Changes of visceral properties and digestive enzymes in the herbivorous marine teleost Siganus canaliculatus fed on different diets

The rabbitfish Siganus canaliculatus is one of the few cultured herbivorous marine teleosts. To better understand the digestive physiology of this fish and provide data for designing formulated feed using macroalgae as an ingredient, the changes of visceral properties and digestive enzyme activities were investigated after the juveniles were fed on different types of food including raw fish(RF), formulated diet(FD) or macroalgae Enteromorpha prolifra(EP) and Gracilaria lemaneiformis(GL) for eight weeks. The results showed that the hepatosomatic and viscerosomatic indices in the RF and FD groups, as well as the relative intestine length(RIL) in the EP and GL groups, were significantly higher than those in other groups. Additionally, differences in the histological structure of the liver and anterior intestine were also observed among different dietary groups. The hepatic nuclei were displaced to the periphery by lipid inclusions in fish fed RF. The highest levels of mucosal folds were found in the anterior intestines of fish fed macroalgae. Digestive enzyme activity profiles showed obvious fluctuations in the first three weeks, and then leveled off in the following weeks. The levels of protease, lipase and α-amylase in the alimentary tract showed changes related to the levels of dietary protein, lipid and carbohydrate, respectively.Although macroalgae significantly inhibited the activity of protease in the stomach, it increased RIL and the number of mucosal folds in the anterior intestine so as to compensate for the influences on protease activities in the stomach. This study suggests that the digestive tract of rabbitfish can well adapt to different diets, and needs about three weeks to physiologically acclimatize to the nutritional status, thus implying that rabbitfish are somewhat omnivorous.     

大菱鲆三倍体人工诱导条件优化及规模化诱导

大菱鲆(Scophthalmus maximus)是我国重要的海水养殖鱼种,三倍体诱导对其种质改良、产业提升和生态安全具有重要的价值。目前有关大菱鲆三倍体的人工诱导虽已有报道,但对其诱导条件缺乏细致的研究。本文采用冷休克法抑制第二极体排放,通过对诱导处理起始时刻、温度和持续时间3个主要因素的单因子实验,筛选其最佳诱导条件。结果显示,在受精和孵化水温为15.0±0.5℃条件下,受精后6 min,用–2～–1℃处理25 min可获得较好的诱导效果,流式细胞仪检测其诱导率可达100%。随后在最适条件下进行了规模化诱导,获得鱼苗200万尾以上,其诱导率高于98%。跟踪观察发现,三倍体诱导组胚胎的形态及孵化时间与二倍体对照组基本一致。本研究结果可为大菱鲆三倍体的产业化应用提供基础。     

南海北部波浪特征分析

利用南海北部近海区域(20°36.298′N,110°45.433′E)于2012年至2013年的波浪实测资料,统计分析了其波浪特征,为海洋工程建设和波浪能利用提供基本波浪参数。统计结果表明,南海北部年平均有效波高为1.2m,周年平均十分之一部分大波波高为1.5m,年平均周期4.0s,周年最大平均有效波高为4.97m,周年最大平均十分之一部分大波波高为7.34m,常浪向为E向,次常浪向为ENE向。强浪向为E向,次强浪向为ESE向。     

海洋酸度变化下孔石莼对农药硫丹的生态响应研究

硫丹作为一种持久性有机氯农药,其对水生生物的毒性已引起广泛关注。本文以大型海藻孔石莼为材料,探究了海洋酸度变化下硫丹对孔石莼的生态毒理学效应。实验结果表明,低浓度硫丹对孔石莼的生长、光合色素及2种抗氧化酶均有明显的促进效应,50μg/L的硫丹促进效应最为显著,然而随着硫丹浓度的升高或暴露时间的延长,抑制作用明显增强。pH=7.9会促进孔石莼的生长,但会降低藻体内光合色素的含量。低pH环境会进一步加剧硫丹对孔石莼的毒性效应,两者的交互作用在不同时间段发挥不同的主效应。     

湘西南金矿成矿规律与成矿预测研究

湘西南金矿主要有石英大(单)脉型和石英细(网)脉型两类.赋存于新元古界板溪群火山-沉积含金建造中.金矿化严格受脆-韧性剪切带控制.通过地质-遥感成矿特征揭示,表明该区金矿具有较大的找矿潜力.成矿类型除石英脉型金矿外,还应加强破碎带蚀变岩型金矿的找矿研究工作.     

基于GIS的突发疾病预警控制及指挥调度

城市应急联动系统的建立是一个城市管理发展水平的标志。本文以基于GIS的突发疾病预警控制及指挥调度系统为例,讲述了系统的功能及应用等,注重分析系统的功能特点,以及GIS分析方法应用于疾病防治工作中的突出效能。     

夏季日峰降温电力负荷预测灰色模型及其应用

基于2017—2020年石家庄市逐15分钟电力负荷及同期气象资料,计算人体舒适度指标有效温度和温湿指数,考虑基准负荷存在周期性和增长性,提出采用灰色模型GM(1,1)并结合滤波法、相关分析等方法,建立日峰降温电力负荷与人体舒适度指标分段回归模型。结果表明:石家庄电力负荷具有明显的逐年增长趋势;剥离出的日降温负荷曲线呈“W”型分布;分别对模型进行一次、二次和分段函数拟合,对3种预测模型进行检验发现分段函数预测精度较高,平均相对误差在4.8%～5.2%,有效温度和温湿指数的分段函数误差在-10%～10%所占比例分别为88.1%和90.5%;考虑了温度、湿度和风速的有效温度较温湿指数的夏季日峰降温电力负荷预测模型预测准确率更高,回归模型分段点为26.2℃,对电网“迎峰度夏”时期电力调度具有参考价值。     

均匀流中直立圆柱体绕流三维数值模拟

研究直立贯底圆柱体的三维粘性绕流问题。以不可压缩Navier-Stokes方程为控制方程,采用有限体积法和SIMPLE算法,建立了数值模拟方法。考察在不同水平和垂直断面上,圆柱体绕流产生的尾涡和流动速度场的分布特性,成功地数值模拟了直立贯底圆柱体绕流场的三维特性。结果表明,在考虑重力影响的情况下,直立圆柱体周围的流动具有明显的三维特性,而且沿圆柱体轴向不同断面上的尾涡分布是不相同的。     

Reflection and transmission properties of double submerged rectangular blocks

An analytic method is used to study the reflection and transmission coefficients of the double submerged rectangular blocks (DSRBs) in oblique waves. The scattering potentials are obtained by means of the eigenfunction expansion method, and expressions for the reflection and transmission coefficients are determined. The boundary element method is employed to verify the correctness of the present analytical method. The DSRBs have better performance than the single submerged rectangular block (SSRB) in certain cases. The reflection and transmission properties of the DSRBs are investigated for some specific cases, and the influences of the geometric parameters are also presented.     

特大城市郊区建设用地效益比较研究——以天津市11个市郊区县为例

对于特大城市郊区建设用地效益的比较研究,有助于判别不同地区之间发展质量差异性,以此为特大城市区域资源的合理分配与预测提供支撑.本文基于"核心-边缘"理论,在既有建设用地效益评价方法的基础上,构建了兼顾同级别地区(市郊区县)与不同级别地区(市郊区县与中心城区)之间的"横向-纵向"效益特征模型.在对市郊区县之间效益相对优势...