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101.
Zhigang Sun Guofeng Zhu Zhuanxia Zhang Yuanxiao Xu Leilei Yong Qiaozhuo Wan Huiying Ma Liyuan Sang Yuwei Liu 《水文研究》2021,35(3):e14093
Accurately quantifying the evaporation loss of surface water is essential for regional water resources management, especially in arid and semi-arid areas where water resources are already scarce. The long-term monitoring of stable isotopes (δ18O and δ2H) in water can provide a sensitive indicator of water loss by evaporation. In this study, we obtained surface water samples of Shiyang River Basin from April to October between 2017 and 2019. The spatial and temporal characteristics of stable isotopes in surface water show the trend of enrichment in summer, depletion in spring, enrichment in deserts and depletion in mountains. The Local Evaporation Line (LEL) obtained by the regression of δ2H and δ18O in surface water has been defined by the lines: δ2H = 7.61δ18O + 14.58 for mountainous area, δ2H = 4.19δ18O − 17.85 for oasis area, δ2H = 4.08δ18O − 18.92 for desert area. The slope of LEL shows a gradual decrease from mountain to desert, indicating that the evaporation of surface water is gradually increasing. The evaporation loss of stable isotopes in surface water is 24.82% for mountainous area, 32.19% for oasis area, and 70.98% for desert area, respectively. Temperature and air humidity are the main meteorological factors affecting the evaporation loss, and the construction of reservoirs and farmland irrigation are the main man-made factors affecting the evaporation loss. 相似文献
102.
A geochemical study was carried out in a small spa area (Onyang Spa, Korea) where intensive pumping of deep thermal groundwater (1 300 000 m3 year−1) is taking place. This has caused the deep fractures to lose their artesian pressure and the upper shallow fractures have been encroached by shallow, cold waters. To quantify the influence of long‐term heavy pumping on the quality of the geothermal water, groundwater sampling and chemical analysis, water‐level measurement, and well loggings were performed for the selected deep thermal wells and shallow cold wells. Chemical analysis results indicate a big contrast in water chemistry and origins between the two water types. Shallow groundwater shows a wider concentration ranges in solutes that are closely related to human activity, illustrating the water's vulnerability to contamination near the land surface. Plots of water chemistry as a function of fluoride reveal that the quality of the thermal water was greatly influenced by the shallow, cold groundwater and that intensive pumping of the deep thermal groundwater has caused the introduction of shallow groundwater into the deeper fractures. Although the deep and the shallow fractures were piezometrically separated to some extent, a mixing model based on fluoride and nitrate indicated that the cold‐water fractions in the thermal wells are up to 50%. This suggests that the thermal water is faced with water quality degradation by the downward flow of the shallow, cold water. Restriction on the total of all the pumpage permits per unit area is suggested to restore the artesian pressure of the deep thermal aquifer and to prevent cold‐water intrusion in the study area. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
103.
为揭示CO2注入煤岩力学响应特征及机理,回顾了CO2注入煤岩力学性质影响因素、CO2注入对煤岩大分子-孔隙-裂隙结构改造作用和煤岩力学参数的统计模型、理论模型与智能预测模型.结果表明:CO2注入煤岩力学性质受控于煤阶、CO2压力、水分、围压和时间等因素,CO2注入压力的增高、水的加入及时间的延长均会进一步降低煤岩力学性质,而围压对CO2注入力学性能弱化具有一定改善作用.CO2水溶液通过溶胀作用、萃取作用和塑化作用促使煤岩大分子结构重组,通过微晶结构改变、化学溶蚀和非均匀变形改造煤岩孔隙结构,通过化学溶蚀、膨胀应力和化学-应力耦合作用诱发煤岩结构损伤,均不同程度引起煤岩力学性能弱化.在CO2注入煤岩力学参数预测模型中,类Langmuir模型、广延指数模型和修正的粘聚力模型具有明确的物理意义,而智能预测模型具有更高的预测精度,预测准确度可达99%以上.本次研究为科学评价CO2-ECBM安全性和促进深部煤层CO2高效注入奠定了理论基础. 相似文献
104.
随着内蒙古自治区二连盆地群早白垩世陆相沉积煤田的大规模勘查和开发建设,一些大(特)型露天煤矿的边坡工程地质勘察及稳定性分析评价工作也已陆续展开,但由于各勘察施工单位的工作方法不尽一致,给边坡岩体的稳定性评价带来了一定的影响。以盆地群内的胜利煤田东二号露天煤矿、白音华煤田一号露天煤矿工程地质勘察实践为例,对下白垩统巴彦花群煤系软岩边坡工程地质勘察中的软岩强度的界定、岩心采样方法的选择、数字测井成果在解释软弱(夹)层中的应用、钻孔波速测试方法的应用和边坡稳定性随含水率变化的敏感度分析5个方面进行了详细论述,并提出了相应的划分标准与技术方法。此结果可使盆地群中露天煤矿边坡工程地质勘察工作更加合理。 相似文献
105.
华北晚古生代成煤环境与成煤模式多样性研究 总被引:23,自引:2,他引:23
华北晚古生代聚煤盆地存在活动体系成煤环境和废弃体系成煤环境。前者的海相成煤环境主要为泻湖泥炭坪,陆相成煤环境以三角洲平原沼泽意义最大。晚石炭世至晚二叠世,海相为主的成煤环境逐渐被陆相为主的成煤环境所取代,由盆缘到盆内成煤环境总体呈环带状展布。成煤环境差异性影响了成煤特点,这些成煤特点成为识别海、陆相煤层的显著相标志。华北晚古生代聚煤盆地在时间上和空间上存在成煤模式的多样性,以陆表海滨岸成煤模式、废弃碎屑体系成煤模式和浅水三角洲成煤模式为主。 相似文献
106.
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108.
Rheological properties of the crust and upper mantle are essential data that are needed in modelling the mechanical behaviour of the shallow part of the earth. The importance of such data has been seen in discussions about the strength profile of continen… 相似文献
109.
This study focuses on the seismic performance of Ordinary Moment‐Resisting Concrete Frames (OMRCF) designed only for gravity loads. For this purpose, a 3‐story OMRCF was designed in compliance with the minimum design requirements in the American Concrete Institute Building Code ACI 318 (1999). This model frame was a regular structure with flexure‐dominated response. A 1/3‐scale 3‐story model was constructed and tested under quasi‐static reversed cyclic lateral loading. The overall behavior of the OMRCF was quite stable without abrupt strength degradation. The measured base shear strength was larger than the design base shear force for seismic zones 1, 2A and 2B calculated using UBC 1997. Moreover, this study used the capacity spectrum method to evaluate the seismic performance of the frame. The capacity curve was obtained from the experimental results for the specimen and the demand curve was established using the earthquake ground motions recorded at various stations with different soil conditions. Evaluation of the test results shows that the 3‐story OMRCF can resist design seismic loads of zones 1, 2A, 2B, 3 and 4 with soil types SA and SB . For soil type SC , the specimen was satisfactory in seismic zones 1, 2A, 2B and 3. For soil type SD , the OMRCF was only satisfactory for seismic zones 1 and 2A. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
110.
Origin of Mesozoic gold mineralization in South Korea 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
Abstract The Mesozoic gold–silver deposits in South Korea are closely associated with the Mesozoic granitoids. The Jurassic gold–silver deposits can be distinguished from the Cretaceous ones in terms of occurrence, alteration style, gold fineness, associated mineral assemblage, fluid inclusion and stable isotopic compositions. The Jurassic deposits were formed in mesozonal environments related to deep-seated granitoids, whereas the Cretaceous ones were formed in epizonal environments related to shallow-level granitoids. The Jurassic auriferous deposits (about 165–145 Ma) show fluid characteristics typical of an orogenic-type gold deposit, and were probably generated in a compressional regime caused by an orthogonal convergence of the Izanagi oceanic plate into the Asiatic margin. However, strike-slip faults and caldera-related fractures, together with subvolcanic to volcanic activity, may have played an important role in the formation of Cretaceous gold–silver lode deposits (about 110–45 Ma) under a continental arc setting. 相似文献