Validation of Sea Level Data in the East Asian Marginal Seas： Comparison between TOPEX／POSEIDON Altimeter and In-Situ Tide Gauges

In an effort to assess the reliability of satellite altimeter systems, the authors conduct a comparative analysis of sea level data that were collected from the TOPEX/POSEIDON (T/P) altimeter and 10 tide gauges (TG) near the satellite passing ground tracks. The analysis is made using datasets collected from marginal sea regions surrounding the Korean Peninsula at T/P cycles of 2 to 230, which correspond to October 1992 to December 1998. Proper treatment of tidal errors is a very critical step in data processing because the study area has very strong tide. When the T/P data are processed, the procedures of Park and Gamberoni (1995) are adapted to reduce errors associated with the tide. When the T/P data are processed in this way, the alias periods of M2, $2, and K1 constituents are found to be 62.1, 58.7, and 173 days repectively. The compatibility of the T/P and TG datasets are examined at various filtering periods.The results indicate that the low-frequency signals of the T/P data can be interpreted more safely with longer filtering periods (such as up to the maximum selected value of 200 days). When RMS errors for the 200-day low-pass filter period are compared with all 10 tidal stations, the values span the range of 2.8 to 6.7 cm. The results of a correlation analysis for this filtering period also show a strong agreement between the T/P and TG datasets across all stations investigated (e.g., p-values consistently less than 0.001). Hence according to the analysis, the conclusion is made that the analysis of surface sea level using satellite altimeter data can be made safely with reasonably extended filtering periods such as 200 days.     

桐柏造山带东段结晶基底杂岩中的大型A型背形及其构造背景

通过对桐柏山东段广水－孝子店一带桐柏杂岩及红安群的构造解析，提出桐柏杂岩中发育－北西－南东走向并向南东倾伏的大型Ａ型背形．利用变形矿物变质温压计估算其形成温度为５３０～６９０℃，压力为０．５２～０．６２ＧＰａ，相当于１８～２２ｋｍ深的中地壳流动壳层．据Ａ型背形不同部位物质运动特点分析，其形成很可能是古元古代晚期华北古板块与杨子古板块碰撞对接造成桐柏杂岩向南东方向侧向挤出的结果     

应力控制技术及其应用综述

概述了应力控制技术的基本原理及其在国内外的应用状况，指出了应力控制技术对于解决深井高地应力岩层的开采与支护问题有独特的作用，及它在我国深井矿山开采中的应用前景，并对其力学机理作了初步探讨。     

新疆气候对地表水资源影响的区域差异性初探

利用单相关、典型相关及逐步回归方法, 分析了新疆气候对地表水资源影响的区域差异性, 得到以下几点新认识:(1) 新疆气候对地表水资源时空变化的影响, 以北疆为最大, 东疆最小, 南疆居中。(2) 揭示了北疆、东疆、南疆气候场对其地表水资源场空间分布特征的主要影响形式。(3) 发现在北疆及东疆, 水文年降水是决定其地表水资源场时空分布特征的主导气候因子, 5~9月平均温度是辅助气候因子, 它通过影响蒸发对地表水资源起减少作用, 但在东疆5~9月平均温度对其地表水资源的影响要比北疆大些。南疆5~9月平均温度是决定其地表水资源场时空分布特征的主导气候因子, 高山区前2年的水文年降水为辅助气候因子, 它通过冰川融水的形式对当年的地表水资源起增加作用。     

A method of calculating the non‐linear seismic response of a building braced with viscoelastic dampers

Buildings are continually subject to dynamic loads, such as wind load, seismic ground motion, and even the load from internal utility machines. The recent trend of constructing more flexible high‐rise buildings underscores the importance of including viscoelastic dampers in building designs. Viscoelastic dampers are used to control the dynamic response of a building. If the seismic design is based only on the linear response spectrum, considerable error may occur when calculating the seismic response of a building; rubber viscoelastic dampers show non‐linear hysteretic damping that is quite different from viscous damping. This study generated a non‐linear response spectrum using a non‐linear oscillator model to simulate a building with viscoelastic dampers installed. The parameters used in the non‐linear damper model were obtained experimentally from dynamic loading tests. The results show that viscoelastic dampers effectively reduce the seismic displacement response of a structure, but transmit more seismic force to the structure, which essentially increases its seismic acceleration response. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

建筑物对城市通风自净能力影响的数值试验

应用城市气候数值模式，分别计算了三栋6层住宅楼和一栋20层住宅楼两类建筑形式影响下的风场，以及在此风场中街道汽车尾气的浓度分布。计算结果表明在总建筑面积基本相同的情况下，高层建筑周围环境的通风自净能力要优于多层建筑。     

坡度阀值与坡面泥石流--以重庆市北碚区为例

通过对重庆市北碚区的 2 1个坡面泥石流的实地调查表明 ,坡度对坡面泥石流发生具有重要控制性作用。在对坡面泥石流流域大量原始坡度进行统计分析后发现 ,各坡面泥石流的坡度分布具有明显的正态分布特征 ,且平均坡度分布具有显著的规律。根据这一分布规律 ,将本区坡面泥石流发生的坡度阀值确定为三类 :第一类的坡面泥石流植被覆盖率高 ,远离居民区 ,人类影响活动微弱 ,坡度阀值为 32 4° ;第二类坡面泥石流无一例外均位于林地结合部 ,森林覆盖率很低 ,人类活动影响十分剧烈 ,坡度阀值为 2 7 3° ;第三类的两条坡面泥石流相邻 ,均位于观音峡峡谷地带 ,它们的发生完全受地形条件的控制 ,坡度阀值为 36 8°。本文从定量的角度阐述了坡度阀值与坡面泥石流发生的关系 ,为生态脆弱区的划分、工程建设、防灾减灾和政府决策提供服务     

On the atmospheric internal ship waves

The analytical solutions of the atmospheric internal ship waves induced by three-dimensional terrain are obtained by solving the atmospheric wave equation. The solutions show that the waves consist of the untrapped and trapped parts. The patterns of the diverging wave and transverse wave in the untrapped parts are mainly determined by the shape and orientation of the terrain. This kind of wave may transport the wave energy to the upper atmosphere. The patterns of trapped lee waves are decided by the atmospheric conditions such as stratification, mean wind speeds and wind shear.     

Petrogenesis of Eclogites in the Light of Punctuated Metamorphic Evolution in Dabie Terrane，China

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