2017年西藏米林MS6.9地震前地磁垂直强度极化异常特征

基于中国大陆65 个地磁台站秒采样观测资料,利用地磁垂直强度极化方法提取了2017年西藏米林M_S6.9 地震震中及附近区域超低频电磁异常信号并分析其时空演化特征。结果显示:米林M_S6.9 地震前在青藏高原出现了大范围的地磁垂直强度极化高值异常,异常过程共持续9天;高值异常开始于2017 年10 月30 日,高值持续3 天之后出现短时间下降,随即转折上升,再次出现高值异常并持续了4 天,在此过程中各高值台站的时序曲线呈现出单峰或双峰的形态。空间分布图显示高值异常在中国大陆西部区域反复出现,尤其是在青藏高原巴颜喀拉地块与羌塘地块的交界处。异常呈“出现—扩大—收缩—消失—扩大—消失”的演化过程,10月31日异常面积达到最大值。异常过程结束后10天发生了西藏米林M_S6.9地震,震中距离10 月31 日异常阈值线5 km。综合分析认为,此次异常与米林地震具有较强的时空相关性,是可靠的地震电磁前兆异常。      

Numerical simulation of carbon dioxide injection for enhanced gas recovery (CO2-EGR) in Altmark natural gas field

This paper studied the CO₂-EGR in Altmark natural gas field with numerical simulations. The hydro-mechanical coupled simulations were run using a linked simulator TOUGH2MP-FLAC3D. In order to consider the gas mixing process, EOS7C was implemented in TOUGH2MP. A multi-layered 3D model (4.4 km × 2 km × 1 km) which consists of the whole reservoir, caprock and base rock was generated based on a history-matched PETREL model, originally built by GDF SUEZ E&P Deutschland GmbH for Altmark natural gas field. The model is heterogeneous and discretized into 26,015 grid blocks. In the simulation, 100,000 t CO₂ was injected in the reservoir through well S13 within 2 years, while gas was produced from the well S14. Some sensitivity analyses were also carried out. Simulation results show that CO₂ tends to migrate toward the production well S14 along a NW–SE fault. It reached the observation wells S1 and S16 after 2 years, but no breakthrough occurred in the production well. After 2 years of CO₂ injection, the reservoir pressure increased by 2.5 bar, which is beneficial for gas recovery. The largest uplift (1 mm) occurred at the bottom of the caprock. The deformation was small (elastic) and caprock integrity was not affected. With the injection rate doubled the average pressure increased by 5.3 bar. Even then the CO₂ did not reach the production well S14 after 2 years of injection. It could be concluded that the previous flow field was established during the primary gas production history. This former flow field, including CO₂ injection/CH₄ production rate during CO₂-EGR and fault directions and intensity are the most important factors affecting the CO₂ transport.     

职业教育资源分布影响因素及空间均衡性研究

厘清中、高等职业教育资源分布及其影响因素是完善中国职业教育体系、推动职业教育区域均衡发展的重要命题。本文针对县域尺度上职业教育资源空间分布特征及影响因素认识的不足,收集制备了县域尺度多要素匹配数据集,解析了2000—2020年间中国中等与高等职业教育资源的空间分布特征及其与经济社会发展指标的关系,进而从分布均衡性、产业匹配的角度诊断了中国职业教育资源的布局优化方向,提炼了优化发展建议。研究表明,中国中等与高等职业教育资源在不同空间尺度上均呈现以“胡焕庸线”为界东密西疏的分布格局。从影响因素差异上看,15岁以下人口占比和二、三产企业数量分别对中职、高职院校规模起到积极正影响。同时,中职教育资源分布显示出普遍性、下沉性及西部欠均衡的特征,而高职教育资源则表现出地级市内部区县间差异占主导,东部地区均衡性弱的特征。因此,研究建议根据地方与周边经济发展、产业和人才需求,优化分级、分类职业教育资源的配置。东部地区合理调控市域间高职院校资源配置,西部地区加大均衡性较差区县的中职教育资源投入,实现跨区协同合作;构建依托高职院校资源聚集的市域,带动周边县域专业相衔接的中职院校发展,持续提升其社会认可度,助力乡村振兴与新型城镇化建设。     

柴达木盆地地质遗迹资源评价

柴达木盆地出露有大量的地质遗迹,对其进行科学、系统的分类和评价,可为其开发与保护提供科学依据。基于系统的野外调查,采用定性描述与定量评价相结合的方法,从资源价值和开发条件两个方面选取自然完整性、科学价值、美学价值、可保护性和基础服务设施等作为主要评价指标,建立多层层次结构模型,运用层次分析法对其进行综合评价。结果表明：（1）盆地地质遗迹类型多样,大部分较为脆弱和珍贵,目前保护措施并不完善;（2）水景类资源综合得分88.96,山石景类86.48,古生物遗迹或可疑古生物遗迹类78.22,古人类74.25,古植物73.51,冰川类68.15。根据定量分析的结果对区域内地质遗迹进行分级,提出对地质遗迹资源进行分级保护的建议。本研究对柴达木盆地地质遗迹资源的保护、科学知识的普及以及促进区域地学旅游事业的发展和地质公园建设等均具有一定的指导意义。     

电离层斜测数据集

电离层斜测数据集包括F₂层临界频率数据和最大电子密度空间分布图,来源于中国地震电离层监测试验网观测数据。2008年汶川地震后,中国地震局地震预测研究所和中国电子科技集团第22研究所,在国防科技工业电波环境观测站网原有的稀疏发射站网基础上,根据地震重点监测区带分布和区域数据覆盖能力的双重需要,利用电离层对地基发射信号的反射特性,在华北5个电离层垂测发射站的基础上,建立了20个电离层斜测接收站,形成100条发射—接收链路,达到以经济手段取得电离层加密监测的效果。数据由接收台站接收后,汇聚到北京数据中心,并建立Oracle数据库,将数据入库。通过人工判读,生成可应用的电离层斜测观测数据。此数据集通过数据共享网站提供数据共享服务,可为地震系统内部各省地震局和研究所进行地震监测预测研究以及系统外部科研机构和院校电离层观测研究提供基础数据。     

Caractérisation géochimique et bactériologique des nappes d’une région à climat tropical sec au centre Sud de Madagascar

Résumé

Le district de Betroka, soumis à un climat tropical sec, connaît d’importants problèmes de ressource en eau. Cette situation se traduit pour de nombreux habitants par la consommation d’eau de très mauvaise qualité tant sur le plan physico-chimique, que sur le plan bactériologique. Pour tenter d’améliorer cette situation, le gouvernement malgache a entrepris un programme d’alimentation en eau potable et assainissement en milieu rural (projet 350 forages), cadre du présent travail, afin d’assurer à l’eau destinée à l’alimentation humaine une qualité suffisante en termes bactériologique et minéral. L’étude microbiologique de l’eau souterraine du district de Betroka a confirmé l’absence de bactéries d’origine fécale. L’étude hydrochimique a révélé différents processus conduisant à la minéralisation des eaux souterraines en relation avec : (a) la remontée d’eau saline d’origine profonde à partir des fractures transversales du cisaillement majeur de Betroka, et à partir des failles normales à l’origine du graben de Mangoky et du domaine du massif en dôme et bassin du complexe intrusif d’Ianakafy ; (b) la dissolution des aérosols et embruns marins déposés, dissous par la pluie et entraînés jusqu’aux aquifères ; et (c) l’interaction des eaux météoriques et souterraines avec les minéraux des roches encaissantes (scapolite, phlogopite, biotite, hornblende, pyroxène…) qui pourrait également contribuer à la forte minéralisation observée.     

Thermo-hydro-mechanical modeling of carbon dioxide injection for enhanced gas-recovery (CO2-EGR): a benchmarking study for code comparison

The objective of this paper was to investigate the THM-coupled responses of the storage formation and caprock, induced by gas production, CO₂-EGR (enhanced gas recovery), and CO₂-storage. A generic 3D planer model (20,000?×?3,000?×?100?m, consisting of 1,200?m overburden, 100?m caprock, 200?m gas reservoir, and 1,500?m base rock) is adopted for the simulation process using the integrated code TOUGH2/EOS7C-FLAC3D and the multi-purpose simulator OpenGeoSys. Both simulators agree that the CO₂-EGR phase under a balanced injection rate (31,500?tons/year) will cause almost no change in the reservoir pressure. The gas recovery rate increases 1.4?% in the 5-year CO₂-EGR phase, and a better EGR effect could be achieved by increasing the distance between injection and production wells (e.g., 5.83?% for 5?km distance, instead of 1.2?km in this study). Under the considered conditions there is no evidence of plastic deformation and both reservoir and caprock behave elastically at all operation stages. The stress path could be predicted analytically and the results show that the isotropic and extensional stress regime will switch to the compressional stress regime, when the pore pressure rises to a specific level. Both simulators agree regarding modification of the reservoir stress state. With further CO₂-injection tension failure in reservoir could occur, but shear failure will never happen under these conditions. Using TOUGH-FLAC, a scenario case is also analyzed with the assumption that the reservoir is naturally fractured. The specific analysis shows that the maximal storage pressure is 13.6?MPa which is determined by the penetration criterion of the caprock.     

姬塬油田胡154井区延长组长4+5储层特征

通过岩心观察、测井及各类分析测试资料,对姬塬油田胡1 54井区延长组长4+5油层组储层岩石学、孔隙结构和储集体物性等特征进行了研究.结果表明,研究区延长组长4+5为典型的低孔、特低孔-起低渗储层;储集砂体为成分成熟度和结构成熟度都较低的岩屑质长石砂岩和长石质岩屑砂岩;储集空间主要为粒间孔和长石溶孔;孔隙结构以小孔微喉型...     

Progress and development on multi-parameters remote sensing application in earthquake monitoring in China

In this paper, the progress and development on remote sensing technology applied in earthquake monitoring research are summarized, such as differential interference synthetic aperture radar (D-InSAR), infrared remote sensing, and seismo-ionospheric detecting. Many new monitoring data in this domain have been used, and new data processing methods have been developed to obtain high-precision images about crustal deformation, outgoing longwave radiation (OLR), surface latent heat flux (SLHF), and ionospheric parameters. The development in monitoring technology and data processing technique largely enriches earthquake research information and provides new tools for earthquake stereoscope monitoring system, especially on the space part. Finally, new developing trend in this area was introduced, and some key problems in future work were pointed out.     

Cognitive effects of long-term residence in the Antarctic environment

This study examined whether prolonged residence in the Antarctica had a significant impact on cognitive performance. Participants were members of the 24th and 25th Chinese National Antarctic Research Expeditions. Cognitive performance was measured with tests designed to evaluate short-term recognition, memory search and spatial cognition, measured four times： January, March, April, and June 2010. Age was controlled as a covariate, and data were analyzed using repeated-measures ANOVA. The results revealed that subjects＇ short-term memory and recognition ability remained stable, while 82% of team members exhibited improved scores on a spatial cognitive ability test. These findings have important implications for furthering our understanding of cognitive functioning in extreme environments.