Eocene tonalite–granodiorite from the Havza (Samsun) area,northern Turkey: adakite-like melts of lithospheric mantle and crust generated in a post-collisional setting

ABSTRACT

Eocene intermediate to felsic plutons of different sizes and compositions are widespread in the Eastern Pontides Orogenic Belt in northern Turkey. Of these, the Ta?l?k Tepe pluton in the Havza (Samsun) area is fine-to-medium-grained, with granular, porphyritic, and micrographic textures, and include mafic microgranular enclaves (MMEs). LA-ICP-MS U-Pb zircon dating yielded emplacement ages of 42.9 (± 1.4) and 40.5 (± 1.3) Ma for the host granodioritic pluton and the dioritic MMEs, respectively. Petrochemically, the host pluton has I-type, high-K calc-alkaline, and metaluminous-to-slightly peraluminous features (A/CNK = 0.95–1.06). The host pluton also shows geochemical features of adakite-like rocks with high SiO₂ (67–68 wt%) and Al₂O₃ (15.5–16.0 wt%) content and Ba/La (17–23), Sr/Y (40.7–61.6), and La_N/Yb_N (14.4–23.7) ratios and low Y (8.2–9.9 ppm) and Yb_N (3.1–4.4) contents. Whole-rock major and trace element variations suggest that fractional crystallisation played a significant role in the pluton evolution. The N-MORB normalised trace element patterns of the pluton are similar to those of MMEs with enrichment in large-ion lithophile elements, Th and Ce, and negative Nb and Ti anomalies. Chondrite-normalised rare earth element plots show moderate-to-highly enriched concave patterns (La_N/Lu_N = 14.2–21.6) with insignificant negative Eu anomalies (Eu_N/Eu* = 0.86–1.14), all of which imply hornblende fractionation during magmatic evolution. The pluton samples have ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr ratios of 0.704767 to 0.704927, ¹⁴³Nd/¹⁴⁴Nd ratios of 0.512767–0.512774, εNd values of (+2.52) – (+2.65), and δ¹⁸O values of 7.9–9.7‰. The isotopic compositions of the host pluton and MMEs are similar to I-type granitoids derived from mantle sources. The MMEs show incomplete magma mixing/mingling, representing small bodies of mafic parental magma. Combined with regional studies, these new data suggest that the parental magma of the studied adakite-like pluton was generated from the lithospheric mantle and then modified by fractional crystallisation and assimilation in a post-collisional setting.     

沉积硼酸盐热作用过程中的硼同位素变化

建立温度与硼同位素变化的关系是研究沉积硼酸盐成岩-变质作用中硼同位素地球化学行为的关键,这有助于准确认识硼酸盐δ11 B值所代表的地质意义.本文以自然产出的三方硼砂和钠硼解石为材料,结合热分解特征研究了不同热作用过程中硼同位素变化.200℃下硼酸盐经历结晶水的脱水反应,此过程中三方硼砂和钠硼解石δ11B值分别由6.48...     

基于欧拉反褶积法的无人机航磁找矿应用

无人机航磁测量以其高效、安全、低成本等优点逐渐应用到中小面积大比例尺资源勘探领域。本文针对安徽芜湖市三山区22 km²区域构造刻画和找矿前景预测,开展1∶20 000高精度无人机航磁测量工作;推导了欧拉反演求解过程,并分析对比构造指数选取,使用构造指数为0的欧拉反褶积对航磁数据进行反演求解,获得地下磁异常体构造边界解集信息;将其应用到研究区域航磁数据反演,根据反演得到的边界位置和深度信息圈定了18处断裂,并结合异常特征给出了8.7 km²岩浆岩分布区,根据宁芜区域铁矿成矿特点,圈定岩浆分布区及边界为成矿详查区。     

四川盆地喜马拉雅期张扭性断裂构造特征及形成机制

前人对四川盆地盆缘冲断带及川中高-磨地区断裂系统进行了系统性研究,但对于盆地其他区块断裂发育特征、形成演化及应力背景的认识尚不充分.发现了梓潼-成都-威远-华蓥山-广安地区震旦系-下三叠统地层中发育的一套区域性张扭性断裂,主要自震旦系及以下地层向上延伸切穿二叠系地层,多为高陡、小断距正断层,部分形成负花状构造.根据该断裂系统的剖面产状、纵向穿层特征及盆地范围内体现出的分异性,推断该断裂系统形成于喜马拉雅期.物理模拟实验研究发现该断裂体系应发育于扭张性应力环境中,该断裂体系的发育指示了四川盆地内部新生代存在南西-北东向张应力,可能与四川盆地新生代发生的逆时针旋转有关.      

近40年来青藏高原典型高寒草原和湿地蒸散发变化的对比分析

青藏高原地表蒸散发是决定亚洲水塔水储量变化的关键要素.在快速升温背景下,长时间尺度的青藏高原地表蒸散发如何响应气候变化亟需深入探讨.以青藏高原两种典型高寒生态系统(草原和湿地)为研究对象,以野外观测和互补蒸散发模型为研究手段,利用常规气象资料驱动互补蒸散发模型,应用于青藏高原的典型资料稀缺地区,并就模拟结果进行验证评估,揭示了两种典型高寒生态系统近40年的蒸散发变化特征.结果 表明,校正参数后的非线性互补蒸散发模型可较为准确地模拟两种下垫面的蒸散发,亦即该模型在青藏高原资料稀缺区具有较好的应用潜力.1973-2013年,青藏高原典型高寒草原蒸散发呈不显著的增大趋势,而高寒湿地则以2.0 mm/a的速率显著增大.相关分析表明,高寒草原和湿地蒸散发的年际变化主要与水汽压(即空气湿度)有关.阶段性分析发现,1970s至1990s末期,两种生态系统蒸散发皆在波动中逐渐增大;而1997年以后,高寒草原和高寒湿地蒸散发的变化模式表现出明显差异:前者在波动中逐渐减小,后者则持续增大至2000s中期.造成这种差异的原因可归结为高寒湿地受冰川融水的影响,土壤含水量可维持在较高的水平,加之2000s高寒湿地的水汽压和日照时数增大,使得该时段内地表蒸散发仍呈增大之势,亦即上游的冰川融水对下游的湿地蒸散发有重要影响.结果 表明,空间距离较近的两种典型高寒生态系统,由于所受水源补给不同,局地蒸散发对气候变化的响应模式可能有较大差异.     

南苏丹Melut盆地Ruman凹陷白垩系层序地层级次与砂质滩坝的沉积响应*

湖相滩坝砂体是陆相盆地广泛发育的一类油气储集层,已成为成熟油田岩性油气藏勘探的重要领域。基于层序界面识别与划分、古地貌恢复、物源体系、砂体展布以及成藏条件分析,论证了Melut盆地Ruman凹陷白垩系Gayger-Galhak组的层序地层特征及其对滩坝沉积的控制。结果表明:(1)目的层段发育1个二级层序和SQ1、SQ2、SQ3等3个三级层序,SQ3又可进一步细分为6个准层序组(四级层序)。(2)不同级别的层序分别控制着滩坝沉积的发育位置、平面展布及岩性圈闭的成藏要素,表现为: 二级层序控制滩坝沉积的垂向发育位置,滩坝砂体主要发育于二级基准面下降期;三级层序控制滩坝沉积的发育规模和沉积模式,三级基准面下降半旋回与上升半旋回转换位置发育的潜山隆起周缘型坝砂面积(约10km²)和厚度(10~20m)较大、孔隙度高(20%~25%),而发育于三级基准面上升期的水下潜山台地型坝砂面积(1~4km²)和厚度(2~3m)较小、孔隙度相对较低(15%~20%);四级层序洪泛期沉积的泥岩作为局部盖层,不仅控制着滩坝储盖组合的分布,而且决定了滩坝成因岩性圈闭的有效性。     

准噶尔盆地腹部侏罗系地层超压成因机制——以东道海子北凹陷为例

准噶尔盆地腹部地区侏罗系地层超压普遍发育,超压层段与声波时差、电阻率两者之间具有较好的响应关系,尤以电阻率响应最为显著,超压层段声波时差表现为异常高值,电阻率为异常低值的特征。利用准噶尔盆地腹部地区大量测井、测试及相关地质资料综合论述超压成因,指出泥岩和砂岩中发育的超压并非由压实不均衡、构造挤压等作用导致,而主要由生烃作用造成的。研究表明有以下几方面主要证据：1）超压泥岩密度不具有异常低值特征;2）超压段泥岩密度与岩石颗粒垂直有效应力之间不存在线性关系;3）超压砂岩不存在异常高地温梯度现象;4）超压顶界面深度范围为3 800～4 300 m,侏罗系烃源岩现今成熟度（Ro%）范围为0.6%～0.9%,温度范围分布在90 ℃～125 ℃;5）超压层段的侏罗系烃源岩现今生烃转化率最高可达70%,现今平均生油率可达90 mg/g·TOC,仍具有较强的生烃能力;6）泥质烃源岩本身对超压具有很好的封闭作用;7）侏罗系烃源岩内发育大量低角度或高角度微裂缝;8）超压储层主要以油层为主,无水层,准噶尔盆地东道海子北凹陷砂岩中超压主要是通过烃源岩中排出的高压流体运移至储层发生超压传递的结果。     

Rock physics template (RPT) analysis of well logs and seismic data for lithology and fluid classification in Cambay Basin

The Cambay Basin is 450-km-long north–south-trending graben with an average width of 50 km, having maximum depth of about 7 km. The origin of the Cambay and other Basins on the western margin of India are related to the break up of the Gondwana super-continent in the Late-Triassic to Early-Jurassic (215 ma). The structural disposition of the Pre-Cambrian basement—a complex of igneous and metamorphic rocks exposed in the vicinity of the Cambay Basin—controls its architecture. The principal lineaments in the Basin are aligned towards NE-SE, ENE-WSW and NNW-SSE, respectively. Rock physics templates (RPTs) are charts and graphs generated by using rock physics models, constrained by local geology, that serve as tools for lithology and fluid differentiation. RPT can act as a powerful tool in validating hydrocarbon anomalies in undrilled areas and assist in seismic interpretation and prospect evaluation. However, the success of RPT analysis depends on the availability of the local geological information and the use of the proper model. RPT analysis has been performed on well logs and seismic data of a particular study area in mid Cambay Basin. Rock physics diagnostic approach is adopted in the study area placed at mid Cambay Basin to estimate the volume in the reservoir sands from 6 wells (namely; A, B, C, D, E and F) where oil was already encountered in one well, D. In the study area, hydrocarbon prospective zone has been marked through compressional (P wave) and shear wave (S wave) impedance only. In the RPT analysis, we have plotted different kinds of graphical responses of Lame’s parameters, which are the function of P-wave velocity, S-wave velocity and density. The discrete thin sand reservoirs have been delineated through the RPT analysis. The reservoir pay sand thickness map of the study area has also been derived from RPT analysis and fluid characterization. Through this fluid characterization, oil-bearing thin sand layers have been found in well E including well D. The sand distribution results prove that this methodology has able to perform reservoir characterization and seismic data interpretation more quantitatively and efficiently.     

层序古地理背景下河南省二_1煤聚集规律研究

对河南省晚石炭世-早二叠世含煤岩系(太原组中部碎屑岩段、上部灰岩段和山西组二1煤层段、大占砂岩段)进行层序分析,共识别出以胡石砂岩底面、二1煤底面、大占砂岩底面和香炭砂岩底面为代表的4个层序界面,将该层段含煤岩系划分为3个三级层序。通过对层序S1和层序S3岩相古地理图和二1煤厚度等值线图耦合分析发现,障壁岛-潟湖沉积环境为二1煤的聚集提供一个较好的前期环境,分流间湾沉积环境为二1煤的保存提供一个较好的后期环境,而分流河道对二1煤的保存起到了破坏性的作用。     

大别山北麓梅山群中韧性剪切带变形特征及形成机制

梅山群为分布于北淮阳地区位于佛子岭群之下、逆掩于晚泥盆世—石炭纪杨山煤系和中侏罗统红层之上的一套中—浅变质岩系，在其中、上部发育ＮＷ走向的韧性剪切带，产状与区域片理一致。对韧性剪切带及其变形岩石———糜棱岩的宏微观构造研究表明，韧性剪切变形发生于区域变质岩形成之后，具有右旋剪切的运动特点，反映大别山地块向北仰冲过程中所派生的侧向滑移作用