施甸地震震害分析

综合震区102个居民点的震害调查资料，描述2001年4月10日、12日施甸5.2级和5.9级地震列度分布和各烈度区的震害特征，统计分析了在指数与地震烈度的关系，讨论了震害与场地条件的关系。     

Narrow and broad senses on salinity scale

ＩＮＴＲＯＤＵＣＴＩＯＮＢｅｃａｕｓｅｓａｌｉｎｉｔｙｉｓａｎｅｓｓｅｎｔｉａｌｆａｃｔｏｒｉｎｏｃｅａｎｏｇｒａｐｈｉｃｓｔｕｄｉｅｓ ,ａｎｄａｎｉｍｐｏｒｔａｎｔｐａｒａｍｅｔｅｒｉｎｓａｌｔｃｈｅｍｉｃａｌｉｎｄｕｓｔｒｉｅｓａｎｄｍａｒｉｃｕｌｔｕｒｅａｓｗｅｌｌａｓｅｃｏｓｙｓｔｅｍ ,ｔｈｅｓａｌｉｎｉｔｙｄｅｆｉｎｉｔｉｏｎａｎｄｉｔｓｍｅａｓｕｒｅｍｅｎｔａｒｅｂｅｉｎｇｃｏｎｔｉｎｕｏｕｓｌｙｓｔｕｄｉｅｄ .Ｒｅｓｅａｒｃｈｅｒｓｈａｖｅｂｅｅｎｃｏｎｓｔａｎｔｌｙｗｏｒｋｉｎｇ…     

Human Impact Since Medieval Times and Recent Ecological Restorationin a Mediterranean Lake: The Laguna Zoñar, Southern Spain

The multidisciplinary study of sediment cores from Laguna Zoñar (37°29′00′′ N, 4°41′22′′ W, 300 m a.s.l., Andalucía, Spain) provides a detailed record of environmental, climatic and anthropogenic changes in a Mediterranean watershed since Medieval times, and an opportunity to evaluate the lake restoration policies during the last decades. The paleohydrological reconstructions show fluctuating lake levels since the end of the Medieval Warm Period (ca. AD 1300) till the late 19th century and a more acute dry period during the late 19th century – early 20th century, after the end of the Little Ice Age. Human activities have played a significant role in Laguna Zoñar hydrological changes since the late 19th century, when the outlet was drained, and particularly in the mid-20th century (till 1982) when the spring waters feeding the lake were diverted for human use. Two main periods of increased human activities in the watershed are recorded in the sediments. The first started with the Christian conquest and colonization of the Guadalquivir River Valley (13th century) particularly after the fall of the Granada Kingdom (15th century). The second one corresponds to the late 19th century when more land was dedicated to olive cultivation. Intensification of soil erosion occurred in the mid-20th century, after the introduction of farm machinery. The lake was declared a protected area in the early 1980s, when some agricultural practices were restricted, and conservation measures implemented. As a consequence, the lake level increased, and some littoral zones were submerged. Pollen indicators reflect this limnological change during the last few decades. Geochemical indicators show a relative decrease in soil erosion, but not changes in the amount of chemical fertilizers reaching the lake. This study provides an opportunity to evaluate the relative significance of human vs. climatic factors in lake hydrology and watershed changes during historical times. Paleolimnological reconstructions should be taken into account by natural resources agencies to better define lake management policies, and to assess the results of restoration policies.     

THE WATER RESOURCES IN THE EUPHRATES RIVER AND THE TIGRIS RIVER VALLEYS AND POLITICAL RELATION BETWEEN COUNTRIES CONCERNED

Ａｔｐｒｅｓｅｎｔ,ｔｈｅＭｉｄｄｌｅＥａｓｔｉｓａｒｅｇｉｏｎｏｖｅｒｗｈｉｃｈｍａｎｙｋｉｎｄｓｏｆｃｏｎｔｒａｄｉｃｔｉｏｎｓｅｘｉｓｔ.Ｉｔｉｓｏｂｖｉｏｕｓｔｈａｔｔｈｅｒｏｏｔｃａｕｓｅｌｉｅｓｉｎｉｔｓｉｍｐｏｒｔａｎｃｅｉｎｔｈｅｓｔｒａｔｅｇｉｃｇｅｏｇｒａｐｈｉｃａｌｐｏｓｉｔｉｏｎａｎｄｒｉｃｈｒｅｓｏｕｒｃｅｓｏｆｏｉｌａｎｄｎａｔｕｒａｌｇａｓ.Ｉｔｈａｓａｌｗａｙｓｂｅｅｎａｈｏｔｓｐｏｔｉｎｔｈｅｗｏｒｌｄ,ａｎｄｃｏｎｆｌｉｃｔｓｈａｖｅｏｃｃｕｒｒｅｄｔｈｅｒｅｃｏ…     

A possible satellite of 9 Metis

We attempted by means of photographic observations to search for satellites of asteroids in 1979 and 1980. An elongation of the image of 9 Metis has been detected on plates taken during 6 nights. The data suggest that there is a possible satellite with an orbital period of approximately 4.61 days and a mean distance of approximately 1100 km. We tabulate orbital parameters as well as predicted and observed position angles. A comparison with the secondary occultation results taken on 11.35 December 1979 is discussed.     

河北丰宁沙漠化土地综合整治试验示范区规划设计研究

分析了我国北方农牧交错带沙漠化强烈发展类型丰宁试验示范区的沙漠化土地综合整治制约因子、沙漠化土地的整治途径，并论述了试区沙漠化土地整治规划设计原则，总体布局和各类沙漠化土地整治的技术问题。     

Some trace metal ions in natural waters of Tianshan Mountains and Qinghai-Tibet plateau

The concentrations of Zn, Cd, Pb, Cu ions are shown to be similar in natural waters of Tianshan Mountains and Qinghai-Tibet plateau and to be similar in those of the sea water. The average and variability of concentraions of trace metal ions in fresh water are Zn 5.7±1.5, Cd 0.092±0.038, Pb 0.048±0.011, and Cu 1.1±0.20 ppb. The average concentrations in the East China Sea are Zn 7.3 (5.5 in 1976), Cd 0.12, Pb 0.036, and Cu 0.94 ppb. It proves that the homogeneous distribution of trace metal ions (free ion and unstable complexes) in natural waters is present in the nature as a rule. Contribution No. 985 from the Institute of Oceanology, Academia Sinica.     

Investigation of the triggering mechanism and runout characteristics of an earthflow in Zhimei village,Chengduo, Qinghai,China

Natural Hazards - On September 7, 2017, a slope failure occurred in Zhimei village, Chengduo County, Qinghai Province, China. This event involved the failure of 2.4?×?104 m3 of...     

Chemistry of pyrites from Babaoshan iron and copper polymetallic ore deposit in Western Henan ProvinceEI北大核心CSCD

The Babaoshan iron and copper polymetallic deposit, which is located in Lushi county Henan province, is unique for its iron-predominated ore mineralization among all the Mesozoic porphyry metallogenic systems in the southern margin of the North China Craton. Pyrite is ubiquitous in the southern and western parts of the deposit. Their EMPA analyses indicated the contents of S and Fe are more than 90% in total, the contents of Cu and As of the pyrites vary considerably even within the same grain. The abrupt change suggests mixing of ore-forming fluid and upward magmatic vapors from the same magmatic-hydrothermal system is the major force to induce pyrite deposition. That As exist in two valence states, As3+ and As1-, revealed that the Babaoshan pyrite-forming fluid was oxidative originally and changed to be reductive subsequently. The oxygen fugacity fluctuation is a positive factor to the formation of the Babaoshan porphyry copper deposit. ©, 2015, Science Press. All right reserved.     

Farmer’s adaptive strategies on land competition between societal outcomes and agroecosystem conservation in the purple-soiled hilly region, southwestern China

The worldwide extension and intensification of farming during the last century has led to ecosystem degradation and caused a series of environmental problems.Conservation of ecosystem services in agricultural regions has been implemented by top-down government actions or initiated by resilience scientists in the developed countries,but little attention was paid in the developing countries,especially in some remote mountainous regions.The present paper presents a case study showing how local farmers obtained both maximal societal outcomes and agroecosystem conservation interests in the absence of distinct boundaries between agricultural and protected ecological areas in the densely populated purple-soiled hilly region of southwestern China.The local community(Yanting County) has developed a mosaic agricultural-forestry-fishery-stock breeding system with spatially targeted land uses,diverse agricultural productions and multiple ecological partnerships.It indicates that the local farmers have hereditarily perceived sound strategies on maximizing sustainable societal outcomes and optimizing tradeoffs among macro-market,state policy,new technological facility and ecological reinforcement.