Formation and evolution of the tertiary carbonate reefs in the Madura Strait Basin of Indonesia

Analysis of 2D seismic data over 4 500 km in length from the Madura Strait Basin in the East Java Sea reveals seismic reflection characteristics of reefs and associated sedimentary bodies, including asymmetrical or symmetrical dome reflections, slope progradational reflections, chaotic reflections and discontinuous strong reflections inside the reef, which onlap the flank of the reef. It is concluded that the developmental paleo-environment of most reefs is mainly conducive to shallow marine carbonate platform facies and platform margin facies, based on well core data, variations in seismic facies and strata thickness. The formation and evolution of all reefs are primarily influenced by the tectonic framework of the Madura Strait Basin. Platform margin reefs are principally controlled by two types of structures: one is a series of E-W trending Paleogene normal faults, and the other is an E-W trending Neogene inversion structures. In addition, wave actions, tidal currents and other ocean currents play an accelerated role in sorting, rounding and redeposition for the accumulation and evolution of reefs. Tertiary reefs in the MSB can be divided into four types: 1) an open platform coral reef of Late Oligocene to Early Miocene, 2) a platform margin coral reef controlled by normal faults in Late Oligocene to Early Miocene, 3) a platform margin Globigerina moundreef controlled by a “hidden” inversion structure in Early Pliocene, and 4) a platform margin Globigerina mound-reef controlled by thrust faults in the early Pliocene. Patterns of the formation and evolution of reefs are also suggested.

     

Water Cooperation Priorities in the Lancang-Mekong River Basin Based on Cooperative Events Since the Mekong River Commission Establishment

The Lancang-Mekong River has attracted much attention from researchers, but the cooperation on water issues in this river basin has been limited, even after the establishment of the Mekong River Commission(MRC). Cooperation on water resources has been determined as one of the key priority areas in the Lancang-Mekong Cooperation Mechanism, but there are no details of targets. In order to establish the priorities of water cooperation under the mechanism, we adopted nine categories to classify the objectives of 87 water cooperation events based on the ‘Lancang-Mekong Water Cooperative Events Database' from 1995 to 2015. Based on the occurrence of cooperative events, cooperative objectives, cooperative scales, and approaches to cooperation, we conducted statistical, correlation, and text analyses. Our analyses indicated the following results: under the impact of economic conditions inside and outside the river basin, full cooperation appeared more difficult than bilateral and multilateral cooperation. Each of the partners adopted different preferences for cooperation targets. Cooperation with more definite objectives was easier to establish than cooperation with broader and more complex objectives. The potential objectives for water cooperation were navigation, hydropower, joint management, data sharing, flood control and water use. Because hydropower development is controversial, and because water cooperation is avoided by most existing regional cooperation mechanisms due to its complexity, we suggest the following priority areas for water cooperation in the Lancang-Mekong River Basin. 1) Navigation and flood control/drought relief are attractive objectives for all the riparian countries across the whole watershed. 2) Data sharing should be a priority for cooperation in the watershed due to its laying the foundation for the equitable and reasonable utilization of transboundary waters. 3) Hydropower is an objective best implemented mainly through bilateral cooperation, and on tributaries.     

基于TCP-InSAR的采动区铁路动态沉降监测与时序分析

为高效获取采动区长时间序列形变,监控煤炭开采对矿区铁路的影响,研究一种基于TCP-InSAR(temporarily coherent point interferometric synthetic aperture radar)的采动区铁路形变监测方法。该方法根据时间序列SAR影像间的相干性,选取临时相干点构建Delaunay三角网,并通过离群值探测去除具有相位模糊度的TCP间的弧段,最后采用最小二乘解算得到区域地表变形。实验使用2016-10～2017-04时间段内的15景Sentinel-1A数据,利用TCP-InSAR技术获得某矿区的铁路形变。结果表明,受采动影响,该时间段内铁路最大下沉值为95mm,最大倾斜坡度为0.37‰。利用TCP-InSAR技术可实现采动区内铁路长时间的动态形变监测。     

基于KiK-net数据的偏振分析方法计算震中方位角影响因素分析

基于日本KiK-net强震动观测记录,以提高计算震中方位角的准确性为目标,研究记录参量(加速度、速度、位移)、计算时间窗和滤波频带对偏振分析方法计算震中方位角结果的影响。结果表明,在该研究的地震数据条件下,采用位移记录、计算时间窗为1s、滤波频带取0.1～20Hz时,可以获得最佳的震中方位角计算结果,震中方位角的计算偏差为45°时所占比例为88%。     

非等间距GM(1,1)模型的总体最小二乘算法及其病态问题

在非等间距GM(1,1)模型中,系数矩阵中有无误差的常数项和有误差的随机项,并且系数矩阵与观测向量误差同源,即系数矩阵与观测向量中有相同的元素存在,这些相同元素应该有相同的改正数,为此本文推导了一种适合非等间距GM(1,1)模型求解的总体最小二乘算法。同时,考虑到非等间距GM(1,1)模型中存在病态问题时影响总体最小二乘计算结果的稳定性,提出对系数矩阵常数列乘以某一常数的方法,以改善病态问题。     

江汉盆地典型二级构造带特征分析

在三维地震资料的基础上,依据构造带划分原则,把江汉盆地构造带划分为三大类,分别为断裂、盐构造及古潜山,共25个,并分别在3个类别中选取一个典型构造带进行讨论研究。     

城市建成环境对居民体力活动的影响 ——以福州市的经验研究为例

利用福州中心城区的社会调查、POI、道路网、用地性质等数据,在社区尺度探究城市建成环境对居民休闲型中高强度体力活动的影响。研究发现：① 低密度土地利用与体力活动时长呈正向关联,功能单一和邻近主干道则对体力活动起到抑制作用。② 体力活动目的地对不同人群具有差异化影响,体育用地和付费运动场所仅能促进中高阶层和中高收入者的体力活动,而周边公共运动设施的丰富程度更具普适性意义。③ 通过纳入运动偏好和单独分析保障房、单位大院及房改房住户达到规避居住自选择的目的,证明上述建成环境特征对体力活动的影响是独立且稳健的。     

日本“3·11”海啸引起的乐清湾共振研究

本文基于TELEMAC-2D模型建立太平洋区域海啸传播模型,模拟2011年日本“3·11”海啸事件下海啸波的传播。使用实测数据对该模型进行验证,在模型验证良好的基础上分析日本“3·11”海啸事件对乐清湾的影响。通过频谱分析得到“3·11”海啸激发的乐清湾内240、180和103 min这3个主导模态的幅值及其相位。通过白噪声实验对乐清湾的固有共振特征进行估算,进一步支持了乐清湾在上述3个模态发生共振这一结论。白噪声实验还表明,海啸等海洋灾害发生时会在乐清湾湾顶及湾口处产生较大的增水,该结论对乐清湾内海洋灾害风险防范具有指导意义。     

基于均一化观测序列的成山头海表温度气候变化特征分析

文中利用加拿大环境部气候研究中心研发的惩罚最大t检验方法,选取均一的邻近气象站为参考站,结合元数据信息,对1960-2017年成山头海洋站海表温度序列进行了均一性检验与订正。利用订正后的海表温度序列对成山头海温气候变化特征进行分析。结果表明,订正前后年平均海表温度趋势发生了明显改变,表现出海温上升趋势较订正前加强的特征,增暖趋势由订正前的0.04℃/10 a上升到0.15℃/10 a,其中最暖的5个年份多发生在1980年以后,分别为1973年、1989年、2002年、2007年和2017年。海表温度总体呈显著上升趋势和明显的年代际波动,20世纪60年代至80年代末为偏冷阶段,之后开始增暖,20世纪90年代至今为偏暖阶段。1960-2017年,成山头的海温突变点在1987年,是一次增暖性突变,与中国大陆的气温突变特征和气温变化阶段性特征非常一致。     

胶州湾潮余流和物质输送之间的关系

基于MIKE21的HD模型,通过模拟得到胶州湾的潮流场,胶州湾在涨急时最大流速1.04m/s,落急时最大流速约为0.96m/s。胶州湾余流总体较小,平均为0.03m/s左右。并在湾内不同位置释放自由粒子,以MIKE21的Particle tracking模型计算出其在潮流作用下的运移轨迹,结果表明粒子大多数运移到湾内近岸区域,少部分在湾口区域附近;在潮流场基础上计算了欧拉余流场,并和粒子运移结果进行对比,表明欧拉余流场在区域流向比较一致时可以表示粒子运动的趋势,为物质迁移、控制污染等方面提供了一定的参考借鉴意义。