基于开放互操作标准的分布式地理空间模型共享研究

传统的单机环境和封闭式网络环境由于有限的资源利用能力, 难以充分支持分散地学数据、模型等资源的共享与应用集成。基于网络环境的信息交换特点, 提出了分布式地理空间模型共享的服务体系。该体系以数据、模型、元数据等互操作要素为核心, 通过网络将数据、模型等网络节点进行开放式耦合。针对地理空间模型服务的互操作问题, 提出了分布式环境下的模型共享服务交互接口, 该接口定义了模型服务元数据、模型服务的交互操作、模型服务的通讯方式等交互规则, 尽可能地降低模型服务与模型终端之间在数据交换、功能调用等方面的互操作困难。为了降低将模型共享为模型服务的实现难度, 设计和开发了地理空间模型共享平台, 并介绍了在该平台上发布地理空间模型的2种方法。最后介绍了研究成果在Prairie生态模型共享方面的应用实践。     

雷州半岛灯楼角珊瑚礁海区夏季的浮游动物

2004年8月在雷州半岛灯楼角珊瑚礁海区分别使用浅水Ⅰ型和浅水Ⅱ型浮游生物网进行了浮游动物调查,共鉴定浮游动物72种和浮游幼虫19个类群(或类型),其中桡足类的种数最多达45种。结果表明,浮游动物种数分布由近岸往远岸递增,约3/4的种类属于终身浮游生物,1/4属于阶段性浮游生物。中小型的浮游动物种类多,数量大。两种网具采集的浮游动物总种数、总密度、多样性指数、均匀度和中小型优势种的密度差异相当显著,而大型优势种的密度差异不明显。用浅水Ⅱ型网采集的浮游动物总密度平均值为5270ind/m3,是浅水Ⅰ型网的110倍。桡足类占浮游动物总密度的72.45%,其次幼虫占23.41%。浮游动物密度呈斑块状分布,最高达16257ind/m3,底质为珊瑚礁的测站的浮游动物数量一般较多。优势种主要是中小型种类和底栖动物的幼虫,如强额孔雀哲水蚤、蔓足类无节幼虫、细长腹剑水蚤、驼背隆哲水蚤、无节幼虫、双壳类面盘幼虫、桡足幼体、简长腹剑水蚤等。     

The investigation on particulate organic carbon fluxes with disequilibria between thorium-234 and uranium-238 in the Prydz Bay, the Southern Ocean

Dissolved and particulate thorium-234, particulate organic carbon in the upper 150 m of water columns from five stations in the Prydz Bay, the Southern Ocean were determined during the 22nd Chinese National Antarctic Research Expedition （from November 2005 to March 2006 ）. The disequilibria between thorium-234 and its parent uranium-238 in upper layer was used to derive the averaged residence time of thorium-234, which decreased along with the latitude to the south and a minimum value, 1 - 8 d for particulate thorium-234 and 29 - 48 d for dissolved thorium-234, appeared at the medium latitude station, and the export fluxes of thorium-234 were calculated too and ＇a maximum value, 0. 35 -0. 63 Bq/（m^3 · d） for the particulate thorium-234 and 0. 44 -0. 65 Bq/ （m^3 ·d） for the dissolved thorium-234, appeared at the same station. The export fluxes of particulate organic carbon at different water columns were derived by two methods with irreversible scavenging model, and the averaged values were 104. 7 mmol/ （ m2 · d ） （ E method） and 120. 6 mmol/（ m2·d ） （ B method ）, respectively, indicating that a relatively high new production would exist in summer in the Prydz Bay where it will play a potential significant role in sequestering the absorption CO2 to deeper ocean.     

海南近海野生鞍带石斑鱼群体遗传多样性的RAPD分析

用RAPD技术分析海南近海野生鞍带石斑鱼群体的遗传多样性,从48个随机引物中筛选出20个引物对鞍带石斑鱼的DNA进行扩增,结果共检测出131个位点,其多态位点比例(P)为48.09%;利用RAPDdistance1.04软件获得海南野生鞍带石斑鱼群体21个个体间的遗传距离矩阵,依此计算出个体间平均遗传距离(D)为0.2650,个体间平均遗传相似系数(S)为0.7350;利用POPGENE1.3软件计算出Shannon遗传多样性指数(H0)为0.2266;与其他种类的石斑鱼群体的RAPD分析结果比较可知,海南近海野生鞍带石斑鱼群体仍保持着较丰富的遗传多样性.因此在海南发展鞍带石斑鱼的养殖业,可以选择海南近海的野生鞍带石斑鱼作为亲本进行人工繁殖,但应采取一些有效的保护措施,以避免遗传多样性的丧失.     

海洋水色遥感图像伪彩化方法的研究

分析了国内外有关信息伪彩化应用的研究现状后认为:海洋水色遥感图像的伪彩化应该是基于任务的,也只有基于任务的伪彩化才能保证伪彩化结果的准确性。基于任务的伪彩化要求必须从伪彩化相关的3个对象(信息、色彩与用户)所具有的特点出发,确定有针对性的伪彩化实现方案。在综合考虑了伪彩化3个对象的特点后,提出海洋水色遥感图像的伪彩化可以分3种方案进行伪彩化设计,每种方案都有自己的针对性、使用范围及局限性。方案1是针对对海洋信息作定量分析而提出来的,主要用于揭示海洋信息中的高频快变成分,同时兼顾揭示信息中的低频成分,被分析信息的波动幅度不大。方案2是针对对海洋信息作定性分析而提出的,不强求对信息量的准确量化,更多关心的是海洋信息相互间的关系,因此要求色标具有很高的信息表现力。方案3是方案1及方案2的补充,方案1具有定量能力,但总色差较小,对信息的解析能力有限,方案2虽然有较大的总色差,具有较好的解析能力,但只有定性能力,方案3将在保持局部区域的定量特点外,扩大整体的总色差。在伪彩化或可视化设计中,主要是关心数据信息中最引人注意的部分也即突出最重要的部分,在大多数情况下,用户对数据信息的低端及高端更感兴趣,这也是方案3中双反色调色板设计及使用的基础。3种方案的针对性设计将方便伪彩化在水色遥感信息分析中的准确、快捷使用。文章最后通过例子证明,在对海洋水色遥感信息的分析和研究中,选择3个方案中的1种或几种作适当的调整,海洋水色遥感信息可以得到较好的诠释。     

二次土地调查中部分技术问题解决方法的探讨

通过土地利用更新调查与第二次土地调查在调查技术手段方面存在的主要差异对比,发现影像套合会使调查结果产生严重的误差。结合这几年从事土地利用更新调查工作经验,提出了差分校正法,不仅有效地解决了影像套合所带来的误差,还缩短了工作周期,提高了效率。     

珠江口盆地珠三坳陷层序地层样式分析

珠江口盆地珠三坳陷是一个典型的箕状断陷盆地,其层序地层格架受到主干断裂特别是珠三南断裂的强烈控制。由于珠三南断裂活动的差异性,盆地东部、中部和西部表现为不同的格架样式。并据此划分出坳陷内的3种典型层序样式,分别是缓坡型、断控陡坡型和断阶型层序样式。文昌A凹陷与阳江低凸起过渡的斜坡区和文昌B凹陷与琼海低凸起过渡区为具有坡折的缓坡背景,发育缓坡坡折型层序样式,发育斜坡扇、盆底扇、低位楔。珠三南断裂等主干断裂下降盘发育断控陡坡带层序样式,在珠三南断裂中部地区,发育断阶型层序样式。     

Denitrification in Qi'ao Island coastal zone, the Zhujiang Estuary in China

Samples of sediments and the overlying water were collected in the Qi'ao Island coastal zone, the Zhujiang (Pearl River) Estuary (ZE). Denitrification rates, sediment oxygen demand (SOD) , and fluxes of inorganic nitrogen compounds were investigated with N2 flux method, using a self-designed continuous flow through and auto-sampling system. The results indicate that the denitrification rates varied between 222 and 908 μmol/(m2·h) with an average of 499 μmol/(m2·h). During incubation, the sediments absorbed dissolved oxygen in the overlying water with SOD ranging from 300 to 2 363 μmol/(m2·h). The denitrification rates were highly correlated with the SOD (r2 =0.77) regardless of the NO3- + NO2- concentrations in the overlying water, organ- ic carbon contents in sediments and water temperature, suggesting that the SOD was probably the main environ-mental factor controlling the denitrification in the Qi'ao Island coastal zone. There was a net flux of NO3- + NO2-into the sediments from the overlying water. The NH4+ flux from sediments into water as the result of mineraliza-tion was between 12. 3 and 210. 3 μmol/(m2·h) ,which seems limited by both organic carbon content in sedi-ment and dissolved oxygen concentration in the overlying water.     

The mapping methods and division of tectonic units of the regional tectonic map in the eastern China seas and adjacent regions

The geological-geophysical map series of the eastern China seas and adjacent region (1:1 000 000) will be published in the late half year of 2009. The regional tectonic map is one of the main professional maps. The Mapping methods, the division method of geological tectonic units and the main geological tectonic units are mainly discussed. The strata from Pliocene to Holocene are peeled off so as to display the Pre-Pliocene structures. In basins, isopaches are drawn for the Cenozoic deposits. The plate tectonic theory and present tectonic pattern are adopted as the priorities in tectonic division. As to the division of intraplate tectonic units, it is a revision, complement and improvement of previous dividing systems, and the nomenclature for each tectonic unit follows the current system in China. The first-order tectonic unit is plate (Pacific Plate, Eurasian Plate and Philippine Sea Plate). The second-order tectonic unit is tectonic domain (East Asian continental tectonic domain,East Asian continental margin tectonic domain and west Pacific tectonic domain). The Philippine Sea Plate and the west part of the Pacific Plate are called the West Pacific tectonic domain. The part of the Eurasian Plate involved in this study area can be further divided into East Asian continental tectonic domain and East Asian continental margin tectonic domain. The East Asian continental margin domain is composed of the Ryukyu island arc, the Okinawa Trough back-arc basin and the back-arc basin of Sea of Japan. The East Asian continental tectonic domain in this study area is composed of the Sino-Korea Massif, the Changjiang River (Yangtze) Massif and South China Massif. In turn, these massifs consist of basins, folded belts or uplift zones. The basins,the folded belts or the uplift zones are further divided into uplifts and depressions made up of sags and swells.     

Growth of marine bacteria and ammonium regeneration from substrates in different C: N ratios

Natural assemblages of marine bacteria were chosen in a batch culture experiments. The impact of varying nitrogen substrate concentrations and the substrate C:N ratios (C:N_S) on the bacterial C:N ratio (C:N_B), the bacterial growth efficiency (BGE) and ammonium regeneration was mainly examined. The C:N_S ratios varied from 5:1 (carbon limitation) to 40:1 (nitrogen limitation) with varying combinations of glucose and NO₃^-. The C:N_B ratio had positive relationship with the C:N_S ratio (r=0.93, n=8), whose value was 3.77 when the C:N_S ratio was 5:1 but increased to 6.47 when the C:NS ratio was 40:1. These results indicate that the C:N_B ratio is a potential diagnostic tool for determining the bacterial growth in natural waters controlled by either, carbon or nitrogen. BGE decreased with the declining nitrate concentration and negatively related to C:N_s (r=-0.51, n=8). The average value of BGE was 0.20. This value was a little lower than other reports, which could be induced by the nitrogen source used in our experiments. Finally, regeneration time of ammonium delayed with the increasing C:N_S ratio, which indicates that there were different metabolism mechanisms when bacterial growth was limited by carbon source and nitrogen source.