专题地理信息数据可靠性评价方法

可靠性评价是说明地理信息数据质量的一种方法。针对专题地理信息数据结构的特点,分析了数据的完整性、可用性、一致性、现势性、正确性等诸多因素。运用模糊数学中的模糊综合评判原理,在"领域专家具备处理地理数据正确性评价这个模糊问题的能力"的前提下,建立了地理实体属性数据、坐标数据、多媒体数据可靠性多层次综合评价的数学模型。该模型保留了专家评价的全部信息,降低了主观评价的武断性;同时简化了人工评价,保证了可靠性评价的可信度。     

Application of Spatial Database in Quantitative Analysis of Litho-Paleogeography—A Case Study of a Middle Ordovician Sequence Interval in the Ordos Basin

In the study of sequence stratigraphy and litho-paleogeography,quantitative analysis,precise calculation and detailed comparison of tremendous geological data,such as field profiles,logging records and seismic curves from different areas,are the basic requirements.In order to obtain a more reliable and precise result,this paper presents a novel method that combines spatial database analysis with the single-factor mapping technology to establish sequence stratigraphical succession and to map the Ordo-vician litho-paleogeography of the Ordos Basin,one of the largest oil-gas bearing basins in North China Platform.By using this method,all of the related basic geological data can be quantitatively analyzed and effectively managed.Various attributes of the ba-sic stratigraphic units and their characters,such as sequence thickness,penecontemporaneous dolostone content,shallow water parget content,and terrigenous material content,can be fully utilized statistically in facies analysis and in mapping.Based on this analysis,this paper has be exerted single-factor isopachous mapping quantitatively for each of the Ordovician sequences in the ba-sin,and finally synthesized multiple factors to reconstruct the litho-paleogeography for each of the sequence intervals.The study shows that the proposed method is quite effective and has a much higher resolution in recognizing litho-paleogeographic subunits compared with traditional ways.For example,in one of the Middle Ordovician sequence intervals(SQ19 in the Lower Majiagou Formation) of the Ordos Basin,the authors have successfully developed a mathematical formula to divide the distribution of various facies units substantially,such as old lands,submarine uplifts,supratidal zones,intertidal zones and subtidal zones.     

导航数字地图的快速显示技术研究

针对车辆导航系统中地图显示问题,本文设计了"LOD层+多层四叉树+R树"三级索引结构,对现有的四叉树分块方式进行了改进,提出了基于多层四叉树空间分块和块内根据R树分包的数据组织方案,有效解决了覆盖多个网格的要素存放问题;提出了多层和多块的数据缓冲区结构,以及相应的数据后台预取和更新策略,提高了教据提取效率.试验结果表明...     

以TCSEC标准为基础对我国政府机关内部网络安全问题的探讨

通过对目前我国政府机关内网安全观念缺失的背景及安全缺陷的分析,提出目前内部网络安全缺陷的几种表现形式,并提出加强网络安全的几点对策和建议。     

Kinematic precise point positioning at remote marine platforms

Precise kinematic differential positioning using the global positioning system (GPS) at a marine platform usually requires a relatively short distance (e.g. <500 km) to a land-based reference station. As an alternative, precise point positioning (PPP) is normally considered free from this limiting requirement. However, due to the prerequisite of network-based satellite products, PPP at a remote marine platform may still be affected by its distance to the reference network. Hence, this paper investigates this scenario by configuring rings of reference stations with different radii centered on a to-be-positioned marine platform. Particularly, we applied ambiguity resolution at a single station to PPP by estimating uncalibrated phase delays (UPDs). We used three rings of reference stations centered on a vessel, with radii of roughly 900, 2,000 and 3,600 km, to determine satellite clocks and UPDs independently. For comparison, we also performed differential positioning based on a single reference station with baseline lengths of about 400, 1,700 and 2,800 km. We demonstrate that, despite the increasing ring-network radius to a few 1,000 km, the overall change in accuracy of the satellite clocks that are used at the vessel is smaller than 0.02 ns, and the RMS values of differences between the three sets of narrow-lane UPD estimates are around 0.05 cycles only. Moreover, the kinematic positioning accuracy of PPP is affected by the increasing ring-network radius, but can still achieve several centimeters after ambiguity resolution when the vessel is over a few 1,000 km away from the ring network, showing better performance than that of differential positioning. Therefore, we propose that ambiguity-fixed PPP can be used at remote marine platforms that support precise oceanographic and geophysical applications in open oceans.     

基于Cesium的WebGIS倾斜三维平台的实现

由于传统的二维GIS平台日渐式微,地理信息技术发展的速度越来越快,需要精度更高、表现力更好的三维GIS平台以及相应的解决方案。本文阐述了以Cesium开源前端库为依托,通过倾斜三维模型作为基础数据,实现三维WebGIS平台建设的解决方案,同时通过实例对三维平台的功能进行说明。     

基于PS-InSAR技术的地表沉降分析

由于传统测量手段对于地表沉降监测不足,PS-InSAR技术具有高空间分辨率和一定程度能克服时间、空间以及大气的影响等优势,因而逐渐成为一种大范围地表沉降监测的主要方法。本文利用PS-InSAR技术,通过SARscape软件对收集到的34幅覆盖日本千叶市地区的ENVISAT ASAR遥感影像进行沉降监测实验。实验结果表明:日本千叶市地区最大累计沉降量为58.965 mm,主要集中在城市地区,并且该地区的沉降和地下矿藏开发有关。     

MODIS和OMI数据评估阅兵期间北京市大气减排成效

卫星观测不仅能反映区域宏观大气污染状况,也能从城市尺度上监测大气污染物的变化。基于以上优势,本文利用MODIS气溶胶光学厚度(AOD)和OMI对流层NO_2垂直柱浓度数据,比较2015年与2012年—2014年以及2015年3个时期(减排前、减排中、减排后)AOD和NO_2柱浓度的变化,定性分析了阅兵期间华北平原地区污染物减排效果,重点定量评估北京市联控减排措施的效果。研究发现2015年减排中华北平原重污染地区AOD和NO_2柱浓度相比于前3年同期有明显降低。定量分析北京市的减排效果得到:2015年减排中较前3年同期而言,AOD降低59%,NO_2柱浓度降低41%;较2015年减排前而言,AOD降低73%,NO_2柱浓度降低30%,去除气象条件影响后,AOD下降43%,NO_2柱浓度下降21%,说明严格的联控减排措施有效地改善了空气质量,气象条件也起到积极的作用。减排措施结束后,AOD和NO_2柱浓度比减排中分别增加159%和71%。研究结果表明,卫星遥感与地基监测评估效果相当,能反映北京地面污染物排放能力;它既能观测区域尺度大气污染变化,又可评估城市尺度大气污染减排。随着卫星技术水平的提高,期望未来卫星遥感可作为一种独立手段来定量评估区域及城市尺度空气质量减排措施的效果。     

《遥感学报》20年:从热点到前沿

为反映《遥感学报》及中国遥感学科近20年的发展趋势,针对《遥感学报》在1997年—2015年期间出版的所有1804篇论文进行了统计分析,给出了国内高校及研究机构的发文量排名和受国家自然科学基金资助的发文情况,并对比了常设栏目和专题栏目的论文发文量及被引用情况。通过比较4个时间段内论文关键词的共现关系,反映出随着新的卫星载荷不断发射,观测技术由单一观测变为多源卫星观测,遥感定量反演模型由简单变得更为复杂,遥感技术应用也由最初的测绘、国土调查等单一应用逐渐变为多学科交叉应用,特别是在近年来国内外社会热点的驱动下,遥感技术已开始在灾害应急、全球变化、大气污染、粮食安全等领域发挥出越来越重要的作用。此外,无论是在当前遥感学科发展还是国家需求的现状下,都迫切需要建立国家级的遥感应用综合信息系统,以提高对环境和资源的宏观调控能力,为中国经济和社会可持续发展战略、布局和趋势预测,为资源管理、环境保护、防灾减灾以及实现资源环境、经济、社会的宏观调控,提供科学的数据和决策支持。     

长距离单历元单频非差北斗网络差分方法

针对北斗卫星导航系统现有的网络差分方法多是基于GPS系统并采用双差定位模型,而双差定位模型的采用使得网络差分方法存在一些缺陷的问题,该文提出一种长距离单历元单频非差北斗网络差分方法;首先长距离北斗基准站网向覆盖区域内的北斗用户提供非差误差改正数;然后用户内插计算出自己所需的非差误差改正数,并改正北斗单频伪距观测值的误差;最后进行单历元单频网络差分定位。实验表明,该方法能够使用单历元单频伪距观测数据实现长距离北斗网络差分定位。