地下管线信息综合管理的探索与实践——以浦东新区为例

为解决地下管线信息准确性不高、更新不及时、共享应用程度低等常见问题,提出明确地下管线信息综合管理机构,创新领导管理决策-执行协同网络-多层次沟通渠道的综合管理机制,构建管线信息一门式集中管理模式。总结了浦东新区地下管线信息管理经验,提出全生命周期信息沟通与采集机制,健全管线跟测与汇交体系,建立信息管理平台及常态化保障措施。     

顾及灰度和梯度信息的多模态影像配准算法

基于特征匹配的多模态影像配准方法无法达到像素级配准精度要求。本文研究了一种顾及灰度和梯度信息的多模态影像配准算法。基于马尔科夫随机场（MRF）的非参数化配准模型充分利用多模态影像的图像信息进行相似性测量,同时考虑了灰度及梯度统计信息,求解方法上对值空间进行离散化,提高收敛速度。通过3组多模态影像的配准试验,验证了该算法的可行性。试验表明：本文算法的配准效果优于基于人工刺点的多项式模型配准和只考虑灰度信息的多模态影像配准;与此同时,该算法对于较大形变的影像配准也具有一定的适用性。在空间精度方面,平均配准误差小于1个像素,最大配准误差小于2个像素。     

融合遗传算法和ICP的地面与车载激光点云配准

车载激光扫描可快速获取大场景点云,由于存在视场限制和遮挡,需地面激光点云作补充。车载与地面点云分别位于大地坐标和局部坐标系统,本文提出结合遗传算法（genetic algorithm,GA）和（iterative closed point,ICP）的自动点云配准方法以统一基准。ICP采用局部优化,效率较高,但依赖初始解;GA为全局优化方法,但效率低。融合策略为当GA配准趋于局部搜索时,采用ICP完成配准。GA配准以地面激光扫描仪内置GPS测量粗略位置限定优化搜索空间。为提高GA配准精度,提出了最大化归一化匹配分数之和（normalized sum of matching scores,NSMS）配准模型。实测数据试验验证了NSMS模型的有效性,GA配准均方根误差（root mean square error,RMSE）为1~5 cm;融合配准比GA配准效率高约50%。     

利用SBAS技术监测洛杉矶地区地表形变

以InSAR技术为基础发展起来的小基线集法(SBAS)有效克服时空去相干和大气效应的影响,可长时间、高精度监测地表形变。文中以美国南加州洛杉矶地区为研究区域,利用34景ENVISAT雷达影像开展地面沉降监测,并通过时间序列分析的方法获取2003年9月到2009年8月时间段内高精度地表形变结果。研究发现多处由于地下水过度开采引起的地表形变明显的区域,该成果与同时段内数据资料比较,吻合较好。因此,该技术可广泛应用于城市地表形变监测,为相关部门决策提供科学可靠的数据参考。     

罗布泊盐湖罗北凹地杂卤石沉积、分布特征及成因分析

采用岩石薄片鉴定、X射线衍射分析、扫描电镜以及元素地球化学等分析测试手段,对罗布泊盐湖罗北凹地杂卤石的沉积和分布特征进行了研究。结果显示,罗北凹地杂卤石主要发育于含盐系中上部,或以质地较纯的层状杂卤石岩产出,或与钙芒硝/石盐/白钠镁矾共同产出。杂卤石有交代和原生两种成因类型：前者是罗北凹地杂卤石产出的主要类型,是罗布泊硫酸盐型盐湖自身蒸发析出产物,在盐湖演化中后期交代钙芒硝或者石膏形成;后者可能为富钙卤水补给富钾镁盐湖形成。罗北凹地杂卤石的分布具有在南北方向上南厚北薄、在东西方向上中间厚两侧薄的特点,对应的KCl含量也同样具有南高北低、中间高两侧低的特点,它们的分布特征明显受控于区域构造活动,构造导致的沉降区有利于杂卤石聚集成矿。本区杂卤石矿埋藏浅、规模较大,可作为后备钾盐资源。     

三维张量CSAMT响应特征研究

张量CSAMT(可控源音频大地电磁法)能完整地描述三维的地电信息,更适应复杂地质条件下的地质勘探。采用将总场分解为一次场和二次场的策略,用差分近似微分形成大型线性方程组,通过解方程组得到张量CSAMT三维正演结果。通过计算低阻和高阻目标体的响应,发现卡尼亚视电阻率和视阻抗相位对低阻体表现为低值异常,对高阻体表现为高值异常,视阻抗相位达到极值时的频率比视电阻率达到极值时的频率要高。张量CSAMT对低阻体比高阻体更灵敏,在同样条件下,高阻体的异常区位置相比于低阻体会上移。某工区的勘察案例表明,根据卡尼亚视电阻率异常能定性地判断地下异常体的存在,为解决地质类问题提供了依据。本研究为张量CSAMT三维反演提供了基础。     

Genesis of Pyroxenite Veins in the Zedang Ophiolite,Southern Tibetan Plateau

Understanding the nature of parental melts for pyroxenite veins in supra-subduction zone(SSZ) ophiolites provides vibrant constraints on melt infiltration processes operating in subduction zones. The Zedang ophiolitic massif in the eastern Yarlung–Zangbo suture zone in Tibet consists of mantle peridotites and a crustal section of gabbro, diabase, and basalt. Veins of two pyroxenite varieties cut the southern part of the Zedang massif. These pyroxenite rocks have different geochemical characteris...     

Geochronology, Eruption Sequence and Geochemistry of Mid–Late Jurassic Volcanics South of Manzhouli: Petrogenesis and Implications for Mesozoic Tectonic Regime Transformation

To the south of Manzhouli, Hulunbuir, Inner Mongolia, experienced a tectonic regime transformation from compression to extension in the mid-Mesozoic. Based on systematic research of the volcanics, petrology, volcanic facies, chronology and geochemistry of rocks in the Buridun area, two stages of volcanics are identified. The first stage named the trachyte series was formed in the late Middle Jurassic (167–163 Ma), its eruption rhythm is pyroxene trachyandesite–trachyandesite–trachyte, and its origin rock is basic volcanics from thickened lower crust, with a tectonic setting in the collision orogeny after the closure of the Mongolia Okhotsk Ocean (MOO). The second stage is a bimodal volcanic rock, formed in the early Late Jurassic (163–160 Ma). The eruption rhythm of basic volcanics in this stage is basaltic andesite–basalt–olivine basalt, which comes from the metasomatized lithospheric mantle, the acidic volcanics of which being characterized by the eruption rhythm of sedimentary-explosive-overflow facies, which came from the partial melting of newly formed lower crust, and this shows the characteristics of A-type granite; the tectonic setting is extension of the lithosphere after collision and closure of the MOO. The changes in the formation age and tectonic setting of the two stages of volcanics demonstrate that the transition time from the compressive system to the extensional system south of Manzhouli is about 163 Ma.     

Vestiges of the Kerguelen Mantle Plume in Southern Tibet:Evidence from 123–117 Ma Magmatism in the Dingri Area of the Central Tethys Himalaya

The widely distributed Early Cretaceous magmatism in the Tethys Himalaya(TH) of southern Tibet is related to the Kerguelen mantle plume. Associated magmatic activity products are distributed in the eastern TH, where the active age is earlier than the peak ages of the Kerguelen mantle plume. This study investigated magmatic activity of the Dingri area in the central TH which was coeval with the Kerguelen mantle plume. The intrusion in the Dingri area contains diabases and monzonites. The zircon a...     

Intra-continental Orogeny: Insights from Magnetotelluric Data into the Mesozoic Uplift History of the Eastern Jiangnan Orogen in South China

Despite extensive efforts to understand the tectonic evolution of the Jiangnan Orogen in South China, the orogenic process and its mechanism remain a matter of dispute. Previous geodynamic studies have mostly focused on collisional orogeny, which is commonly invoked to explain the Jiangnan Orogen. However, it is difficult for such hypotheses to reconcile all the geological and geophysical data, especially the absence of ultrahigh-pressure metamorphic rocks. Based on the magnetotelluric data, we ...