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251.
河北省含煤面积广,煤类齐全,从晚古生代到新生代共有6个聚煤期,是我国主要产煤省之一,根据河北省煤炭资源特征、开发利用情况,指出目前河北省煤炭工业发展中存在的诸如探采比例失调、新建井基地严重不足、后备资源不足等的问题,以及加强煤炭资源管理的建议。 相似文献
252.
Modeling of rainfall-triggered shallow landslide 总被引:5,自引:3,他引:5
By integrating hydrological modeling with the infinite slope stability analysis, a rainfall-triggered shallow landslide model was developed by Iverson (Water Resour Res 36:1897-1910, 2000). In Iverson’s model, the infiltration capacity is assumed to be equivalent to the saturated hydraulic conductivity for finding pressure heads analytically. However, for general infiltration process, the infiltration capacity should vary with time during the period of rain, and the infiltration rate is significantly related to the variable infiltration capacity. To avoid the unrealistically high pressure heads, Iverson employed the beta-line correction by specifying that the simulated pressure heads cannot exceed those given by the beta line. In this study, the suitability of constant infiltration capacity together with the beta-line correction for hydrological modeling and landslide modeling of hillslope subjected to a rainfall is examined. By amending the boundary condition at ground surface of hillslope in Iverson’s model, the modified Iverson’s model with considering general infiltration process is developed to conduct this examination. The results show that the unrealistically high pressure heads from Iverson’s model occur due to the overestimation of infiltration rate induced from the assumption that the infiltration capacity is identical to the saturated hydraulic conductivity. Considering with the general infiltration process, the modified Iverson’s model gives acceptable results. In addition, even though the beta-line correction is applied, the Iverson’s model still produces greater simulated pressure heads and overestimates soil failure potential as compared with the modified Iverson’s model. Therefore, for assessing rainfall-triggered shallow landslide, the use of constant infiltration capacity together with the beta-line correction needs to be replaced by the consideration of general infiltration process. 相似文献
253.
Yang Liu Alfred T. Anderson Colin J. N. Wilson Andrew M. Davis Ian M. Steele 《Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology》2006,151(1):71-87
Large pyroclastic rhyolites are snapshots of evolving magma bodies, and preserved in their eruptive pyroclasts is a record
of evolution up to the time of eruption. Here we focus on the conditions and processes in the Oruanui magma that erupted at
26.5 ka from Taupo Volcano, New Zealand. The 530 km3 (void-free) of material erupted in the Oruanui event is comparable in size to the Bishop Tuff in California, but differs
in that rhyolitic pumice and glass compositions, although variable, did not change systematically with eruption order. We
measured the concentrations of H2O, CO2 and major and trace elements in zoned phenocrysts and melt inclusions from individual pumice clasts covering the range from
early to late erupted units. We also used cathodoluminescence imaging to infer growth histories of quartz phenocrysts. For
quartz-hosted inclusions, we studied both fully enclosed melt inclusions and reentrants (connecting to host melt through a
small opening). The textures and compositions of inclusions and phenocrysts reflect complex pre-eruptive processes of incomplete
assimilation/partial melting, crystallization differentiation, magma mixing and gas saturation. ‘Restitic’ quartz occurs in
seven of eight pumice clasts studied. Variations in dissolved H2O and CO2 in quartz-hosted melt inclusions reflect gas saturation in the Oruanui magma and crystallization depths of ∼3.5–7 km. Based
on variations of dissolved H2O and CO2 in reentrants, the amount of exsolved gas at the beginning of eruption increased with depth, corresponding to decreasing
density with depth. Pre-eruptive mixing of magma with varying gas content implies variations in magma bulk density that would
have driven convective mixing.
Electronic Supplementary Material Supplementary material is available for this article at and is accessible for authorized users. 相似文献
254.
L.J. Hou M. Liu J.J. Lu S.Y. Xu D.N. Ou Y. Yang D.G. Zheng 《Environmental Geology》2006,49(7):937-945
The influences of exposure to the atmosphere on ammonium cycle in the intertidal surface sediments were in situ studied with
a geochemical approach at a typical station in the Yangtze Estuary during three tidal cycles in September 2003. During an
about 8-h emersion period of each diurnal tide, six high-resolution vertical profiles of adsorbed and dissolved ammonium were
measured. It was observed that both adsorbed and dissolved ammonium generally had an increasing trend in sediment cores during
the exposure. The rate of ammonium regeneration in sediments was estimated using the accumulation amount of ammonium including
adsorbed and soluble fractions during the daytime emersion. The calculation result showed that there was relatively high ammonification
rate (˜500 nmol N cm−3 day−1), which reflected that organic nitrogen in sediments was quickly decomposed with a residence time of ˜52.7 days. Due to the
dramatic temperature difference observed in sediment profiles, free convection was considered an important mechanism of regulating
the efflux of produced ammonium into overlying waters. The total estimated amount of regenerated ammonium was ˜1.35×105 t N year−1 in the intertidal flat of the Yangtze Estuary, which occupied 7.6% of the total inorganic nitrogen annually transported to
the estuarine ecosystem. 相似文献
255.
1 Introduction The Ordos Basin is the second largest sedimentary basin in China. During the last 10 years, a great progress has been achieved in the aspects of tectonic evolution, dynamics process, inner and outer geological processes during Mesozoic-Cen… 相似文献
256.
257.
258.
Geodatabase版本控制原理剖析 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
随着地理信息系统的发展及其应用的不断扩大,多用户并发操作、长事务处理以及历史数据回溯管理成为大型空间数据库的基本要求,ESRI在面向对象地理模型(Geodatabase数据模型)中通过版本控制为空间数据库的上述要求提供了有效的解决方案。本文详细分析了Geodatabase版本控制基本原理,为建立、管理大型空间数据库以及研究开发全新面向对象空间数据库管理系统提供参考。 相似文献
259.
基于高分辨率遥感影像分类的地图更新方法 总被引:10,自引:0,他引:10
提出了一种在对遥感影像分类的基础上进行地图更新的方法,讨论了利用高分辨率遥感影像,通过不同空间分辨率和光谱分辨率的影像进行融合,利用合适的高通滤波对影像进行边缘检测.构建一个三层的MLP分类器对影像进行分类,提取城市建筑物与道路信息.并在此分类基础上通过对现有地图的叠加来实现地图的更新。实验结果表明,基于影像融合,利用较少数量的训练样本也能生成具有较高精度的分类图,利用分类结果图进行地图更新能取得令人满意的效果。 相似文献
260.
东昆仑阿尼玛卿地区古特提斯火山作用和板块构造体系 总被引:37,自引:0,他引:37
东昆仑阿尼玛卿蛇绿岩带标志古特提斯洋关闭后的板块缝合带。在该缝合带及周围识别出4套与洋盆扩张和俯冲作用有关的火山岩,由南至北,分别为洋底玄武岩、岛弧火山岩、弧后盆地玄武岩和后碰撞火山岩。板块构造体系说明洋壳俯冲极性从南向北。已有年代学证据表明:阿尼玛卿洋盆的开启时代至少可以早到晚石炭世(308Ma),洋盆关闭可能在早三叠世;岛弧火山岩的时代为晚二叠世(260Ma);弧后盆地火山岩的时代为早中三叠世;后碰撞火山岩的时代为晚三叠世。三叠纪沿缝合带及其北部形成了一系列巨大的左旋走滑断裂系,包括东昆仑南缘左旋走滑断裂(200~220Ma)、阿尔金断裂的早期走滑剪切断裂系(220~230Ma)以及南祁连南缘巨型左旋走滑断裂(240~250Ma)。认为它们形成于阿尼玛卿古特提斯洋的关闭和斜向碰撞作用,但主要在俯冲板块折返阶段或逆冲岩片的抬升阶段,其时也是后碰撞岩浆活动和火山喷发阶段。 相似文献