决口海堤水波传播模拟和分析研究Ⅱ:2D传播

应用经验证的SWASH数学模型,分析了海堤决口中心线沿线实测水深分布规律和保护区淹没水量与淹没面积。对不同特征水深进行验证,进而探讨不同波要素对不同形式的海堤决口堤后特征水深分布情况以及波浪传播距离与时间的关系;分析了物理模型试验中海堤决口宽度以及不同波要素对堤后洪水波演进的影响;计算了不同决口深度和宽度对洪水波传播的影响,建立堤后水体淹没水量和淹没面积分布公式。成果可供我国沿海城市和地区在风暴潮和台风浪作用下海堤决口风险图绘制参考。     

疏肝消瘿方联合西药治疗甲状腺功能亢进症40例临床观察

目的：观察疏肝消瘿方联合西药治疗甲状腺功能亢进症（甲亢）的临床疗效。方法：将80例甲亢患者随机分为治疗组和对照组,每组各40例。对照组给予甲巯咪唑治疗,治疗组在对照组的基础上给予疏肝消瘿方治疗,2组均以4周为1个疗程,随访12周后,比较2组患者的临床疗效、甲状腺功能及治疗前后服用西药剂量的变化。结果：总有效率治疗组为92.5%,对照组为75.0%,2组比较,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）;2组TSH、FT3、FT4及TRAb水平治疗前后组内比较及治疗后组间比较,差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）;2组甲巯咪唑服用剂量治疗前后组内比较及治疗后组间比较,差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论：疏肝消瘿方联合西药治疗甲状腺功能亢进症疗效优于单用西药组,值得临床推广应用。     

Bioactive substances of various seaweeds and their applications and utilization

Over the past century or more,traditional uses of seaweeds began and initially comprised the simple collection,sorting and drying of seaweeds harvested from the wild,or cast upon the beach,for use as soil“manure/fertilizer/improver”.Some macroalgae were used for unprocessed food purposes and subsequently harvested and cultivated biomasses of selected brown and red seaweeds becameindustrially processed to yield alginates,mannitol,iodine,agar,agarose,carrageenan,and more recently biostimulants,etc.Products from various seaweeds are very diverse and are commonly applied in a range that includes textiles and dying,food/feed and supplements and specialized medical applications.     

Growth inhibition and oxidative stress in two species of marine diatoms exposed to 1-phenylethanol

1-phenylethanol (1-PEA) is a flavor extensively used in the production of cosmetics, beverages, and food. The release of 1-PEA into coastal environments has aroused great concern. However, its potential effects on marine organisms are still unknown. In order to provide a better understanding of the ecological risks of 1-PEA in marine environments, this study determined the toxic effects of 1-PEA on two marine diatoms (Phaeodactylum tricornutum and Skeletonema costatum). The diatoms were grown in culture medium containing different concentrations of 1-PEA for 96 h. The contents of chlorophyll a, chlorophyll c, glutathione (GSH), malondialdehyde (MDA), and the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx), were measured at the end of the exposure period. 1-PEA was shown to significantly inhibit the growth of diatoms, with 96-h EC50 values of 257.14 mg/Land 126.46 mg/L in P. tricornutum and S. costatum, respectively. In P. tricornutum, the levels of SOD, CAT, GPx, GSH, and MDA were stimulated only when 1-PEA concentrations were close to or greater than the 96-h EC50 value. However, in S. costatum, the activities of SOD and CAT, and the syntheses of two chlorophylls were inhibited even at an exposure concentration below the 96-h EC50 value. Taken together, these findings indicate a potential ecological risk by discharging 1-PEA into coastal areas and its species-specific toxic effects on marine organisms.     

加权空-谱联合保持嵌入的高光谱遥感影像降维方法

高光谱遥感影像数据量大、波段数多,容易导致“维数灾难”。传统流形学习方法一般仅考虑其光谱特征,忽略了空间信息。为此提出一种非监督的基于加权空-谱联合保持嵌入(WSCPE)的维数约简算法。首先采用加权均值滤波(WMF)方法对高光谱影像进行滤波,以消除噪点和背景点的干扰。然后根据遥感影像地物分布的空间一致性,通过采用加权空-谱联合距离(WSCD)来融合像素点的光谱信息和空间信息,有效选取各像素点的空-谱近邻,并根据像素点与其空-谱近邻点之间的坐标距离来有区别的利用其近邻点进行流形重构,提取低维鉴别特征进行地物分类。在PaviaU和Indian Pines数据集上的分类结果表明,总体分类精度分别达到了98.89%和95.47%。该方法在反映影像内部流形结构的同时,有效融合了影像的空间-光谱信息,故能提高影像特征的鉴别性,并提升分类性能。     

Preparation and characterization of agar,agarose,and agaropectin from the red alga Ahnfeltia plicata

Agar,agarose,and agaropectin were extracted from the red alga Ahnfeltia plicata,and their properties and structures were characterized.Agar was extracted by a comparatively low alkaline consumption of 1.2%.It exhibited a gel strength of 1 152.50±74.25 g/cm^2 and a sulfate content of 0.55%±0.08%.The yield of agar from A.plicata was 24.53%,which is higher than those of other agarophytes commonly used in China.Three kinds of the method were compared for the purification of agarose,and the physicochemical properties of agarose that was prepared under the optimal condition were identical to those of commercially available agarose.Furthermore,agaropectin was purified from A.plicata and characterized by GC,HPLC,UV-spectrum,and FI-IR to understand its composition and structure.It was the first time to comprehensively study the agar and its fractions from the red alga of A.plicata.This research provided an eco-friendly agar extraction method from A.plicata and revealed its potential application for the production of agar,agarose,and agaropectin.     

GNSS接收机DCB短期时变特征分析和估计方法

提出一种使用非差非组合精密单点定位(PPP)估计和分析接收机DCB短时时变特征的方法。首先利用非差非组合PPP得到包含接收机DCB的重构电离层参数估值;然后通过IGS电离层GIMs格网模型内插剥离各历元站星斜向电离层距离延迟;最后通过最小二乘约束得到各历元接收机DCB解。由于格网本身精度(2~8 TECU)和插值精度限制,解算出来的接收机DCB并不能真实反映其短期时变特征。为此,提出利用站间单差或者历元间差分的方法还原其真实的变化态势。实验结果表明,所提出的方法能够正确估计接收机DCB,并能真实还原其短期时变特征,具有良好的适用性。     

气候系统预测:基础创新和集成应用

随着全球变暖,极端天气气候事件增强,天气气候灾害造成的损失也愈发严重。当前气候预测的准确性远远不能满足社会需要,气候系统预测理论和方法面临着众多挑战性问题。为提档气候预测科学水平和准确率,由南京信息工程大学和中山大学承担的“气候系统预测研究中心”获得国家自然科学基金基础科学中心项目支持(2021年1月—2025年12月)。在该项目执行的前三年,项目团队开展了大量深入系统的研究,并取得了若干重要进展:1)揭示了气候系统的若干关键变化、驱动力和机制;2)剖析了海-陆-冰-气相互作用对我国重大极端气候事件的影响;3)在气候系统数值模式研发和预测系统集成方面取得重要进展;4)发展了延伸期-S2S-年代际的气候系统预测理论和方法。本文对这些进展作了扼要介绍,并针对气候与环境变化归因、古今气候环境研究融合、跨时空气候系统变异和极端气候、人工智能与气候科学、年代际预测和风险应对体系等关键科学问题做了展望。     

东昆仑造山带海德乌拉铀矿床成矿流体特征研究

东昆仑造山带海德乌拉铀矿床是近些年西北地区最新探明的与火山岩有关的独立铀矿床,该矿床的发现为东昆仑造山带探寻热液型铀矿床提供了指示意义。本文选择与海德乌拉铀矿成矿期相关的透明矿物（粉红色方解石、紫黑色萤石及石英）作为研究对象,系统地开展C- H- O同位素和流体包裹体研究,查明该矿床成矿流体的来源与性质,并探讨矿床成因。研究结果表明,海德乌拉铀矿床成矿期石英中主要为H2O气液两相包裹体,少见CO2- H2O两相包裹体;在粉红色方解石脉、紫黑色萤石脉中流体包裹体均含H2O气液两相包裹体,在粉红色方解石脉中偶见纯液相包裹体,均未见到纯气相及含固相包裹体。成矿期粉红色方解石、紫黑色萤石及石英中包裹体均一温度范围分别为133~187℃（均值163℃）、127~204℃（均值169℃）、183~287℃（均值219℃）,盐度范围分别为1. 40%~7. 02%NaCleq（均值3. 65%NaCleq）、0. 53%~3. 06%NaCleq（均值1. 26%NaCleq）、7. 17%~17. 26%NaCleq（均值为11. 46%NaCleq）。流体包裹体气相成分以H2O为主,另含少量CO2等。C- H- O同位素实验数据表明,流体中δ13CFluid- V- PDB、δDFluid- V- SMOW、δ18OFluid- V- SMOW值的变化范围分别为1. 59‰~1. 00‰、71‰~63‰、0. 03‰~3. 72‰,表明成矿流体并非单一来源,可能为大气降水与岩浆水混合来源。此外,沥青铀矿的沉淀主要是由于流体与围岩的相互反应所引起的物理化学条件变化加上流体沸腾/CO2去气,最终导致了沥青铀矿等成矿物质发生大规模的卸载与沉淀。     

基于生态-经济重要性的滨湖城市土地开发适宜性分区研究——以无锡市为例

契爷石水库是广东省东莞市的一座中型供水水库,为富营养化水体.为改善该水库水质,2002年10月开始从东江调水,以满足供水的水量和水质要求.在调水后的两年期间,对水文、水质和浮游植物种类和数量进行了调查.本文将调查结果与以往(2000年)调查数据进行了对比,分析了调水后该水库水质和浮游植物的特点和调水对水质的影响.调水直接导致TP浓度显著下降,丰水期的TN浓度有一定下降,但调水并没显著降低枯水期TN的浓度.调水后,丰水期水体的叶绿素a浓度有明显的增加,枯水期叶绿素a浓度大大低于调水前.与调水前相比,调水后浮游植物种类数有明显增加,特别是绿藻种类,蓝藻中的假鱼腥藻和针状蓝纤维藻仍为浮游植物优势种,但硅藻中的短小曲壳藻和针杆藻等成为新的优势种,裸藻的数量大为减少.