950年以来我国气象系统地面观测网679个国家基本（基准）站的大雾天气现象观测资料，分析了我国大雾空间、时间分布的基本气候特征。从整体来看，我国大雾分布呈现东南部多西北部少的特点。在月大雾的日数、月最多大雾日数、大雾季节分布中都显示出北南、西东的地区差异及局地明显的特征。分析表明，我国大部分地区大雾日数呈减少趋势。而浓雾出现的年日数变化不明显；文章对大雾日数的变化原因进行了初步解释。     

一次逼近理论下边坡稳定的模糊随机数值分析

在协调元基础上,通过一次逼近理论,建立随机有限元模型,并通过模糊数学模型实现对边坡体工作状态的软化处理;借助于模糊随机数值方法对荆南长江干堤局部破坏失效进行了较为全面的研究。     

Boreal summer quasi-monthly oscillation in the global tropics

The boreal summer intraseasonal oscillation (ISO) in the global tropics is documented here using a 7-year suite (1998–2004) of satellite measurements. A composite scenario was made of 28 selected events with reference to the oscillation in the eastern equatorial Indian Ocean (EIO), where the oscillation is most regular and its intensity is indicative of the strength of the subsequent northward propagation. The average oscillation period is about 32 days, and this quasi-monthly oscillation (QMO) is primarily confined to the tropical Indian and Pacific Oceans. Topics that were investigated are the partition of convective versus stratiform clouds, the vertical structure of precipitation rates, and the evolution of cloud types during the initial organization and the development of intraseasonal convective anomalies in the central Indian Ocean. During the initiation of the convective anomalies, the stratiform and convective rains have comparable rates; the prevailing cloud type experiences a trimodal evolution from shallow to deep convection, and finally to anvil and extended stratiform clouds. A major northwest/southeast-slanted rainband forms as the equatorial rainfall anomalies reach Sumatra, and the rainband subsequently propagates northeastward into the west Pacific Ocean. The enhanced precipitation in the west Pacific then rapidly traverses the Pacific along the Intertropical Convergence Zone, meanwhile migrating northward to the Philippine Sea. A seesaw teleconnection in rainfall anomalies is found between the southern Bay of Bengal (5–15°N, 80–100°E) and the eastern Pacific (5–15°N, 85–105°W). Local sea-surface temperature (SST)-rainfall anomalies display a negative simultaneous correlation in the off-equatorial regions but a zero correlation (quadrature phase relationship) near the equator. We propose that atmosphere–ocean interaction and the vertical monsoon easterly shear are important contributors to the northeastward propagation component of the intraseasonal rainband. The observed evidence presented here provides critical information for validating the numerical models, and it supports the self-induction mechanism theory for maintenance of the boreal summer ISO.     

ENSO期间赤道太平洋对流活动异常对我国冬季风的影响

利用月平均风场和ＯＬＲ资料,通过ＳＶＤ方法研究了前期６个月,３个月和同期赤道太平洋对流活动异常与我国冬季风场的相互关系,得出：我国冬季环流异常与前期夏季,秋季和同期赤道中太平洋对流活动异常有关,还与同期,前期秋季赤道西太平洋对流活动异常有关,同期的显著区域较大,超前３个月和６个月时显著相关区主要位于长江以南和西北地区,ＥｌＮｉｎｏ年,赤道中太平洋对流活动加强,西太平洋对要位于长江以南和西北地区,Ｅ     

Comparative study on Chinese urban agglomeration districts

ＣＯＭＰＡＲＡＴＩＶＥＳＴＵＤＹＯＮＣＨＩＮＥＳＥＵＲＢＡＮＡＧＧＬＯＭＥＲＡＴＩＯＮＤＩＳＴＲＩＣＴＳＬｉＣｈｅｎｇｇｕ（李诚固）ＨｕａｎｇＹａｎｊｕｎ（黄岩君）ＵｒｂａｎａｎｄＥｎｖｉｒｏｎｍｅｎｔＳｃｉｅｎｃｅＳｃｈｏｌ,ＮｏｒｔｈｅａｓｔＮｏ...     

板桥凹陷古流体势与油气运移聚集史研究

本文从板桥凹陷出发，以古流体势动态地描述了油气运移聚集史。建立和讨论了断层在古流体势数值模拟恢复中的处理方法，对有利油气勘探区进行了级别划分，并指出自生自储油气常分布于高势区域。阐明类似板桥凹陷的年青盆地具沉积压实离心流的特点，水流方向与各期流体势方向基本一致。最后作者预测出板桥凹陷一批有利的勘探区。     

南岭两类不同成因花岗岩中的磷灰石特征

本文对南岭地区燕山期两类不同成因花岗岩(改造型及同熔型)共5个岩体23个人工重砂样品中磷灰石作了较详细的矿物学工作,包括矿物的物理性质、化学成分、稀土元素地球化学特征、红外吸收光谱以及锶同位素特征等。研究结果表明,所研究的两类不同成因花岗岩中的磷灰石标型特征有较明显区别:改造型花岗岩磷灰石为不够完整的六方柱状晶形,相对密度、硬度、红外光谱吸收带某些特征值及其初始~(87)Sr/~(86)Sr比值均稍大(强)于同熔型花岗岩的磷灰石;改造型花岗岩的磷灰石中较富含Mn、REE及F,同熔型磷灰石中较富含Cu、Pb和Cl。文中探讨了磷灰石标型特征的控制因素和形成规律,为其母岩的成因、物质来源提供了矿物学标志和信息。     

Experimental Study of Synthesis Processing System for Rock Acoustical Measurement

The system consists of SYC rock acoustical measurement instrument, microcomputer and single board computer. It is a building block system used in both laboratory and field testing to measure rock acoustical data. In this paper the main performances, the fundamental configuration, the interface technique and software design methods are presented, and measurement result analysis is made. An idea was proposed of the automatic acquisition and processing of test data by means of micro-computer control over the test device.     

边坡工程加固需求度评价及其应用

稳定程度不足的边坡通常都需要进行加固。但在加固系统设计时工程师们必须搞清边坡的哪些部位应进行重点加固 ,哪些部位只需要一般加固 ,甚至不需要加固 ,以便合理地布置加固措施。在工程地质力学综合集成方法论 (EGMS)的基础上 ,作者提出了边坡工程加固需求度 (DRD)的概念及其应用方法。     

A quick cooling event of the East Asian monsoon responding to Heinrich Event 1: Evidence from stalagmite δ18O records

Based on TIMS U-series dating results and annual band counting method, an annual-resolution time scale from 17450 to 14420 aBP has been established for a stalagmite from the Hulu Cave at Tangshan, Nanjing. A high-resolution oxygen isotopic record reveals decadral-centural oscillations in air temperature in the East Asian monsoon climate area during the last glacial maximum. The most conspicuous feature in the oxygen isotopic record in the period is the particular cold event synchronized with the last Heinrich event (H1) in the northern Atlantic deep-sea records. This particular cold event, beginning at 16140 ( 100 aBP, shows a rapid cooling down with a magnitude of 7-8℃ in air temperature within 36 years. Furthermore, (6)18O record demonstrates that the event lasted 790 years with gradually warming tendency (10 cycles of air temperature oscillations) after the remarkable cooling down. We believed that this unique pattern of event recorded in the stalagmite ? 8O might be controlled by various factors including changes of insolation at mid-latitude Northern Hemisphere, the southern extend of the last ice-rafted event in the North Atlantic and changes of the Equatorial Pacific sea surface temperature.