西天山喇嘛苏铜矿成矿斑岩的岩石学、地球化学特征及成因探讨

位于西天山别珍套-科古琴晚古生代岛弧西段的喇嘛苏铜矿床是区内最大的铜矿床,与成矿作用有着密切关系的斑岩体为英云闪长斑岩、花岗闪长斑岩,是同源岩浆分异演化的产物,且花岗闪长斑岩可能属于岩浆演化晚期的产物。本区成矿斑岩的主量、微量元素和Sr-Nd同位素地球化学特征表明,其富集大离子亲石元素,而相对亏损高场强元素,出现了较为明显的Ta、Nb负异常,初始锶同位素ISr和εNd(t=390Ma)值分别为0.7072～0.7076和-0.32～0.17,显示壳幔混合源的特征,利用Sr和Nd同位素估算其源区物质约有50%来源于地壳。岩石地球化学特征指示了其为典型钙碱性火山弧花岗岩,暗示其形成于大陆弧环境。结合区域地质背景,推测本区成矿斑岩是在洋壳俯冲作用下发生部分熔融,交代原先的地幔楔,并混合了部分下地壳的物质,经历分离结晶作用的产物,其形成可能与晚古生代准噶尔洋板块向南的俯冲作用有关。结合东西天山的成矿斑岩的地球化学特征对比研究,岩浆源区的差别可能导致不同类型斑岩型矿床的形成,斑岩型铜矿床的形成较斑岩型钼矿床可能有更少的地壳物质贡献。     

豫西嵩县前范岭石英脉型钼矿床地质特征及辉钼矿Re-Os同位素年龄

位于熊耳山-外方山地区的前范岭钼矿是东秦岭地区新近发现的石英脉型钼矿床之一。赋矿围岩为古元古界熊耳群安山质火山岩类。矿体主要以含辉钼矿石英脉产出,矿石类型以石英脉型为主。金属矿物以辉钼矿和黄铁矿为主,脉石矿物以石英为主,其次为方解石、萤石等。围岩蚀变类型有硅化、钾长石化、青磐岩化等。对6件辉钼矿样品进行Re-Os同位素测年所获得的模式年龄为233.3±3.3～248.2±3.5Ma,等时线年龄为239±13Ma,表明矿床形成于中三叠世。矿床的成矿作用发生于华北与扬子两个板块碰撞对接的晚期阶段。区域上整体的挤压造成了局部的剪切和伸展环境,这种环境为控矿断裂的形成和成矿流体的运移提供了有利条件。嵩县境内现已发现的多处脉型钼矿床很可能形成于同一时期(三叠纪),它们构成了熊耳山与外方山之间的嵩县脉型钼矿田。     

克拉美丽气田石炭系火山岩复杂岩性岩电特征

准噶尔盆地东部克拉美丽气田石炭系火山岩岩石类型复杂多样,且同一岩性由于结构、构造和成分的差异,电性特征差异亦较大,岩性识别困难。本文通过对该区14口井取心段岩电关系研究,认为自然伽马、电阻率、密度三种曲线岩性特征响应明显; 电阻率、中子、密度、声波四条曲线对火山岩岩石构造特征响应明显。并编制了岩性和岩石构造测井识别交会图版11张。进而利用电测资料识别出该区11种火山岩岩石类型: 正长斑岩、二长斑岩、玄武岩、粗面岩、英安岩、流纹岩、霏细岩、沉凝灰岩、熔结凝灰岩、火山角砾岩和熔结火山角砾岩; 识别出5种岩石构造类型: 正长斑岩中气孔及块状构造和玄武岩中杏仁、碎裂及块状构造。通过本区12口钻井取心后验,测井识别结果与钻井岩心分析结果吻合良好,可作为地区性火山岩测井岩性、岩石构造识别模式。     

广东省1960～2007年降雨侵蚀力变化趋势分析

降雨侵蚀力反映由降雨引起的土壤侵蚀的潜在能力.本文利用广东省25个站点48年(1960～2007)的日雨量资料计算了各站的降雨侵蚀力,并用Mann-Kendall(M-K)非参数检验和克里格空间插值法分析了降雨侵蚀力的时空变化规律.结果表明:广东省降雨侵蚀力的空间分布呈沿海向内陆逐渐递减的趋势.全省大部分地区的年降雨侵蚀力呈现不明显上升趋势,且存在较明显的年代际和年际变化.降雨侵蚀力的年内分布特征和降雨量分布类似,呈"双峰型",主要集中在4～9月的雨季.对于季节序列,冬季、春季和夏季大部分地区的降雨侵蚀力有不同程度的上升,秋季全省几乎所有地区呈下降趋势.汛期的降雨侵蚀力变化特征与年降雨侵蚀力相似.     

Accurate and Precise Elemental Abundance of Zinc in Reference Materials by an Isotope Dilution Mass Spectrometry TIMS Technique

A thermal ionisation mass spectrometric technique enabled the abundance of Zn in geological and biological reference materials and water samples to be measured by double spiking isotope dilution mass spectrometry enriched in the ⁶⁷Zn and ⁷⁰Zn isotopes. In the past, thermal ionisation mass spectrometry proved to be difficult for low-level zinc isotopic measurements. The size of Zn samples used for isotopic determination, in particular the biological RMs, represents an important breakthrough. These results represent the most accurate and precise concentrations measured for Zn in these samples. The maximum fractional uncertainty was that for TILL-3 (2%), while the minimum fractional uncertainty was 0.7% for both BCR-1 and W-2. The inhomogeneity of Zn in HISS-1 was revealed while other reference materials appeared homogeneous at the 95% confidence uncertainty. The certified concentration of Zn in HISS-1 and IMEP-19 by their producers are 28% and 3.8% higher than the values measured in this work. These are the first Zn concentration measurements in these materials by the isotope dilution-TIMS technique, except for BCR-1, NIES N^o 9 and IMEP-19. Reducing the blank enabled accurate measurement in water at the ng g^-1 level demonstrating the applicability of the technique for low-level Zn samples.     

直脉蝎蛉科(昆虫纲长翅目) 3个异物同名和 1个种的修正

1996 年,张海春发表《新疆准噶尔盆地中生代直脉科(昆虫纲)昆虫化石》一文[古生物学报,35(4)：442-494],共有5个新种和5个老种,其中1个老种定为Mesopanorpa obscura(Martynov, 1927),包含3 个标本：① NIGP126378(92-T-22/K1),② NIGP126377(58SK15/K3),③ NIGP126376(92-T-22/K3)。另1个标本NIGP126379(93-HE-2K1,2)定为Protorthophlebia latipennis Tillyard, 1933。笔者在研究长翅目化石的过程中,发现张的4个标本系异物同名,前3 个标本即：① NIGP126378号标本勉强修订为1个近似种P. (Protorthophlebia) aff. obscura (Martynov,1925) Martynov,1927;② NIGP126377号标本修订为新名种Protorthophlebia(Protorthophlebia) badouwanica nom. nov.;③ NIGP126376号标本, 由于这个标本脉序结构与副蝎蛉科 Parachoristidae Tillyard, 1937的脉序特征相同,已被修订为另一个属、种Junggarochorista tuzigouensis Hong, 2009[13],已转移归入该科。④另1个标本NIGP126379号标本被修订为新名种 P.(Protorthophlebia) karamayiensis nom. nov.。上述被修订后的新名属、种在本文中作了必要的重新描述。修订的标本,都根据张海春论文中原标本照片显示的脉纹特征和文字描述。所修订学名的原标本均按原文的记录保存在中国科学院南京地质古生物研究所。     

Adsorption of copper, nickel and lead ions from synthetic semiconductor industrial wastewater by palm shell activated carbon

Granular activated carbon produced from palm kernel shell was used as adsorbent to remove copper, nickel and lead ions from a synthesized industrial wastewater.Laboratory experimental investigation was carried out to identify the effect of pH and contact time on adsorption of lead, copper and nickel from the mixed metals solution. Equilibrium adsorption experiments at ambient room temperature were carried out and fitted to Langmuir and Freundlich models. Results showed that pH 5 was the most suitable, while the maximum adsorbent capacity was at a dosage of 1 g/L, recording a sorption capacity of 1.337 mg/g for lead, 1.581 mg/g for copper and 0.130 mg/g for nickel. The percentage metal removal approached equilibrium within 30 min for lead, 75 min for copper and nickel, with lead recording 100 %, copper 97 % and nickel 55 % removal, having a trend of Pb²⁺ > Cu²⁺ > Ni²⁺. Langmuir model had higher R² values of 0.977, 0.817 and 0.978 for copper, nickel and lead respectively, which fitted the equilibrium adsorption process more than Freundlich model for the three metals.     

Sundararajan transform—an application to geophysical data analysis

An integral transform, called in this study as Sundararajan transform, has been used to estimate the parameters of vertical magnetic effect of a fault structure. It differs from the well-known Hilbert transform in the property of phase shift as it yields a phase shift of 270° unlike the Hilbert transform, which is a 90° phase shifter. Other properties of the Sundararajan transform remain almost the same as the Hilbert transform. The transform has been tested on synthetic data and a field example of Lachlan Foldbelts, New South Wales, Australia. The results of this technique agree with the one published in the literature. The noise analysis has been examined and showed that it still provides acceptable results. The application of this transform to geophysical interpretation illustrates its potentiality, and it may be widely applied in various disciplines mainly in the field of communication engineering, signal, and image processing. An interesting property of this transform is that two successive transforms of a function return it to its original form unlike the Hilbert transform, which returns it to the negative of the original form. The procedure discussed may be automated.     

Pilot Block Method Methodology to Calibrate Stochastic Permeability Fields to Dynamic Data

In the present paper, a new geostatistical parameterization technique is introduced for solving inverse problems, either in groundwater hydrology or petroleum engineering. The purpose of this is to characterize permeability at the field scale from the available dynamic data, that is, data depending on fluid displacements. Thus, a permeability model is built, which yields numerical flow answers similar to the data collected. This problem is often defined as an objective function to be minimized. We are especially focused on the possibility to locally change the permeability model, so as to further reduce the objective function. This concern is of interest when dealing with 4D-seismic data. The calibration phase consists of selecting sub-domains or pilot blocks and of varying their log-permeability averages. The permeability model is then constrained to these fictitious block-data through simple cokriging. In addition, we estimate the prior probability density function relative to the pilot block values and incorporate this prior information into the objective function. Therefore, variations in block values are governed by the optimizer while accounting for nearby point and block-data. Pilot block based optimizations provide permeability models respecting point-data at their locations, spatial variability models inferred from point-data and dynamic data in a least squares sense. A synthetic example is presented to demonstrate the applicability of the proposed matching methodology.