南极国际GPS跟踪站的海潮位移改正

This paper describes the ocean loading tides corrections of GPS stations in Antarctica, such as the Great Wall station and Zhongshan station. Based on the theory of ocean loading tides, the displacement corrections of ocean loading tides on GPS stations in Antarctica are calculated by using the CRS4.0 ocean loading tides model. These corrections are also applied to GPS data processing. The GPS data are analyzed by the GAMIT software with and without these corrections. We compared and analyzed the GPS baseline components to get the differences. The results show that the ocean tidal displacement corrections have obvious effects upon GPS baseline components. Therefore, we should not ignore the ocean loading tides corrections of GPS stations in Antarctica to obtain precise and reliable results.     

Geochemical constraints on the petrogenesis of basalts from eastern Jiangnan orogen, South China

The basalts crop out widely in the eastern part of late Proterozoic Jiangnan orogen. In terms of their petrographical and geochemical characteristics, they can be divided into two distinct types: low- and high-Ti. basalts. They crystallized from the magmas derived from the depleted upper mantle differing in partial melting degree. Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China.     

川西甲基卡地区西康群砂岩地球化学特征及对物源区、构造背景的指示

松潘-甘孜造山带中部大面积分布西康群浊积岩,为一套厚度巨大(2000～3000 m)的泥质碎屑复理石建造,以深海-次深海海底扇沉积为特征.本文通过对甲基卡稀有金属矿集区分布的西康群砂岩进行主量元素、微量元素及粒度分析,从而揭示该区砂岩构造背景和物源属性.研究结果表明,砂岩样品SiO2、CaO、MgO、Al2 O3、Fe...     

2007年云南7次强降水过程的分析研究

应用实测气象资料,结合卫星云图与多普勒雷达图像分析,对2007年7月19日到8月2日云南少有的7次强降水过程进行综合分析,结果表明:高低空的西南急流是重要的影响系统,西南急流的维持为持续性强降水过程提供了水汽、动量和不稳定能量的快速传递,高原切变线与西南急流的有利配置,是7次持续性强降水过程必不可少的条件;持续性强降水出现在500hPa水汽通量大值区和水汽通量散度辐合区;卫星云图上切变云带和副高外围云带在云南汇合,切变云带和副高外围云带维持、加强的过程与强降水落区的时空分布对应较好.多普勒速度图上零速度线长时间维持"S"型,风随高度顺时针旋转,说明高层有持续的暖平流.高低层不同性质的气流配合,有利于强降水产生.     

自动气象站太阳能充放电控制器的研制与应用

在实际工作中发现区域自动气象站蓄电池存在过充电现象.过充电使蓄电池使用寿命严重缩短,导致自动站无法正常运行.通过自行研制的太阳能充放电控制器在端电压达到蓄电池上限值时停止充电,能有效解决蓄电池过充现象,起到保护蓄电池的作用.保护器只用太阳能电池的电能而不用蓄电池的电能,无光照(无须保护)时自动停止工作,最大限度地延长采集器工作时间;控制器可即插即用,无须改动采集器中的任何接线,从而保证了区域站的长期稳定运行.     

Generalized plastic ordinary state-based peridynamic model with shear deformation of geomaterials

Acta Geotechnica - This article aims to propose a generalized plastic model in the ordinary state-based peridynamic framework to study the elastoplastic behaviors of geomaterials, in which the...     

海洋岛海域水温异常波动与养殖栉孔扇贝死亡的关系

本文对海洋岛海域水温异常波动,与该海域养殖栉孔扇贝大批死亡的关系,进行了研究。首先,总结了几年来海洋岛海域养殖栉孔扇贝死亡的特征。其次,结合水温观测数据分析了水温异常波动与栉孔扇贝大批死亡的关系。得出的结论是:大幅度、跳跃型水温异常波动是导致扇贝死亡主要原因。最后,通过生物试验证实了上述观点。     

Predicting rock size distribution in mine blasting using various novel soft computing models based on meta-heuristics and machine learning algorithms

Blasting is well-known as an effective method for fragmenting or moving rock in open-pit mines. To evaluate the quality of blasting, the size of rock distribution is used as a critical criterion in blasting operations. A high percentage of oversized rocks generated by blasting operations can lead to economic and environmental damage. Therefore, this study proposed four novel intelligent models to predict the size of rock distribution in mine blasting in order to optimize blasting parameters, as well as the efficiency of blasting operation in open mines. Accordingly, a nature-inspired algorithm (i.e., firefly algorithm – FFA) and different machine learning algorithms (i.e., gradient boosting machine (GBM), support vector machine (SVM), Gaussian process (GP), and artificial neural network (ANN)) were combined for this aim, abbreviated as FFA-GBM, FFA-SVM, FFA-GP, and FFA-ANN, respectively. Subsequently, predicted results from the abovementioned models were compared with each other using three statistical indicators (e.g., mean absolute error, root-mean-squared error, and correlation coefficient) and color intensity method. For developing and simulating the size of rock in blasting operations, 136 blasting events with their images were collected and analyzed by the Split-Desktop software. In which, 111 events were randomly selected for the development and optimization of the models. Subsequently, the remaining 25 blasting events were applied to confirm the accuracy of the proposed models. Herein, blast design parameters were regarded as input variables to predict the size of rock in blasting operations. Finally, the obtained results revealed that the FFA is a robust optimization algorithm for estimating rock fragmentation in bench blasting. Among the models developed in this study, FFA-GBM provided the highest accuracy in predicting the size of fragmented rocks. The other techniques (i.e., FFA-SVM, FFA-GP, and FFA-ANN) yielded lower computational stability and efficiency. Hence, the FFA-GBM model can be used as a powerful and precise soft computing tool that can be applied to practical engineering cases aiming to improve the quality of blasting and rock fragmentation.     

旧石器遗址强烈化学风化沉积物细粒混合矿物的光释光信号特征及其测年应用

中国南方地区一些旧石器考古遗址的沉积物因遭受强烈化学风化而粒径较细、长石含量低,难以单独提取长石颗粒进行测年。本研究利用从湖南省北部赤山岛枫树嘴旧石器遗址剖面第2、第3和第4考古层位采集的3个沉积物样品中提取的细粒混合矿物,尝试对其红外释光（IRSL）信号进行研究。实验表明,虽然长石IRSL信号很弱,但仍可以测得信噪比足够高的红外激发后高温红外激发释光（post-IR IRSL）信号。与此同时,样品存在明显的红外激发后蓝光释光（post-IR OSL）信号,并且样品的IRSL与post-IR OSL信号均以快组分为主,这为该地区沉积物利用长石光释光信号定年提供了新的可能。鉴于长石IRSL信号较弱,根据剂量恢复实验结果,本研究采用post-IR IRSL SAR法（50℃红外激发后270℃高温红外激发,pIRIR270℃）进行等效剂量测量,同时也应用post-IR OSL SAR法定年进行比较。实验结果表明,细粒混合矿物的pIRIR270℃等效剂量分别为418.8±13.2 Gy、562.3±18.2 Gy和694.8±17.9 Gy,相对应的post-IR OSL SAR等效剂量结果为345.0±29.4 Gy、409.6±33.7 Gy和424.7±32.2 Gy。假设强烈化学风化未对沉积物的剂量率造成很大影响,基于长石pIRIR270℃信号的释光年龄为89±6 ka、118±8 ka和152±9 ka,比前人所得的石英OSL SAR法年龄老30%~55%（约20~55 ka）。通过对比不同测量条件下获得的等效剂量值来评估长石IRSL信号是否存在晒退问题,没有发现长石post-IR IRSL信号存在晒退不完全的证据。根据本研究post-IR IRSL SAR法测年结果,赤山岛枫树嘴旧石器遗址似阿舍利技术类型的石器出现在倒数第二次冰期（MIS 6）后期至末次间冰期（MIS 5）前期,比湖南道县福岩洞现代人类牙齿化石年龄（80~120 ka）稍老。作为似阿舍利技术石器制造者的赤山岛古人与福岩洞现代人的关系将是我国旧石器时代考古学和古人类学研究的一个重要课题。

     

Focal mechanism dependence of static stress triggering of earthquakes

We perform a global statistical investigation into the problem of Coulomb stress triggering of earthquakes by using the Harvard CMT catalogue of shallow earthquakes from 1976 to 2001. We consider ‘earthquake pairs’, i.e., pairs of successive earthquakes occurring near each other with similar focal mechanisms, and address the problem of whether or not the change of the Coulomb failure stress (CFS) produced by the first earthquake of the pair ‘encourages’ the occurrence of the second one. An interesting feature is that such a Coulomb stress-triggering phenomenon has an apparent focal mechanism dependence: for thrust earthquakes, a more evident triggering effect can be observed.