荧光显微镜细菌计数方法研究

介绍了细菌荧光显微镜直接计数法的基本原理、仪器设备、分析和计算方法,并对水样过滤操作方法作了一些改进。大量实验数据表明改进的操作方法对实验结果不会产生影响,更加利于对海洋微生物指标的监测。     

Reconstruction of eddies by assimilating satellite altimeter data into Princeton Ocean Model

An optimal interpolation assimilation model for satellite altimetry data is developed based on Princeton Ocean Model (POM), which is applied in a quasi-global domain, by the method of isotropic correlation between sea level anomaly (SLA) and sea temperature anomaly. The perfor- mance of this assimilation model is validated by the modeled results of SLA and the current patterns. Comparisons between modeling and satellite data show that both the magnitudes and distribution patterns of the simulated SLA are improved by assimilation. The most signiˉcant improvement is that meso-scale systems, e.g., eddies, are well reconstructed. The evolution of an eddy located in the northwest Paciˉc Ocean is traced by using the assimilation model. Model results show that during three months the eddy migrated southwestward for about 6 degrees before merging into the Kuroshio. The three dimensional structure of this eddy on 12 August 2001 is further analyzed. The strength of this warm, cyclonic eddy decreases with the increase of depth. The eddy shows di?erent horizontal patterns at di?erent layers, and the SLA and temperature ˉelds agree with each other well. This study suggests that this kind of data assimilation is economic and reliable for eddy reconstruction, and can be used as a promising technique in further studies of ocean eddies as well as other ˉne circulation structures.     

低聚羧甲基壳聚糖的抗氧化性能

将低聚壳聚糖(chitosan oligosaccharide,COS)醚化得到O-羧甲基壳聚糖(O-carboxymethyl chito-sanolig osaccharide,O-CMCOS)和N-羧甲基壳聚糖(N-carboxymethyl chitosanolig osaccharide,N-CMCOS),其取代度(substituting degree,DS)均为0.54,用红外光谱对其结构进行表征。同时,考察了其结构对超氧阴离子的清除活性以及还原能力。结果表明,COS及其衍生物清除超氧阴离子的活性及还原能力的强弱顺序均为:O-CMCOSCOSN-CMCOS。     

南沙群岛电子地图及其多媒体模式研究

近十年来随着高新技术发展应运而生的电子地图,具有信息丰富、直观易读、更新方便、使用灵活等优点。本文对南沙群岛中多国领土之争的大片航行危险区与他国非法侵占地、且自然条件复杂与调研程度不断深入的地区,进行了制作电子地图的科学依据和实际意义的论述。同时指出电子地图多媒体在该海域应用的前景与作用。     

南大西洋沉积物中多环芳香化合物的组成特征研究

10 samples of sediments obtained from the South Mid-Atlantic Ridge were measured for the abundances and distributions of polycyclic aromatic compounds(PAHs). The total concentrations of PAHs(∑PAHs) ranged from 2.768 to 9.826 μg/g dry sediment. The ∑PAHs was higher in sample 22V-TVG10 and sample 26V-TVG05 which were close to hydrothermal fields, with the lowest value in sample 22V-TVG14 which was farthest from hydrothermal fields, suggesting a probable hydrothermal origin of ∑PAHs of samples. Approximately nine kinds of PAHs were identified, and low molecular mass tricyclic and tetracyclic aromatic compounds were predominant in the samples. The concentrations of fluoranthene which were typical as hydrothermal alteration compounds were the highest among PAHs with dry weight between 0.913–3.157 μg/g. The phenanthrene homologue was most abundant in the samples, and the ratios between parent phenanthrene and methylphenanthrene which probably reflected the degree of hydrothermal alteration ranged from 0.097 to 1.602. The sample 22V-TVG10 possessing a maximum ratio value showed the intense influence of the hydrothermal alteration on this sample, which might further imply that PAHs in sediments were mainly derived from the hydrothermal alteration.     

热带东北印度洋海域毛颚类的群落结构特征

毛颚类(Chaetognaths)是海洋浮游动物中的一个特殊类群,其种类和数量分布对探索海流和水团变化以及海洋食物链中能量传递具有重要意义。文章根据2011年4~5月在印度洋东北海域(80°E~98.5°E,5°S~6°N)29个站的调查资料,分析了毛颚类种类组成、丰度分布和群落结构特征。共鉴定毛颚类14种,以暖水大洋广布种为主,其中肥胖箭虫Sagitta enflata、太平洋箭虫Sagitta pacifica、飞龙翼箭虫Pterosagitta draco和凶形箭虫Sagitta ferox是调查海域的优势种。依据调查站位设置及环境特征,将调查海域分东部断面、赤道断面和西部断面。种数变化范围为5~14种,种数分布不均匀,东部断面每站一般低于10种,而赤道断面及西部断面的种数相对较丰富。毛颚类平均丰度为5.35(±2.82)ind·m-3,分布亦不均匀,西部断面的丰度比赤道和东部断面均高。群落结构分析表明,调查海域毛颚类可分3个组群(相似度水平50%),组群I包括11种,是调查海域的主要种类,分布较广,而另外两个组群仅3种,主要出现在东部和西部断面的少数调查站;调查站之间的相似度较高,特别是西部断面站位之间的相似度70%。西部断面受沿岸水和涌升水的影响,出现较高的物种多样性和丰度。     

随机波浪作用下黑泥湾冲淤演变的数值模拟

近岸海域潮流、波浪动力条件复杂,单纯考虑潮流输沙对底床冲淤演变的影响可能存在较大的偏差。基于局地较长时期海浪场统计特征,将随机波浪因子引入底床冲淤演化模拟研究中,采用ECOMSED模式进行了不同波浪动力条件影响下黑泥湾海域冲淤演化的数值模拟,并与现场观测资料进行了比较,取得了较好的结果。结果表明,黑泥湾及附近海域存在较稳定的N—S向潮余流,这在整体上是本区泥沙输运的重要影响因素;湾内海域基本处于冲淤动态平衡,冲淤格局与其地形、海流流速和波浪场分布有关,楮岛周围与镆铘岛东面近岸海域以侵蚀为主,镆铘岛南部近岸以淤积为主;随机波浪要素的引入对冲淤演变模拟结果有较大的影响,引入波浪要素后的模拟的结果与海图更为接近。     

布拜图对PACMANUS热液区Si-Fe-Mn-羟基氧化物沉淀条件的指示

Utilizing Si, Fe and Mn concentrations within the end-member PACMANUS hydrothermal fluid, Si-Fe-MnH_2 O Pourbaix diagrams were constructed at 300°C and 25°C. The Pourbaix diagrams show that the main Si, Fe and Mn oxides species precipitating from the hydrothermal fluid were Si O_2, Fe(OH)_3, Fe_3(OH)_8, Mn_3O_4, and Mn_2O_3 at 25°C. During mixing of hydrothermal fluid with seawater, Si O_2 precipitated earlier than FeMn-oxyhydroxides because of the lower stability boundary. Then Fe(OH)_2 precipitated first, followed by Fe_3(OH)_8 and Fe(OH)_3, and last, small amounts of Mn_3O_4 and Mn_2O_3 precipitated. Fe(OH)_3 was readily deposited in alkaline solution with little influence by Eh. There were many Si-Fe-Mn-concentric particles in the polished sections of the massive precipitates collected from PACMANUS. In the concentric nucleus and ellipsoid, Si oxides precipitated first before the hydrothermal fluid had mixed with seawater. In the concentric nucleus, after the precipitation of Si oxides, the increase of p H and Eh promoted the precipitation of Mn oxides around the Si oxides. In the large ellipsoid, the precipitation of Fe was divided into two periods. In the early period, increase of p H value of hydrothermal fluid produced by low-temperature convection and an input of a small volume of seawater promoted a small amount of Fe(OH)_3 to precipitate in the Si-rich core. In the late period, after complete mixing with seawater and the resultant fluid was close to neutral or slightly alkaline in p H, Fe(OH)_3 was easily precipitated from the solution and distributed around the Si-rich core.     

深海来源芳烃类降解菌筛选与盐单胞菌芘降解能力测定

海洋来源的菌株在高盐污水类修复处理中有重要的应用前景,而烃类物质是污水中的重要组成部分,其中含有多个苯环的芳香烃族化合物,对人类和环境具有较大的毒性,而目前关于多环芳烃(PAHs)厌氧代谢的相关报道相对较少。本研究以PAHs(萘、菲和芘等)为唯一碳源和能源,通过厌氧富集对太平洋深海沉积物中的PAHs降解菌展开研究。富集物细菌菌群分析结果表明,盐单胞菌属(Halomonas)、海旋菌属(Thalassospira)、海杆菌属(Marinobacter)、海洋杆菌属(Oceanobacter)和食烷菌属(Alcanivorax)等是主要的功能类群;其中盐单胞菌属是最主要的功能类群。通过筛选分离获得一高效烃降解盐单胞菌株,鉴定并命名为泰坦尼克盐单胞菌(Halomonas titanicae) PA16-9,该菌与模式菌株Halomonas titanicae BH1^T的16S rRNA相似性为99.52%。基于16S rRNA基因序列比对搜寻NCBI数据库,发现Halomonas titanicae广泛存在于废水、活性污泥、油田、湿地等有机质复杂区域,生态位分布极广,可...     

山东半岛东南部典型砂质岸滩季节性演化及控制因素探讨——以海阳万米海滩为例

根据2018年秋季至2019年夏季4个季节的海滩剖面形态测量和表层沉积物粒度分析结果,研究了海阳万米海滩地形和表层沉积物粒度季节变化特征,探讨了控制研究区砂质岸滩季节性演化的因素。结果表明：连理岛-东村河口以西海滩剖面形态在强动力和弱动力条件下分别呈“上蚀下淤”和“下冲上塑”特征,夏季台风造成的滩肩侵蚀量大于冬季风,在滩面形成的沙坝数量多、规模小且离岸距离较之冬季风更远。连理岛-东村河口处海滩剖面形态整体呈淤积状态,且在强动力条件下的淤积量大于弱动力条件。连理岛-东村河口以东海滩剖面形态的季节性变化幅度小于以西海滩,同时滩肩顶剖面形态在夏季出现明显下凹特征。表层沉积物粒度特征变化同样呈现东西差异的特点,秋季到冬季,西侧海滩表层沉积物粒度变粗、分选变差,而东侧海滩变细、分选基本不变;冬季到春季,海滩表层沉积物粒度总体变细、分选较好;夏季变化趋势与冬季相似,但变化幅度有所差异。人工岛和港口等海岸工程建设是导致海滩剖面形态和表层沉积物粒度东西差异的主导因素;波浪和台风事件等是控制砂质岸滩季节性演化的主要动力因素;潮汐作用、旅游开发等人类活动也对岸滩演化造成一定影响。