深水浊流形成过程的水动力学模拟:以南海北部琼东南盆地浊流形成过程为例

Turbidity currents represent a major agent for sediment transport in lakes, seas and oceans. In particu-lar, they formulate the most significant clastic accumulations in the deep sea, which become many of the world＇s most important hydrocarbon reservoirs. Several boreholes in the Qiongdongnan Basin, the north-western South China Sea, have recently revealed turbidity current deposits as significant hydrocarbon res-ervoirs. However, there are some arguments for the potential provenances. To solve this problem, it is es-sential to delineate their sedimentary processes as well as to evaluate their qualities as reservoir. Numerical simulations have been developed rapidly over the last several years, offering insights into turbidity current behaviors, as geologically significant turbidity currents are difficult to directly investigate due to their large scale and often destructive nature. Combined with the interpretation of the turbidity system based on high-resolution 3D seismic data, the paleotophography is acquired via a back-stripping seismic profile integrated with a borehole, i.e., Well A, in the western Qiongdongnan Basin; then a numerical model is built on the basis of this back-stripped profile. After defining the various turbidity current initial boundary conditions, includ-ing grain size, velocity and sediment concentration, the structures and behaviors of turbidity currents are investigated via numerical simulation software ANSYS FLUENT. Finally, the simulated turbidity deposits are compared with the interpreted sedimentary bodies based on 3D seismic data and the potential provenances of the revealed turbidites by Well A are discussed in details. The simulation results indicate that a sedimen-tary body develops far away from its source with an average grain size of 0.1 mm, i.e., sand-size sediment. Taking into account the location and orientation of the simulated seismic line, the consistence between normal forward simulation results and the revealed cores in Well A indicates that the turbidites should ha     

地面摄影DTM在工程地质中的应用

地面摄影测量用于工程地质是一个新的领域，而把数字化的地面摄影测量资料用于工程地质中是一次大胆的尝试，其结果令人满意。     

利用震源机制解走向判定地震影响场长轴方向

为了评估以震源机制解走向作为影响场长轴方向的适用性,以1970—2020年145个破坏性地震为研究对象,研究各地震的震源机制解走向和极震区长轴方向之间的偏差,发现两者平均差值为17.0°;走滑型、逆断型和正断型地震分别占研究地震总数的56.6%、19.3%和6.2%,其震源机制解走向与极震区长轴方向的平均差值分别为16.4°、16.2°和20.6°;有82.8%的地震的震源机制解走向与极震区长轴走向差值小于30°,说明该方法是可行的。通过统计研究2010—2020年等震线长轴方向明显的50个强震震中附近区域历史强震震源机制解走向与极震区长轴方向差值,结果表明:有13个地震震中30 km范围内有历史强震发生,最近历史强震震源机制解走向与极震区长轴方向差值小于30°的有8个(62%)。如果在距离地震震中30 km以内发生过历史强震,则可以综合考虑距震中最近的历史强震震源机制解走向和活动断裂走向来判定影响场长轴方向。     

光谱指数趋势面的城市地表温度降尺度转换

针对城市及周边区域建造区和自然地表交织分布的特点,探讨了利用归一化植被指数(NDVI)和归一化建造指数(NDBI)构造趋势面的地表温度(LST)降尺度方法,以北京市市区及周边较平坦区域为例实现了LST自960 m向120 m的降尺度转换。分析了LST空间分布特征及NDVI、NDBI对地物的指示性特征;以北京市四至六环为界分析NDVI、NDBI趋势面对地表温度的拟合程度及各自的适用区域;在120 m、240 m、480 m和960 m 4个尺度上评价了NDVI、NDBI和NDVI+NDBI趋势面对LST的拟合程度和趋势面转换函数的尺度效应;对NDVI、NDBI和NDVI NDBI等3种方法的降尺度结果分覆盖类型、分区域对比评价。实验结果表明结合两种光谱指数的NDVI NDBI方法降尺度转换精度有所改善,改善程度取决于地表覆盖类型组合。     

鄂尔多斯盆地东部太原组页岩气吸附特征及影响因素

鄂尔多斯盆地东部太原组在绥德地区发育一套潜在的烃源岩,总有机碳(Total Organic Carbon,TOC)含量为0.75%~5.71%(平均2.75%); 镜质体反射率(R_o)为1.43%~2.12%(平均1.80%),处在高成熟—过成熟阶段,具有很好的生气潜力。为了探讨鄂尔多斯盆地东部太原组泥页岩的吸附特征,选取了研究区SSD1井10个泥页岩样品进行等温吸附、总有机碳含量、镜质体反射率、X-射线衍射和比表面积等测试分析,在此基础上探讨了盆地东部太原组富有机质泥页岩的吸附能力及其影响因素。结果表明: 研究区SSD1井太原组10个泥页岩样品的兰氏体积为1.11~2.41 m³/t,随着压力的增加,吸附能力迅速增加,当达到一定压力后达到饱和; 泥页岩的吸附能力与总有机碳含量和黏土矿物含量有正相关关系; 页岩比表面积与兰氏体积相关性不明显,推测样品孔隙大小及形态对气体的扩散和吸附有一定的影响。综合评价认为,总有机碳含量、黏土矿物含量是影响太原组泥页岩吸附能力的重要因素,这为盆地东部页岩气勘探提供参考。     

Distribution of phytoplankton in the East China Sea and the southern Yellow Sea in spring in relation to environmental variables and dimethylsulfide compounds

The coastal ecosystems are highly sensitive to climate change and are usually influenced by variations in phytoplankton communities and water physiochemical factors. In the present study, the phytoplankton community, chlorophyll a（Chl a） and their relationships with environmental variables and dimethylsulfide（DMS） and dimethylsulfoniopropionate（DMSP） were investigated in spring 2017（March 24 to April 16） in the East China Sea（26.0°–33.0°N, 120.0°–128.0°E） and southern Yellow Sea（31.0°–36.0°N, 12...     

基于熵权法的我国西部地区历史地震灾害等级划分

选取1990—2019年我国西部地区258次破坏性地震事件的灾害损失资料进行空间化处理,以每次地震烈度区的面积、死亡人数、受伤人数、直接经济损失等 4 个灾害损失量为指标,运用熵权法确定各指标的权重系数,划分我国西部地区各市（州）的5个历史地震灾害等级。结果表明,历史地震灾害极重的区域是四川省阿坝藏族羌族自治州、青海省玉树藏族自治州、云南省昭通市、新疆维吾尔自治区和田地区、云南省丽江市、新疆维吾尔自治区喀什地区、新疆维吾尔自治区巴音郭楞蒙古自治州、四川省雅安市、云南省楚雄彝族自治州;历史地震灾害严重的区域是青海省海南藏族自治州、新疆维吾尔自治区克孜勒苏柯尔克孜自治州、青海省甘孜藏族自治州、甘肃省定西市、内蒙古自治区巴彦淖尔市。     

Seismic spatial effects on long-span bridge response in nonstationary inhomogeneous random fields

The long-span bridge response to nonstationary multiple seismic random excitations is investigated using the PEM (pseudo excitation method). This method transforms the nonstationary random response analysis into ordinary direct dynamic analysis, and therefore, the analysis can be solved conveniently using the Newmark, Wilson-θ schemes or the precise integration method. Numerical results of the seismic response for an actual long-span bridge using the proposed PEM are given and compared with the results based on the conventional stationary analysis. From the numerical comparisons, it was found that both the seismic spatial effect and the nonstationary effect are quite important, and that both stationary and nonstationary seismic analysis should pay special attention to the wave passage effect.     

无人机大比例尺航测系统的研制及应用

以无人机作为低空遥感平台,将选择的轻小型量测相机与定制的小型双频高动态GPS进行搭载集成,并自主研制了一种三轴稳定云台装置,可保持无人机航摄时相机姿态的稳定,使获得的航空影像满足大比例尺测图的规范要求。将该系统应用于1：500大比例尺地形图测绘项目,结果表明该系统的成图精度完全可以满足国家航测内业成图规范及城市测量规范要求。