富碱斑岩中超镁铁深源包体岩石的矿物学特征

在云南省鹤庆县六合乡富碱斑岩体中找到超镁铁深源岩石包体，这对于研究富碱斑岩的起源和演化及其成岩成矿作用具有重要意义。本文较系统地研究了深源包体岩石的矿物学特征，揭示该深源包体具有原始上地幔岩在地幔条件下受到一定程度富集地幔流体交代作用改造的特征，具有富集地幔低程度部分熔融属性，为富碱斑岩的成岩成矿演化提供了重要的矿物学依据。     

Heterogeneous mantle melting and magmatic processes at the East Pacific Rise (2.6–3.1°S): Evidence from mid-ocean ridge basalt geochemistry and Sr–Nd–Pb isotopes

ABSTRACT

We present the major and trace elements and Sr, Nd, and Pb isotopes in mid-ocean ridge basalts (MORB) from the East Pacific Rise (EPR) at 2.6–3.1°S. These samples are low-K tholeiites and show significant variation in their major element compositions (e.g. 4.60–8.18 wt% MgO, 8.34–12.12 wt% CaO, 9.78–14.25 wt% Fe₂O₃, and 0.06–0.34 K₂O wt%). Trace element abundances of the 2.6–3.1°S MORB are variably depleted (e.g. (La/Sm), _N = 0.51–0.78, Zr/Y = 2.35–3.42, Th/La = 0.035–0.056, and Ce/Yb = 2.38–3.96) but closely resemble the average N-MORB. In the compatible elements (Ni and Cr) against incompatible element Zr plots, the 2.6–3.1°S MORB show well-defined negative correlations, together with a liquid line of descent (LLD) modelling and petrographic observations, implying a significant role of olivine, plagioclase and clinopyroxene fractionation during magma evolution. When compared to global MORB and peridotites, the 2.6–3.1°S MORB and most of the other axial lavas from the South EPR show similar Zn/Fe, Zn/Mn, and Fe/Mn ratios, attesting to a peridotite-dominated mantle lithology. However, the relationships between incompatible trace element ratios, such as Zr/Rb and Nb/Sm, and the negative correlation between Zr/Nb and ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr indicate a geochemically heterogeneous mantle source. The mantle beneath the South EPR likely consists of two components, with the enriched component residing as physically distinct domains (e.g. veins or dikes) in the depleted peridotite matrix. In the Sr–Nd–Pb isotope space, the South EPR MORB lie along the mixing lines between the depleted MORB mantle (DMM) and the ‘C’-like Pukapuka endmember. We infer that low-F melts derived from these enriched materials may cause localized mantle heterogeneity (veins or dikes) via an infiltration process. Subsequent melting of the refertilized mantle may impart an isotopically distinct characteristic to South EPR MORB.     

黑龙江省东部方正断陷内部格局的新认识及沉积-构造演化*

依据黑龙江东部方正断陷新的三维地震资料,重新厘定了其主干断层——伊汉通断层（FZ3）,发现该断层规模明显变大,对断陷的沉积-构造演化具有明显的控制作用。依据对伊汉通断层的新认识和FZ4、FZ5断层的发现,以及FZ6和FZ7断层的特征,确定方正断陷内部结构具有南北向（走向）分段、东西向（横向）分带的特点,并将方正断陷的沉积-构造演化划分成古近纪古新世—始新世的断陷期、始新世末的挤压隆起期、渐新世的差异沉降期和古近纪末期的挤压反转期4个阶段,指出东部凹陷埋藏深、面积大,是方正断陷新的油气勘探领域。     

Energy Evolution Model and Critical Failure Criterion for the Dynamic Process of Tunnel System Instability

The failure criteria and dynamic evolution process of tunnel system deformation and instability have been one of the popular areas in the research field of underground engineering albeit one of the most difficult. The energy evolution model and critical failure criterion of the dynamic process in tunnel system instability are studied in this paper. Based on in situ measurements and the dissipative structure theory, the energy dissipation and dynamic evolution characteristics of the tunnel system instability has been presented. By using the basic laws of thermodynamics, the energy dissipation mechanism of the whole tunnel system has been explored, and an energy evolution model of the tunnel system instability has been established. On this basis, the degree of stability evolution process has been determined depending on the sample size (more than or <3,000). The energy criterion is proposed in accordance with the unstable and failure features of each evaluation stage of the tunnel system. This study has proved that the energy evolution model and critical failure criterion is reasonable and reliable in studying the stability analysis of an overlapped tunnels in Guangzhou metro, China. It also provides a significant guideline for the calculation and analysis of tunnel stability.     

长白山新生代火山岩之下新太古代基底年代学及地球化学特征

对长白山第四系玄武岩覆盖区零星出露的花岗质岩石和片麻岩进行LA-ICPMS锆石U-Pb年龄测定及地球化学分析,结果显示花岗质岩石的年龄为2 509~2 558 Ma;斜长角闪片麻岩的年龄为2 475~2 553 Ma。地球化学特征上,这些岩石均属奥长花岗岩-英云闪长岩-石英闪长岩系列(TTG),稀土元素配分模式图呈右倾型,轻重稀土元素分馏明显(LREE/HREE=3.85~34.48),白云母二长花岗岩具有铕的负异常(δEu=0.41~0.54),富集Rb、K、Th等元素,亏损Nb、Sr、P、Ti等元素;黑云斜长角闪石片麻岩具有铕负异常(δEu=0.67~0.76),富集Rb、K、La、Nd等元素,亏损Th、Nb、Sr、P、Yb等元素;花岗质片麻岩和黑云斜长片麻岩具有铕的弱负-正异常(δEu=0.87~3.3),富集Rb、K、Sr等元素,亏损Nb、Th、P等元素。年代学和地球化学特征与白山地块和和龙地块中的同类岩石基本一致,表明白山地块与和龙地块在晚太古代是同一个陆块(龙岗陆块),二者目前的分布格局是后期北东向左行断裂构造改造的结果。     

Mineralization time and tectonic setting of the Zhengguang Au deposit in the Duobaoshan ore field,Heilongjiang Province,NE China

The Zhengguang deposit, a representative large gold deposit in the Duobaoshan ore field in NE China, is located in the northeast of the Central Asian Orogenic Belt (CAOB). Ore body emplacement was structurally controlled and occurs mainly at the contact zone between the strata of Duobaoshan Formation and an Ordovician diorite stock. The diorite rocks have a close genetic relationship with Au mineralization. Re–Os isotope dating of Au-bearing pyrite yields an isochron age of 506 ± 44 Ma (MSWD = 15). Based on present and previous dating results, it can be concluded that the Zhengguang deposit formed at ~480 Ma. The mineralization time of the Zhengguang deposit is nearly identical to those of the Duobaoshan and Tongshan deposits, indicating they are all derived from the same metallogenic system. The Duobaoshan-style porphyry Cu–Mo mineralization may exist at deeper levels at Zhengguang. The geochemical characteristics of the Zhengguang dioritic rocks presented in this paper are similar to those of bajaitic high-Mg andesite, and the magmas originated from a mantle wedge metasomatized by melts from a subducting oceanic slab at an active continental margin setting. The Ordovician magmatic–metallogenic events in the Duobaoshan ore field were caused by the westward subduction of an oceanic slab located between the Xing’an and Songliao blocks. It is worth pointing out that the Zhengguang deposit is the oldest known Phanerozoic Au deposit in NE China. Further studies of this deposit will improve understanding of the regularity of ore formation and aid mineralization forecast across the Duobaoshan region.     

南极地区冰雪消失对全球大气环流和气候影响的数值模拟

本文利用全球大气环流模式通过数值模拟研究了北半球夏季南极地区冰雪覆盖的消失对大气环流和全球气候影响的过程。结果表明南极冰雪消失不仅影响南半球大气环流异常,而且通过引起热带环流异常如增强东亚季风环流和减弱Walker环流等引起北半球大气环流和我国夏季气候的异常。南极冰雪覆盖的消失将给全球气候带来严重后果。文中也对南极冰雪气候效应的动力学机制进行了讨论。     

Oil source analysis of Upper Tertiary Shawan Formation in Chepaizi area,in the northwest margin of Junggar basin

Well che89, located in the Chepaizi area in the northwest margin of Junggar basin, acquires high production industrial oil flow, which is an important breakthrough in the exploration of the south foreland slope area of Junggar basin. The Chepaizi area is near two hydrocarbon generation depressions of Sikeshu and Shawan, which have sets of hydrocarbon source rock of Carboniferous to Jurassic as well as Upper Tertiary. Geological and geochemical parameters are proper for the accumulation of mixed source crude oil. Carbon isotope, group composition and biomarkers of crude oil in Upper Tertiary of well Che89 show that the features of crude oil in Upper Tertiary Shawan Formation are between that of Permian and Jurassic, some of them are similar to these two, and some are of difference, they should be the mixed source of Permian and Jurassic. Geochemical analysis and geological study show that sand extract of Lower Tertiary Wulunguhe Formation has the same source as the crude oil and sand extract of Upper Tertiary Shawan Formation, but they are not charged in the same period. Oil/gas of Wulunguhe Formation is charged before Upper Tertiary sedimentation, and suffered serious biodegradation and oxidation and rinsing, which provide a proof in another aspect that the crude oil of Upper Tertiary Shawan Formation of well Che89 is not from hydrocarbon source rock of Lower Tertiary.

     

南极长城站地壳和上地幔各向异性分析

利用我国第24次和第25次南极科学考察队于2008年2月—2010年3月南极长城站记录到的地震事件数据进行剪切波分裂研究. 选取近震事件对Sg波进行剪切波分裂计算,结果表明快波偏振方向有两个,分别为北东向和近南北向; 慢波延迟时间的范围为1.45—5.17 ms/km,平均值为3.54 ms/km.同时选取长城站记录到的远震数据SKS波震相进行剪切波分裂计算,得出上地幔快波偏振方向优势取向为北东向, 慢波延迟时间平均值为1.60 s. 剪切波分裂结果显示长城站地区地壳和上地幔具有明显的各向异性, 并显示长城站地区地壳与上地幔快波偏振方向几乎平行,表明壳幔变形的一致关系.另外,地壳和上地幔各向异性的快波偏振方向不仅与长城站附近的海沟方向平行,同时也与绝对板块的运动方向平行.该结果进一步说明了绝对板块的运动是构成上地幔各向异性的主要原因.     

2018年1月江苏3次致灾暴雪成因对比分析

应用常规天气图资料、FY-2E 云顶亮温(TBB)资料、多普勒雷达观测资料和NCEP/NCAR 1°×1°再分析资料,对江苏2018年1月3—4日(简称“01·04”过程)、1月24—25日(简称“01·25”过程)和1月27—28日(简称“01·27”过程)3次暴雪过程进行了对比分析。结果表明：1)3次暴雪过程都是在500 hPa高空槽、中低层切变线、700 hPa西南急流和地面冷空气的共同影响下产生的;暴雪过程中水汽主要来源于中层,降雪期间逆温层结始终存在。2)不同之处是,“01·04”过程中层暖湿气流先形成,水汽条件更好,而后弱冷空气自低层楔入,促使暖湿气流抬升,上升运动发展更为旺盛;“01·25”过程和“01·27”过程低层先形成冷垫,而后中层暖湿气流增强沿冷垫爬升,冷垫更冷,“01·25”过程逆温更强。3)暴雪过程中TBB稳定低值期基本可以反映强降雪时段;“01·04”过程中有弱对流发展,造成降雪强度大。