岩石三轴压缩实验的强度特性及应用

结合实例对岩石三轴实验数据的一些主要特点和适合应用的领域进行了探讨。结果为:①岩石的三轴抗压、抗剪强度随围压(或深度)的增大而增大。低围压时,呈线性增大;当围压超过某一值后,变为增长率逐渐下降的非线性增大;至更高围压后,抗压强度与围压的应力差、抗剪强度将趋于某一常数。②岩石的单轴强度是强度中的极小值。工程应用中应采用三轴强度,以降低造价、避免浪费。③在现有的各种岩石力学实验方法中,三轴实验得出的凝聚力C和内摩擦角Φ相对最准确。④岩石三轴实验数据在与地学相关的领域内有着广泛的用途。     

张北地震前Morishita播散指数空间演化特征

用Morishita播散指数研究了 1998年 1月 10日河北省张北M6 2地震的发展过程。发现从震前 3年半开始 ,Morishita播散指数异常空间演化经历了两次过程。即 1994年 8月至 1996年 1月 ,在震中周围 (2°× 2°内 )从无异常 ,到震中一侧出现异常 ,发展到异常向震中集中的过程。 1996年 2月至 1998年 1月 9日 ,又经历了无异常 ,到震中一侧出现异常 ,异常向震中发展 ,最后形成包围震中的态势 ,直到发震。Morishita播散指数的空间异常演化特征 ,有可能揭示张北地震的孕震阶段性发展过程 ,并为历史上无强震、且地表构造发育不明显的地区的破坏性地震的预测 ,提供了新思路     

Structure-soil-structure interaction of adjacent buildings subjected to seismic loading

The problem of the through-soil coupling of structures has puzzled the researchers in the field for a long while, especially regarding the varied performance of identical, adjacent buildings in earthquakes. The phenomenon of structure-soil-structure interaction (SSSI) that has often been overlooked is recently being recognized: The possible effects in urban regions are yet to be thoroughly quantified. In this respect, the goal of this work was to rigorously investigate the interacting effects of adjacent buildings in a two-dimensional setting. Detailed finite element models of 5-, 15-, and 30-story structures, realistically designed, were used in forming building clusters on the viscoelastic half-space. Perfectly matched layers were used to properly define the half-space boundaries. The interaction of the structure and the soil medium because of the presence of spatially varying ground motion on the boundary of excavated region was considered. The effects of the foundation material and the distance between adjacent buildings on the structural behavior of the neighboring buildings were investigated using drift ratios and base shear quantities as the engineering demand parameters of interest. The effects of SSSI, first investigated in the frequency domain, was then quantified in the time domain using suites of appropriate ground motions in accordance with the soil conditions, and the results were compared with the counterpart SSI solution of a single building. The results showed that, for identical low-rise structures, the effects of SSSI were negligible. Yet, neglecting SSSI for neighboring closely spaced high-rise structures or building clusters with a large stiffness contrast was shown to lead to a considerable underestimation of the true seismic demands even compared with solutions obtained using the rigid base assumption.     

藏北托纳木地区发现上侏罗统海相油页岩

西藏地区是中国大陆上油气勘探程度最低的含油气大区,近些年来随着研究程度的不断深入,该区油气调查与勘探越来越受到重视,其中中生代羌塘盆地被认为是该区油气资源潜力最大和最有希望取得勘探突破的首选盆地。2004年,笔者参加了由中国地质调查局承担的国家财政部专项计划《青藏高原油气资源战略选区调查与评价》科技工程项目,在羌塘盆地托纳木地区进行1∶5万石油地质调查时,发现了2层深灰色—灰黑色泥岩,经过详细的剖面测制和区域地层对比分析,认为该黑色泥岩产出层位为上侏罗统索瓦组,室内有机地球化学初步分析进一步证实该页岩属油页岩,…     

沉积岩中自生浊沸石的形成、分布及油气意义——以鄂尔多斯盆地中—上三叠统延长组为例

自生浊沸石矿物在以岩屑长石砂岩和长石砂岩为主的陆相湖盆储集层中广泛发育,我国几乎所有含油气盆地都有关于浊沸石砂岩储层的报道,自生浊沸石的特征、分布、成因及油气意义亟需系统总结归纳。笔者等在系统梳理前人成果的基础上,以鄂尔多斯盆地上三叠 统延长组为例,通过野外剖面、岩心薄片、扫描电镜、能谱分析等手段,结合浊沸石成因演化理论模型和鄂尔多斯盆地区域演化史,明确了延长组浊沸石的岩石学特征、成岩演化、成因机制和时空分布规律。发现自生浊沸石是一种容易在低温碱性成岩环境下形成的富钙的水铝硅酸盐胶体矿物,相对密度小、抗压易溶、对成岩环境敏感,在特定条件下可作为成储、成藏过程中的示踪矿物。其次生优质溶蚀相储集层时间上主要处于中成岩期A 阶段,空间上主要受控于物源、沉积相带和邻近的烃源岩及输导体沟通下的成岩流体作用。并基于上述认识,对鄂尔多斯盆地延长组长10的下步勘探评价提供了理论依据和优选了有利目标。     

新丰江水库诱发地震极限深度的实验研究

新丰江水库诱发地震是在什么深度发生的？通过对该水库基底断裂内岩石的三轴实验,获取了该岩石较完整的三轴强度包络线。利用强度理论、孔隙水压力并结合地震资料,对水库诱发地震的极限深度进行研究后得出：①具有诱发地震条件的水库,存在一个诱发空间,若岩体深度超过某一值（极限深度）后,将不再有诱发地震;岩石不同,极限深度也不同;②新丰江水库区的诱发地震,只在约14km深度的岩体内发生,震源深度≥14km的地震,均为普通的构造地震。     

重组藻蓝蛋白与水稻类囊体膜之间光能传递的初步研究

为了研究藻蓝蛋白和高等植物类囊体膜之间的光能传递,本实验将诱导表达的重组藻蓝蛋白和水稻类囊体混合孵育后,检测其77K荧光发射光谱以及类囊体膜的电子传递速率和光化学量子产量,结果表明重组藻蓝蛋白和水稻类囊体膜光系统Ⅰ之间存在能量传递使得光化学量子产量提高.本研究为利用藻胆蛋白构建新型光合系统提供了理论基础和实验依据.     

A new approach for crude oil price prediction based on stream learning

Crude oil is the world's leading fuel, and its prices have a big impact on the global environment, economy as well as oil exploration and exploitation activities. Oil price forecasts are very useful to industries, governments and individuals. Although many methods have been developed for predicting oil prices, it remains one of the most challenging forecasting problems due to the high volatility of oil prices. In this paper, we propose a novel approach for crude oil price prediction based on a new machine learning paradigm called stream learning. The main advantage of our stream learning approach is that the prediction model can capture the changing pattern of oil prices since the model is continuously updated whenever new oil price data are available, with very small constant overhead. To evaluate the forecasting ability of our stream learning model, we compare it with three other popular oil price prediction models. The experiment results show that our stream learning model achieves the highest accuracy in terms of both mean squared prediction error and directional accuracy ratio over a variety of forecast time horizons.     

走向构造地质学健康发展之路——我国构造地质学有关问题及未来发展方向探讨

半个多世纪以来,我国构造地质学教学和科学研究均取得了长足发展,但也出现了一些问题。为了促进学科发展,让构造地质学走上健康发展之路,构造地质与地球动力学专业委员会组织召开了“构造地质学有关问题及未来发展方向”研讨会。本文为该研讨会成果的简要总结,内容包括：(1)构造地质学概念、理论和方法理解和应用中存在的部分问题;(2)构造地质学教学存在的一些问题及建议;(3)构造地质学未来发展方向;(4)走构造地质学健康发展之路。供有关部门和人员参考。     

东秦岭二郎坪弧后盆地双向式俯冲特征

二郎坪弧后盆地是北秦岭早生古代活动大陆边缘沟－弧－盆系统的重要组成部分,现今二郎坪岩群是古弧后盆地的物质残存,记录了盆地演化方式和过程,沉积建造和岩浆作用研究发同,在二郎坪弧后盆地南北两侧各发育一套活动型陆缘沉积体系和一系列府冲型花岗岩,变形构造解析反映出主造山期早期沿弧后盆地两侧各形成一套韧性推覆构造系,并具对冲型几何学样式,为俯冲带典型构造,综合分析表明,弧后盆地在造山早期分别俯冲于南部秦岭古岛弧和北部宽坪古陆之下,具双向式俯冲特征。