库姆塔格沙漠"羽毛状沙丘"形态的示量特征

通过卫星照片判读和实地观测,库姆塔格沙漠的“羽毛状沙丘”由两种风沙地貌构成：东北-西南走向的新月形“沙垄”为“羽轴”；垄间分布的波状微起伏的“大沙波”为“羽枝”,“大沙波”与沙垄的夹角为75°～103°。二者组合成类似“羽毛”的风沙地貌。新月形“沙垄”由单个新月形沙丘的前一沙丘的迎风坡与后一沙丘东翼相连构成“沙垄”。组成“沙垄”的新月形沙丘的两翼平均长37．5m,翼间距30～66m,沙丘高3～19m；在所观测区域内,沙丘沙的分选性由南向北变差。新月形“沙垄”长为3～22km,垄间距为1～3km,其问分布浅色和暗色相间的波状微地貌,暗色部分平均宽24．3m,浅色部分的平均宽11．6m。暗色部分表层沙粒的粒径有60%在1．00～0．25mm之间,以暗色矿物为主,而浅色部分表层沙粒的粒径的90%在1．00～0．25mm之间,分选性相对暗色部分较好,以石英等浅色矿物为主。暗色和浅色微地貌成对出现,相对高差约7cm。这种波状微地貌在库姆塔格沙漠中北部重复出现,类似于风沙地貌分类的沙波,暂称其为“大沙波”。     

基于区域竞争力对比的新疆旅游资源开发分析

由于资源赋存、区位优势、基础设施、经济发展等方而存在的地域差异,使不同区域在旅游业发展中有不同的业绩和发展潜力。以20纪90年代以来新疆旅游接待量和旅游收入不断增长但旅游目的地地位明显下降为线索,对比研究了新疆的资源禀赋、开发程度、客源市场竞争态等,并调查分析了东南沿海及港澳台地区游客旅游意愿和赴疆游的客源市场潜力。提出区位条件是新疆在现阶段不可抗拒和短期内难以改变的客观因素,必须在现实基础条件下转变思维方式,宏观上以国内远程市场为目标,建立民俗-湖泊-冰川-草原-古迹-沙漠的旅游开发序位；中观上整合近域特殊地理单元内的同构旅游产品以打造品牌；微观上倡导“旅游体验”为核心的管理模式和开发理念。     

An experimental study of anorthosite dissolution in lunar picritic magmas: Implications for crustal assimilation processes

Experiments characterizing the kinetics of anorthosite dissolution in lunar picritic magmas (very low-Ti, low-Ti, and high-Ti picritic glasses) were conducted at 0.6 GPa and 1250-1400 °C using the dissolution couple method. Reaction between the anorthosite and lunar picritic magmas at 1250-1300 °C produced a spinel + melt layer. Reaction between the anorthosite and an olivine-saturated low-Ti magma at 1250-1300 °C produced a crystal-free region between the spinel + melt layer and the olivine-saturated magma. The anorthosite dissolution experiments conducted at 1400 °C simply dissolved anorthosite and did not result in a crystal-bearing region. The rate of anorthosite dissolution strongly depends on temperature and composition of the reacting melt. Concentration profiles that develop during anorthosite dissolution are nonlinear and extend from the picritic glass compositions to anorthite. These profiles feature a large and continuous variation in melt density and viscosity from the anorthosite-melt interface to the initial picritic magmas. In both the low-Ti and high-Ti magmas the diffusive fluxes of TiO₂, Al₂O₃, and SiO₂ are strongly coupled to the concentration gradients of CaO and FeO. Anorthosite dissolution may play an important role in producing the chemical variability of the lunar picritic magmas, the origin of spinel in the lunar basalts and picritic glasses, and the petrogenesis of the high-Al basalts.     

Effect of some additives on synthesis of zeolite from coal fly ash

Hydrothermal conversion of fly ash into zeolites was conducted and the effects of the addition of sodium halide and waste solutions produced after zeolitization of fly ash, as well as the adjustment of the Si/Al ratio prior to synthesis process on the formation and cation exchange capacity (CEC) of zeolite product were evaluated. Both the addition of NaCl and NaF ameliorated the crystallinity and CEC of synthesized zeolite, but NaF had a better improvement effect. Na⁺ was considered to enhance the crystallization of zeolite, while F⁻ favored the dissolution of fly ash. The type of zeolite formed depended on the Si/Al ratio of the starting material prior to the nucleation and crystallization of zeolite. The adjustment of the Si/Al ratio of fly ash by addition of Na₂SiO₄ and Al(OH)₃ changed the type and CEC of zeolite. Waste solutions contained large amount of Si and little Al due to the formation of a zeolite named NaP1 in zeolite terminology with the Joint Committee of Powder Diffraction Standard (JCPDS) code of 39-0219. The alkalinity decreased largely. As a result, the CEC value of zeolite products synthesized with waste solution as alkali source decreased. The supplementation of new alkali to adjust the alkalinity of waste solution could enhance the CEC of synthesized product. It was concluded that: (1) addition of sodium halide and adjustment of the Si/Al ratio prior to synthesis can improve the quality of zeolite; (2) waste solutions produced following the zeolitization of fly ash can be reused as an alkali source in the activation of fly ash; zero-emission of waste solution in the synthesis of zeolite from fly ash is possible.     

用于砾石夹层钻进的新型PDC钻头的研制与使用

无压浸渍工艺生产的PDC石油钻头钻遇砾石夹层不适应。根据砾石夹层砾石坚硬、软硬互层、非均质、研磨性强的特点，研究了新型PDC钻头，在钻头结构上主要采取外抛内锥带辅助切削齿的结构形式，在复合片上主要采用非平面结合方式，即采用双向多条直槽非平面结合。按此方案设计与生产了3只钻头，分别在3口井试用，直接钻穿砾石夹层馆陶组地层井段，钻井效率提高26%，突破了砾石夹层钻进不能使用PDC钻头的禁区。     

绿色建筑的内涵及其发展的若干思考

随着我国城市化进程的快速推进,大规模的人居环境建设使我国的资源与环境面临巨大的挑战,发展绿色建筑已经成为可持续发展的重大战略问题.文章从可持续发展的角度,指出了绿色建筑的内涵与特征,并归纳了绿色建筑与一般建筑的区别.在此基础上,提出了发展绿色建筑的具体对策.     

地理教学中探究性问题情境的创设

新一轮的课程改革对地理学习过程提出了新的要求。顺应课改要求,本文就地理教学中如何创设探究性问题情境作了初步的探讨,认为创设探究性问题情境应符合“新颖性、开放性、启发性”等要求,根据不同的教材内容、不同的学生情况,应有不同的教学方式,以求取得最佳成效。     

Research progress on international rivers in Asia

With the regional population growth, socioeconomic development, more and more attention has been paid to issues on the shared water allocation and the transboundary eco-security conservation during the development of water resources in the international rivers. In this paper, the existing major problems on transboundary waters in different sub-regions of Asia, such as water shortage, transboundary waters pollution, fragile eco-environment are discussed. Then, the key scientific issues to be concerned in the next study progress on the basis of the analyses of the new research directions and focus fields are raised: (1) unpredicted changes of the hydrologic and water system, and their impacts on the allocation of the sharing waters by global changes; (2) models of the international cooperation on the international rivers on the studies of international and national water laws or regulations, policies, the relative experiences and the case studies; (3) quantificational assessment on environmental flow, available water, and the comprehensive functions and values of the international watercourse system; (4) studies on transboundary aquatic bio-diversity maintenance, transboundary pollution supervision and treatment under the rules and principles accepted by the riparian states; (5) issues on transboundary compensation at the rules of “payments for using”, “payments for harm” and “compensation for benefit”; (6) using advanced 3S techniques to promote the integrated watershed development and management; and so on.     

吉林伊通盆地莫里青断陷古近系双阳组储集层成岩作用研究

古近系双阳组是在吉林省伊通盆地莫里青断陷中，油气赋存的主要层位,储层主要为湖底扇和扇三角洲的砂体。依据双阳组储层的大量薄片、扫描电镜、粘土矿物分析的资料研究了该储集层的成岩作用。研究结果表明双阳组储集层：成岩作用经历了压实、压溶、胶结、交代和溶解6方面的作用。双储集层中的自生粘土矿物蒙皂石向伊利石转化具有明显的特征：主要演化过程经历了蒙皂石渐变带，第一迅速转化带和第二迅速转化带，相应的成岩作用阶段可划分为早成岩阶段B期、晚成岩阶段A1期和晚成岩阶段A2期。依据在垂向上的成岩变化,建立了莫里青断陷双阳组储集层的成岩作用演化序列。在垂向上成岩作用的类型和强度均存在明显的差异，造成了储层物性的垂向分带。     

深部找铀及湘南-桂北地区深部找铀潜景分析

概述了国内外深部找矿的研究成果,指出深部找矿是当今发展的趋势。国内外重大矿产的成功发掘,其深度均在千米以上,铀矿化垂向分布深度可达4 km以上。综合介绍了国内外勘查深大矿床的特点和条件,认为岩石-构造条件是深部矿化定位的重要因素,复式岩体、成矿系统的垂向变化、构造地球物理-地球化学异常模型是深部找矿的关键依据。综述了中国南方湘南—桂北地区深部找铀的有利地质构造条件和潜力,成矿流体是该区铀矿化的根源,白垩—第三纪重大地质事件是该区深部铀成矿的重要前提,重大地质事件引发的NE-NNE,NW向深大断裂及断陷盆地是铀矿化赋存的重要场所和勘查靶区。在已知铀矿田、成矿带勘查范围基础上,在该区进行深部探索将会获得重大突破。探讨了湘南—桂北地区深部找铀的勘查思路和方法。