滇东南地区中三叠统沉积型锰矿的热释光特征

矿物和岩石的热释光是矿物晶体特征中研究程度较低的领域。将采自滇东南地区中三叠统的锰矿样品分类后进行热释光实验研究。实验发现:上矿段褐红色锰碳酸盐集合体的热释光谱线多两峰型,前特征峰位于250～350℃之间,后特征峰位于350～430℃之间,且前峰的峰值明显低于后峰,热释光强度最大值均出现在最高温度——450℃处,前峰均存在,后峰偶有缺失;下矿段黑色锰氧化物集合体的热释光特征是在280～340℃处为第一峰,而在390±10℃范围内为一拐点,420±10℃处为另一拐点,使热释光谱线呈现阶梯状,但部分样品第一峰缺失。将上、下矿段同类矿样的热释光谱线对比发现:上、下矿段内部的同类型矿石的热释光特征具相似性,上、下矿段之间的同类型矿石的热释光特征几乎无可比性,说明矿石形成时所处环境对热释光谱线的影响大于矿物成分对矿石热释光谱线的影响。     

滇东南中三叠统法郎组锰矿床成因的新认识

产于滇东南中三叠世拉丁期法郎组地层中的锰矿床,锰矿石出现氧化锰矿与碳酸盐锰矿混合存在现象,没有明显的变质现象,为沉积成因。矿石中一般都含有生物碎屑。我们对采自这一地区的斗南、岩子脚、老乌,土基冲等典型矿床的锰矿石样品,进行了系统的薄片显微镜和扫描电镜观察,同时应用X射线衍射对矿石矿物成份作了相应分析。观察到这些矿石中的鲕、豆状结构是由蓝绿藻类微生物凝聚作用形成的显微叠层构造,具有核形石特有的核心和包壳,其明—暗纹层相间的显微结构特征可以与现代深海大洋铁锰结核相类比。本文通过对核形石显微结构特征的观察和对锰矿物生成时介质环境的讨论,初步研究结果表明,锰矿形成可能位于古氧化还原界面附近,该区锰的富集可能与微生物活动密切相关。     

兰州地区新近纪地层的沉积相与古环境记录

兰州地区位于黄土和青藏高原的过渡带,其第三纪地层对研究风尘沉积发育和青藏高原隆升都有着特殊的意义。本研究以0.25 m为间距对厚度210 m的兰州皋兰山剖面的新近纪地层采集样品901个,在实验室对试验样品进行前处理后对其进行了粒度、磁化率和色度测试。用粒度分布函数的方法分离了沉积物的各成因组分,确定了风成组分和水成组分在全剖面沉积物中所占的百分比。结合色度和磁化率的实验结果分析表明,皋兰山剖面地层以风尘沉积为主,其间夹有河流相沉积的约15层砂岩。古环境的恢复表明,兰州地区从至少约7 Ma开始,沉积地层经历了由河湖相向风尘沉积转变,气候干旱化开始,与黄土高原风尘序列堆积底界8～7 Ma基本一致。6～5.2 Ma构造稳定,是比较开阔的平原环境,并且气候条件比较湿热;5.2～3.5 Ma间构造波动比较频繁,形成了间隔性的河流相砂岩沉积,而在气候表现为干冷;自3.5 Ma开始,兰州地区发生相对构造沉陷,五泉砾岩层的发育是对青藏运动A幕的具体响应。     

基于免疫粒子群算法的马斯京根模型参数识别

目前在河道汇流计算中广泛应用的是马斯京根模型,该模型参数的优化求解是影响能否精确模拟实测水文过程的关键问题.以往的模型参数求解大多采用试错法、矩法等方法,计算过程繁琐,计算精度不高,影响到模型的模拟精度.针对此类问题,笔者将免疫原理与粒子群优化算法有机结合.提出了免疫粒子群优化新方法,有效解决了传统方法的计算结果精度不高的问题,并在马斯京根模型参数优化求解中得以应用,结果表明免疫粒子群算法的计算结果精度令人满意,为河道洪水演算方面研究提供了一种新的研究方法和研究模式.     

柴西乌南-绿草滩地区古近系下干柴沟组下段储盖组合与勘探潜力

运用层序地层学的理论和方法,综合钻井、测井和三维地震资料,在柴西乌南-绿草滩地区古近系下干柴沟组下段识别出两个层序界面,将其划分为1个长期基准面旋回(三级层序)LSC1和4个中期基准面旋回(四级层序)MSC1、MSC2、MSC3和MSC4。在等时地层格架约束下,详细分析了研究区储集层、盖层及储盖组合的发育规律与基准面旋回的内在联系,指出本区古近系下干柴沟组下段具有较大的油气勘探潜力。     

Spatial and temporal variations of coastlines in northern China (2000-2012)

This study examined the spatial distribution of the continent coastline in northern China using remote sensing and GIS techniques, and calculated the fractal dimension of the coastline by box-counting method, with a time span from 2000 to 2012. Moreover, we analyzed the characteristics of spatial-temporal changes in the coastline's length and fractal dimension, the relationship between the length change and fractal dimension change, and the driving forces of coastline changes in northern China. During the research period, the coastline of the study area increased by 637.95 km, at a rate of 53.16 km per year. On the regional level, the most significant change in coastline length was observed in Tianjin and Hebei. Temporally, the northern China coastline grew faster after 2008. The most dramatic growth was found between 2010 and 2011, with an increasing rate of 2.49% per year. The fractal dimension of the coastline in northern China was increasing during the research period, and the most dramatic increase occurred in Bohai Rim. There is a strong-positive linear relationship between the historical coastline length and fractal dimension (the correlation coefficient was 0.9962). Through statistical analysis of a large number of local coastline changes, it can be found that the increase (or decrease) of local coastline length will, in most cases, lead to the increase (or decrease) of the whole coastline fractal dimension. Civil-coastal engineering construction was the most important factor driving the coastline change in northern China. Port construction, fisheries facilities and salt factories were the top three construction activities. Compared to human activities, the influence of natural processes such as estuarine deposit and erosion were relatively small.     

产酯酶海洋中度嗜盐菌Halomonas sp.LYG1-1的分离鉴定及其酶学性质

以从海南三亚近海海水中采集的样品为研究对象,利用平板筛选法筛到一株产酯酶的中度嗜盐菌菌株LYG1-1。通过形态学、生理生化及16S rRNA序列分析,发现该菌株为革兰氏阴性菌,其最适生长温度为30℃,最适生长pH为7.5,最适NaCl浓度为10%。16S rRNA基因序列分析显示,菌株LYG1-1与Halomonas salina亲缘性最近,16S rRNA基因序列相似性为99.72%。在含10%NaCl的0.05mol·L-1Tris-HCl(pH 8.0)缓冲液中,45℃条件下作用,酶活性最高,40℃处理24h仍保持83%的活性。金属离子浓度为5mmol·L-1时,Ca2+、Mg2+对菌株LYG1-1酶活具有明显的激活作用,Hg2+表现出强烈的抑制作用。     

中国南海区1992-2012年的中尺度涡旋演化过程表达与统计分析

Automated identification and tracking of mesoscale ocean eddies has recently become one research hotspot in physical oceanography. Several methods have been developed and applied to survey the general kinetic and geometric characteristics of the ocean eddies in the South China Sea（SCS）. However, very few studies attempt to examine eddies＇ internal evolution processes. In this study, we reported a hybrid method to trace eddies＇ propagation in the SCS based on their internal structures, which are characterized by eddy centers, footprint borders, and composite borders. Eddy identification and tracking results were represented by a GIS-based spatiotemporal model. Information on instant states, dynamic evolution processes, and events of disappearance, reappearance, split, and mergence is stored in a GIS database. Results were validated by comparing against the ten Dongsha Cyclonic Eddies（DCEs） and the three long-lived anticyclonic eddies（ACEs） in the northern SCS, which were reported in previous literature. Our study confirmed the development of these eddies. Furthermore, we found more DCE-like and ACE-like eddies in these areas from 2005 to 2012 in our database. Spatial distribution analysis of disappearing, reappearing, splitting, and merging activities shows that eddies in the SCS tend to cluster to the northwest of Luzon Island, southwest of Luzon Strait, and around the marginal sea of Vietnam. Kuroshio intrusions and the complex sea floor topography in these areas are the possible factors that lead to these spatial clusters.     

海拉尔盆地牧原凹陷油气勘探前景与有利区带目标优选

牧原凹陷是海拉尔盆地群中研究程度和勘探程度均较低的凹陷,尚未取得勘探突破。为明确牧原凹陷的油气资源潜力与勘探前景,开展了野外地质调查、老井复查与烃源岩有机地球化学特征研究等,基本明确了凹陷油气地质条件: ①牧原凹陷具有单断箕状结构,可划分为陡坡带、洼槽带和缓坡带3个构造单元; ②发育大磨拐河组、南屯组和兴安岭群3套有效烃源岩,南屯组、大磨拐河组烃源岩厚度大,分布面积广,有机质类型好,以II₁-I型为主,有机质丰度高,生烃潜量大,热演化进入成熟阶段,是凹陷主力烃源岩,兴安岭群烃源岩有机质丰度高,处于高成熟阶段,虽然厚度与分布有限,也是一套有价值的烃源岩; ③发育兴安岭群的自生自储或上生下储、大磨拐河组与南屯组的自生自储、伊敏组的下生上储3套储盖组合。对比高勘探程度区单断箕状凹陷的成藏规律,结合牧原凹陷自身的地质特点,构建了牧原凹陷油气成藏模式。通过开展区带的初步评价,优选出2个有利区带,提出了勘探目标。     

区划方法在无资料地区水文预报中的应用研究

区划方法是目前国际上解决无资料地区水文预报问题的常用方法,是近20年水文学界热点问题之一。本文通过介绍当前国际应用区划方法解决无资料地区水文预报问题的研究进展、存在问题和应用前景,为国内无资料地区水文模拟研究提供借鉴和参考。文章将区划方法分为3类:临近流域替代法、水文相似流域替代法和回归法。通过文献梳理及案例分析,本文指出各类方法的问题、适用范围及不同资料条件下方法选择。最后,通过对国际上无资料地区水文预报的总结分析,提出我国无资料地区研究亟待解决的5个问题。