Genetic diversity and differentiation of three populations of Penaeus monodon Fabricus

Genetic diversity of two wild Penaeus monodon populations sampled from the coastal waters of Qinglan （ Hainan Province of China, HN） and Malaysia （KD）, and the F1 generation of a Thailand broodstock population （CP） were examined by vertical polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Of 21 loci encoded by ten enzymes, 11 were polymorphic. The mean proportions of polymorphic loci of HN, KD and CP were 36. 36%, 45.45% and 50.00% , with the average heterozygosities of 0.135, 0.181 and 0.191, and the effective numbers of alleles per loci were 1. 300, 1. 330 and 1. 329, respectively. The divergent indexes of HN, KD and CP were0.023, 0.124, and 0.117, respectively. The genetic distance between the two wild populations was 0.005, and the gene differentiation coefficient was also very low （0.014）. The results indicated that the F1 generation population had a higher genetic diversity than the two wild populations, and that the HN population had the lowest one. There was no significant differentiation between HN and KD populations and all populations existed with a slight heterozygote excess.     

九龙江口秋茄红树林恢复对底质磷的影响

以光滩为对照,分别在白礁选取5、6、8a生秋茄(Kandelia candel)人工林以及天然秋茄林为样地,在草埔头选取20a生和44a生秋茄人工林为样地,比较分析了福建九龙江口秋茄红树林恢复对底质总磷和有效磷的影响.结果表明:白礁和草埔头秋茄人工红树林的总磷和有效磷含量随红树林恢复时间的增加而增高.白礁天然秋茄林和草埔头秋茄人工林的总磷随底质深度增加而减少,有效磷在中下层含量较高.潮位对草埔头总磷有显著影响,由外滩到内滩,其总磷含量逐渐增加.九龙江口秋茄红树林早期恢复阶段的底质总磷和有效磷缺乏,5a生秋茄人工林底质总磷和有效磷分别为0.68g/kg和2.99mg/kg.     

海洋天然气水合物实验分析技术

简要介绍了目前在实验室内采用的天然气水合物实验分析技术,包括样品的保存与处理方法、水合物含气量的测定、气体与同位素的分析、水合物稳定性的P-T条件等方面。简述了几种大型分析仪器（如X衍射、拉曼光谱、核磁共振）在水合物研究中的应用,包括水合物结构的确定、成分及水合物同种性的鉴定以及水合物的分解行为等。     

Spatio-temporal variability of small fishes related with environmental factors in a typical domestic tap water lake,Eastern China

The knowledge of prey small ?sh stock, distribution and abundance is necessary to guide stocking of piscivorous ?sh for the biomanipulation in domestic tap water lakes. This study describes the current status of small ?sh community in Kuilei Lake(China), and examines the spatial and seasonal variations of the community in relation to key environmental factors. Based on submerged macrophyte cover and water depth, the lake was divided into ?ve major habitats:(1) macrophyte covered shallow habitat of water depth< 2.00 m,(2) uncovered or less-covered shallow habitat(2.00 m–3.50 m),(3) uncovered medium shallow habitat(3.50 m–5.00 m),(4) uncovered medium deep habitat(5.00 m–6.50 m) and(5) uncovered deep habitat(6.50 m–8.50 m). The abundance and composition of small ?sh were monitored by benthic fykenet sampling from April 2013 to January 2014. A total of 2881 individuals belonging to 5 families and 21 species were collected. Based on their abundance(accounted for 88.96% of the total) and occurrence(more than 33.33%), Acheilognathus chankaensis, Acheilognathus macropterus, Microphysogobio microstomus,Pseudorasbora parva and Rhinogobius giurinus were recognized as dominant small ?sh species. The results of correlation analysis identi?ed that species richness( Sr), Shannon-Wiener diversity index( H′)and Margalef′s richness index( D) were signi?cantly negatively correlated with water depth, but positively correlated with biomass of submerged macrophytes.Redundancy analysis(RDA) revealed that the spatial distributions of most small ?shes were negatively associated with water depth. The details of these ?ndings are bene?cial to understanding the adaptation of the small ?shes in degraded environments, and to developing suitable biomanipulation strategies for the management of ?sh resources and water quality in the lakes along the lower reach of the Changjiang(Yangtze) River basin.     

基于Zemax外海观测光纤探针传感器探头结构的优化设计

光纤探针法是一种适合观测波浪破碎瞬间卷入微气泡羽流的方法,现有的观测探针探头多采用塑料、玻璃等材质,存在脆性大、损耗大、不耐低温、易腐蚀等缺点,拟设计一种蓝宝石光纤探针克服其局限性,提升探测性能.文章在介绍光纤探针传感器测量原理的基础上,采用光学仿真软件Zemax建立了光纤探针传感器探头的仿真模型,并利用模型对其每针的材质、形状、角度等结构设计关键因素进行了优化设计,由仿真结果确定了每针形状为圆锥形、传输材质为蓝宝石.该仿真结果将为后续光纤探针传感器系统的整体设计及光路优化奠定基础.     

机载LiDAR海岸地形测量技术及其应用

机载LiDAR测量技术发展迅速,应用日益广泛。概括了机载LiDAR测量技术发展、工作原理和应用现状,结合海洋测绘需求,论述了机载LiDAR技术应用的可行性、方法和精度,分析了海岸地形测绘应用的前景,为提高作业部门新技术的理论基础,推进机载LiDAR测量技术在海洋测绘领域的应用提供支持。     

闽江河口区湿地生态旅游环境容量研究

本文讨论了生态旅游环境容量的定义及内涵，分析了生态旅游环境容量的特征及构成，在此基础上估算了闽江河口区湿地生态旅游环境容量．结果表明：闽江河口区湿地生态旅游环境容量的限制因子是鳝鱼滩自然保护区生态旅游环境空间容量．鳝鱼滩旅游步行道可分成南路和北路，北路为水路游线，南路为陆路游线．北路游线环境空间日容量为800人次／d，南路游线环境空间日容量为1144人次／d．鳝鱼滩湿地生态旅游环境空间年容量为451202人次／a．这一环境容量可作为闽江河口区湿地生态旅游活动环境容量的最高限制量．     

饲料中高水平铜对斜带石斑鱼(Epinephelus coioides)生长和铜、铁、锰、锌含量的影响

采用铜适量(4.47mg/kg)和铜过量(1127.51mg/kg)的两种饲料投喂初始体重为(12.9±0.2)g的斜带石斑鱼(Epinephelus coioides)8周,研究饲料中过量铜对斜带石斑鱼生长性能、形态学指标、体组成和鱼体微量元素含量的影响。结果表明,当饲料铜含量由4.47mg/kg升高到1127.51mg/kg时,斜带石斑鱼增重率由228%下降到63%,饲料效率由1.12下降到0.51,肠脂比由2.90%下降到1.69%。全鱼和肝脏中的铜含量均随饲料铜水平的增加而显著增加,斜带石斑鱼全鱼铜含量由2.98mg/kg上升到34.98mg/kg,肝脏铜含量由36.6mg/kg上升到1364.0mg/kg。但饲料中过量铜对斜带石斑鱼的存活率、鱼体肥满度、脏体比、肝体比和全鱼体组成没有显著性影响。摄食高铜饲料的斜带石斑鱼肝脏锌含量显著升高,锌可能在铜的解毒过程中起着重要的作用。     

柴达木盆地第三系咸水湖相生油岩古沉积环境地球化学特征

在系统分析柴达木盆地西部第三系咸水湖相生油岩样品的微量元素、有机物、粘土矿物组成的基础上,揭示了研究区生油岩的无机元素和有机质组成特征;并结合沉积环境的无机与有机地球化学指标,重建了生油岩沉积时的古沉积环境。生油岩的B、Cl-及伽玛蜡烷含量表明,沉积时的水介质条件是半咸水—咸水环境,并伴随湖盆沉积中心北迁过程各层位地层的盐度发生规律性时空]化;生油岩的Fe2 /Fe3 、S2-、Pr/Ph比值、藿烷碳数分布模式及黄铁矿含量反映其沉积时的沉积环境为强还原性;粘土矿物组合特征及含量揭示这些生油岩的沉积相带介于中心咸湖相和边缘咸湖相之间。     

Molecular phylogenetic analysis of sulfate-reducing bacteria from deep sediment layers of the tropical West Pacific warm pool

1IntroductionThe tropical West Pacific warm pool(TWP-WP),which spans an area roughly between10°Nto10°S of the equator from Indonesia to the dateline,has the world’s warmest sea surface temperature ofbeing greater than29℃.With the increase of recog-niz…