基于三维激光点云的钢结构变形分析

钢结构变形是工程、工业领域常见问题,若变形超过设计允许值,将影响工程的正常实施及工业的正常运转。采用全站仪等传统方式检测钢结构变形,不仅效率低,且难以全面、精确地反映钢结构的空间整体变形情况。本文以一个海上钻井平台钢结构变形为例,介绍采用三维激光扫描仪进行钢结构变形检测分析的方法,通过对外业采集的点云进行滤波、分割处理,并基于钢结构设计模型对三维点云进行拟合处理,根据实测的三维点云与拟合模型进行碰撞分析,即可得到钢结构的空间变形情况。     

Thermal Lithospheric Thickness of the Sichuan Basin and its Geological Implications

Thermal lithospheric thickness is an important parameter in studying the tectonic-thermal evolution of basins and plate dynamics. Based on the measured geothermal data and thermophysical properties of the rocks, the thermal lithospheric thickness of the Sichuan Basin was calculated according to the principles of heat conduction in the crust and lithospheric mantle. The calculation results revealed that the thickness of the thermal lithosphere in the Sichuan Basin is 140–190 km and is unevenly distributed. The thickness of the thermal lithosphere in central Sichuan and southwestern Sichuan is less than 160 km, while that in the western Sichuan depression and eastern Sichuan is larger (~180 km). The distribution of the thermal lithospheric thickness in the basin has a good correlation with the geological units and the thickness of the sedimentary layers. The thickness of the thermal lithosphere in the depression area, which has thick sedimentary layers and the fault-fold zone with shallow crustal deformation and thickening, are larger than that in the basement uplifted area, which has thin sedimentary layers. The calculated thermal lithospheric thickness is in good agreement with the geophysical data and reflects the stable conduction temperature field in the Sichuan Basin. The present thermal regime and thermal lithospheric thickness of the Sichuan Basin indicate that flexural thickening of the lithosphere occurred in the eastern Sichuan fault-fold belt and the Longmen Mountain–Western Sichuan depression foreland basin system, while asthenospheric uplift occurred in the central Sichuan region, which were the result of the expansion of the Xuefeng orogeny from the east and the compression of the Tibetan Plateau from the west.     

Long-term mercury variations in tree rings of the permafrost forest,northeastern China

Science China Earth Sciences - Permafrost is a potential mercury (Hg) pool released by thawing, which can raise the risk of Hg pollution under global warming. Tree rings are useful archives of...     

基于复合多属性决策的点云匹配定位结果准确性评价

激光雷达点云匹配与惯性组合导航技术是高精度定位导航领域研究的热点,匹配定位结果评价的准确性直接影响组合导航定位精度,特别是在室外实际道路场景下,环境复杂,点云误匹配概率较大,只有准确评价匹配定位结果,才能提高组合导航定位精度。因此,对于评价模型的研究具有重要的意义。本文将评价模型的构建抽象为多属性决策问题,采用复合多属性决策算法,识别影响定位结果的因素并进行赋权,定量地评价了定位结果的质量,并利用实际道路数据对模型进行了验证。结果表明,本文算法可靠有效,能够反映实际匹配定位结果质量。     

青藏高原东南缘兰坪—思茅盆地反S型构造属性的古地磁约束

兰坪—思茅(盆地)内部发育的一系列褶皱和逆冲断层组成了显著的弧形构造,其中部呈现反S形构造形态。该地区地壳构造变形方式及其演化过程与青藏高原东南缘地壳物质新生代侧向挤出逃逸密切相关,对其开展地壳构造变形方式的定量分析,具有重要的意义。本文通过兰坪—思茅盆地中部反S形构造区域四条白垩纪红层剖面的岩石磁学和古地磁学研究,获得南涧牛街地区早白垩世LN-a和LN-b剖面的特征剩磁方向分别为D_s=244.7°,I_s=-47.3°,Ks=31.6,α_(95)=16.6°(K_1j~1),和D_s=245.4°,I_s=-46.4°,K_s=52.2,α_(95)=9.4°(K_1n~2),两剖面在99%置信度下通过了Mc Fadden(1990)褶皱检验;小湾镇地区早白垩世NX-a和NX-b剖面(两套地层分属轴向不同的两褶皱)特征剩磁方向分别为D_s=244.9°,I_s=-40.2°,K_s=1067.5,α_(95)=2.3°(K_1j~1)和D_s=182.6°,I_s=-42.1°,K_s=335.2,α_(95)=3.7°(K_1j~2)。结合前人在兰坪—思茅地体中部获得的可靠古地磁数据及青藏高原东南缘区域新生代断裂活动演化过程的分析,指出兰坪—思茅盆地中部弧形反S形构造的形成和演化,以及兰坪—思茅盆地构造区内部差异性旋转变形作用主要受控于新生代时期青藏高原东南缘地壳块体侧向旋转挤出过程中的相互挤压作用和临沧花岗岩基对兰坪—思茅地体侧向顺时针旋转挤出运动的阻挡等一系列构造因素。     

印支地块思茅地区始新统磁倾角偏低现象及其构造意义

对印支地块思茅地区始新世陆相红层进行古地磁研究,获得勐伴剖面特征剩磁方向为Ds=118.2°,Is=22.1°,k=31.6,α95=10.9°;勐腊剖面特征剩磁方向为Ds=47.6°,Is=22.8°,k=20.2,α95=5.9°。其特征剩磁方向与前人研究结果基本一致。利用Hodych等的磁倾角校正方法得到校正磁倾角为28.4°±4.3°,对前人的数据重新进行E/I统计得到的校正磁倾角值为30.7°,置信区间为[25.4°,35.9°],两种不同方法得到了较一致的结果,思茅地区的古近纪磁倾角显示了一定程度的偏低。E/I磁倾角偏低检验方法在应用时存在一定的局限性,变形微弱地层的古地磁学数据适合进行E/I磁倾角偏低校正,以避免倾伏褶皱或差异性旋转变形作用对E/I磁倾角偏低校正的影响。Hodych等提出的磁倾角校正方法是现今比较可靠的磁倾角校正方法。结合前人印支地块的古地磁研究成果,本次研究结果表明印支地块思茅地区自始新世以来相对于华南板块向南滑移量约500km。     

云南怒江河谷新近纪砾石层与堰塞湖相沉积的发现及其意义

作者在怒江道街—惠通桥段考察研究中,填绘了道街盆地的晚新生代地质图,测量了多条河谷横剖面,不仅重新厘定了河谷中拔河150m以下的多级低阶地,而且在拔河180～380m的高度上发现了多级由磨圆良好、成分复杂的厚层冲积砾石层所组成的高阶地,及厚近100m的堰塞湖成因的砂层及其下伏厚约100 m的砾石层.本文采集并测试了低阶...     

卫星导航系统的现状分析和发展趋势

本文主要介绍了当前世界上主要的卫星导航系统，分析了导航系统中存在的隐患及其对卫星导航系统的影响，并提出了相应的解决方案，最后概括了卫星导航系统的未来发展趋势。     

基于控制点的目标地理位置快速自动精校正新方法

提出了一种新的基于控制点的目标地理位置快速自动精校正方法,采用了基于局部最大团的错误控制点检测方法及邻近控制点的校正策略,实现了对目标点的地理位置精校正。     

Regional inequality,spatial spillover effects,and the factors influencing city-level energy-related carbon emissions in China

Data show that carbon emissions are increasing due to human energy consumption associated with economic development. As a result, a great deal of attention has been focused on efforts to reduce this growth in carbon emissions as well as to formulate policies to address and mitigate climate change. Although the majority of previous studies have explored the driving forces underlying Chinese carbon emissions, few have been carried out at the city-level because of the limited availability of relevant energy consumption statistics. Here, we utilize spatial autocorrelation, Markov-chain transitional matrices, a dynamic panel model, and system generalized distance estimation (Sys-GMM) to empirically evaluate the key determinants of carbon emissions at the city-level based on Chinese remote sensing data collected between 1992 and 2013. We also use these data to discuss observed spatial spillover effects taking into account spatiotemporal lag and a range of different geographical and economic weighting matrices. The results of this study suggest that regional discrepancies in city-level carbon emissions have decreased over time, which are consistent with a marked spatial spillover effect, and a ‘club’ agglomeration of high-emissions. The evolution of these patterns also shows obvious path dependence, while the results of panel data analysis reveal the presence of a significant U-shaped relationship between carbon emissions and per capita GDP. Data also show that per capita carbon emissions have increased in concert with economic growth in most cities, and that a high-proportion of secondary industry and extensive investment growth have also exerted significant positive effects on city-level carbon emissions across China. In contrast, rapid population agglomeration, improvements in technology, increasing trade openness, and the accessibility and density of roads have all played a role in inhibiting carbon emissions. Thus, in order to reduce emissions, the Chinese government should legislate to inhibit the effects of factors that promote the release of carbon while at the same time acting to encourage those that mitigate this process. On the basis of the analysis presented in this study, we argue that optimizing industrial structures, streamlining extensive investment, increasing the level of technology, and improving road accessibility are all effective approaches to increase energy savings and reduce carbon emissions across China.