基于空间大数据的教育设施服务能力现状评估研究——以北京市为例

本文首先对公共设施服务能力评估的应用方向和主要方法进行了阐述,并具体介绍了两步移动搜索法。然后以北京市为研究对象,结合教育设施的特点,以实际案例证明了该方法的有效性。研究重点考虑了针对不同研究区域的合理阈值计算模型,可以更好的反映不同区域的教育设施供给变化,对未来教育规划提供依据。     

西藏拉隆穹窿淡色花岗岩中石榴子石矿物学研究及对岩浆-热液过程的指示

为建立淡色花岗岩演化和稀有金属成矿的矿物学指标,本文选取了北喜马拉雅拉隆淡色花岗岩的石榴子石为研究对象,对其开展电子探针分析和矿物原位LA-ICP-MS微量分析,结果表明MnO含量从白云母花岗岩(12.42%~13.48%)到钠长石花岗岩(16.83%~22.09%)逐渐增高,白云母花岗岩石榴子石主要为铁铝榴石,钠长石花岗岩中石榴子石主要为锰铝榴石,其均为典型岩浆成因的石榴子石。石榴子石微量元素结果显示白云母花岗岩和钠长石花岗岩石榴子石稀土均呈现HREE富集、LREE亏损,Eu负异常的特征。从白云母花岗岩到钠长石花岗岩,石榴子石中Zn含量增加,Sc、Y和HREE等元素含量降低,特别是当HREE含量小于1000×10^-6时,稀有金属元素Be、Nb和Ta含量增加,标志着岩浆演化从正岩浆阶段进入了岩浆-热液过渡阶段。形成于岩浆-热液过渡阶段的锰铝榴石可以作为拉隆淡色花岗岩Be-Nb-Ta稀有金属矿化的矿物学指标,此外,石榴子石中Sc、Y和HREE等元素的变化也可以作为淡色花岗岩稀有金属矿化的判别标志。     

基于空间分析与实证的中国农业土地边际收益与全要素生产率研究(英文)

This paper attempts to explore the temporal and spatial nature of the marginal revenue of land, total factor productivity (TFP) change and its three components: technical change (TC), technical efficiency change (TEC) and scale efficiency change (SEC) as seen in Chinese agricultural production from 1995 to 1999. Based on county-level data, the study utilized both stochastic frontier and mapping analyses methods. The results show that growth in the marginal revenue of land was diverse across various regions, where most gain occurred in eastern coastal zone, while loss was in Northwest and North China. China has experienced moderate decreases in annual TFP change (-0.26%) with considerable regional variations. Specifically, the administrative intervention in grain production and the deterioration of the agricultural technology diffusion system led to a moderate drop in annual TFP change. County-level mapping analyses took into account interregional variances in TFP and its components. Regarding components of TFP, TEC differences explain the majority of regional dispersions in TFP. As developed areas in China, the Huang-Huai-Hai region and the Beijing-Tianjin-Tangshan economic zone face the challenges of land conversion and grain security amidst the process of urbanization.     

A Simulation Study on the Extreme Temperature Events of the 20th Century by Using the BCC_AGCM

Extreme temperature events are simulated by using the Beijing Climate Center Atmospheric General Circulation Model (BCC AGCM) in this paper. The model has been run for 136 yr with the observed external forcing data including solar insolation, greenhouse gases, and monthly sea surface temperature (SST). The daily maximum and minimum temperatures are simulated by the model, and 16 indices representing various extreme temperature events are calculated based on these two variables. The results show that the maximum of daily maximum temperature (TXX), maximum of daily minimum (TNX), minimum of daily maximum (TXN), minimum of daily minimum (TNN), warm days (TX90p), warm nights (TN90p), summer days (SU25), tropical nights (TR20), and warm spell duration index (WSDI) have increasing trends during the 20th century in most regions of the world, while the cold days (TX10p), cold nights (TN10p), and cold spell duration index (CSDI) have decreasing trends. The probability density function (PDF) of warm/cold days/nights for three periods of 1881-1950, 1951- 1978, and 1979-2003 is examined. It is found that before 1950, the cold day/night has the largest probability, while for the period of 1979-2003, it has the smallest probability. In contrast to the decreasing trend of cold days/nights, the PDF of warm days/nights exhibits an opposite trend. In addition, the frost days (FD) and ice days (ID) have decreasing trends, the growing season has lengthened, and the diurnal temperature range is getting smaller during the 20th century. A comparison of the above extreme temperature indices between the model output and NCEP data (taken as observation) for 1948-2000 indicates that the mean values and the trends of the simulated indices are close to the observations, and overall there is a high correlation between the simulated indices and the observations. But the simulated trends of FD, ID, growing season length, and diurnal temperature range are not consistent with the observations and their correlations are low or even negative. This indicates that the model is incapable to simulate these four indices although it has captured most indices of the extreme temperature events.     

高校图书馆自动化建设的实践与探讨

在国内自动化、网络化、数字化图书馆飞速发展的今天,图书馆自动化建设是高校图书馆事业发展的必由之路,高校图书馆自动化建设实有其必要性和现实意义。文章试从图书馆建设环境、遇到的问题等方面,探讨我国高校图书馆究竟如何实现图书馆自动化建设,以期有利于指导各高校图书馆的自动化建设。     

青藏高原绕流和爬流的气候学特征

本文利用1951～2008 年NCEP/NCAR 再分析资料, 通过绕流和爬流方程, 将高原附近表层风场分解为绕流分量和爬流分量两部分, 计算出了实际大气中的绕流和爬流运动的强度, 分别探讨它们的气候态特征。结果表明:高原主体年平均绕流场围绕高原地形并在高原西南部(32°N, 75°E)附近产生分支, 分支点下游的高原主体南部和北部分别表现为气旋性和反气旋性流型;年平均的爬流分量场沿喜马拉雅山脉辐散, 高原主体为偏南上坡风, 东北部为偏北上坡风。夏季绕流场为气旋式流型, 中心位于高原中部(35°N, 90°E)附近;秋季绕流场围绕高原地形边缘基本为一个反气旋流型。夏季, 高原主体偏南风爬流与偏北风爬流在高原南北中线附近辐合, 除夏季外, 沿高原南侧喜马拉雅山脉为爬流辐散区。高原主体和高原附近的关键区内, 绕流和爬流存在不同的季节循环特征。从绕流和爬流分解公式出发, 本文详细探讨了表面流场的绕流和爬流运动各分量对地形高度及地形梯度的依赖性:经向绕流与纬向绕流比值、经向爬流与纬向爬流分量比值为仅依赖于地形高度的定常值。年平均的绕流及爬流矢量强度随着所处地形高度的升高而逐步增强;从区域分布的角度而言, 高原附近绕流强于爬流的区域范围较广, 绕流占主导地位。地形纯动力强迫产生的爬流运动与观测资料中高原附近的垂直运动具有很高的位置对应关系, 但冬季和夏季均存在强度上的差异。     

加格达奇滑雪运动初始时间分析

通过对加格达奇1991～2003年10月份逐日温度资料分析．总结了本地适合开展滑雪运动的天气条件出现的初始时间,为开展冰雪旅游活动科学决策提供了气象技术保障。     

东南极格罗夫山地区夏季的天气特征

利用中国南极科学考察队 1 998年 1 2月至 1 999年 1月在东南极格罗夫山地区地质考察期间所获得的天气资料 ,对该地区的温度、雪面温度、风速、风向等天气要素进行了分析。结果表明 :夏季格罗夫地区温度日变化和盛行风向与中山站相类似 ,但温度日较差和强风频率比中山站大。当受来自北方暖湿气流影响时 ,常出现降雪天气 ;在东风气流控制下 ,天气以晴为主     

Non-symmetrical levee breaching processes in a channel bend due to overtopping

A series of experiments were done to reveal the overtopping breaching process of non-cohesive and cohesive levees in a U-bend flume. The flood hydrograph and breaching geometry were measured and analyzed in detail. The results show that the levee breaching processes can be briefly divided into four stages: slope erosion, longitudinal headward gully-cutting, lateral erosion, and relative stabilization. For non-cohesive levees, non-symmetrical lateral development of the breach occurs throughout the four stages, and the final non-symmetrical coefficient is approximately 2.2–2.6. Larger flow discharge or higher water level can accelerate the breaching process, while coarser sands tend to accelerate the process initially but depress the process at the end. The fluvial erosion rate of a non-cohesive breach shows a power-function relation with the excess wall shear stress. For cohesive levees, a plateau forms in the breach partially blocking the flow in the first two stages. The breach flow is approximately perpendicular to the levee body, and, thus, the erosion rates of the two breach sides are almost the same. Non-symmetrical lateral development mainly occurs in the third stage when the deep gully forms. The final non-symmetrical coefficient is approximately 2.7–3.3. It is expected that these findings can provide a valuable experimental dataset and a theoretical basis for breach closure and flood alleviation.     

Velocity structure building and ground motion simulation of the 2014 Ludian <Emphasis Type="Italic">M</Emphasis>s 6.5 Earthquake

This study constructs a 3D velocity structure model of the Ludian region in the Yunnan province, southwestern China, and simulates ground motion propagation of the 2014 Ludian Ms 6.5 earthquake. It aims to construct the local velocity structure of the Ludian region in three dimensions and with high precision. The simulation, using the spectral element method, is validated by field data from the Ludian earthquake records. Thus, it demonstrates that the adopted key parameters, such as the seismic source mechanism, propagation medium and geographical features of the engineering site, are appropriated for the simulation. Meanwhile, the simulation generates the ground motion distribution of the study region with an earthquakeinduced landslide in Ludian earthquake.