珊瑚脂质是其共生虫黄藻密度降低时的重要能量来源

近年来珊瑚白化现象日益严峻。白化意味着珊瑚共生虫黄藻密度的降低,然而目前关于珊瑚体内的脂质在虫黄藻密度降低时对维持能量供给稳定的意义尚不清楚。本研究以2020年3月和6月在西沙群岛采集的帛琉蜂巢珊瑚（Favia palauensis）和澄黄滨珊瑚（Porites lutea）样品为材料,通过生理参数（虫黄藻密度、脂质含量）与地球化学指标（虫黄藻的稳定氮同位素δ¹⁵N_z值）相结合的方法,探讨了珊瑚脂质对虫黄藻密度及其光合作用强度变化的响应。结果显示,夏季两种珊瑚的虫黄藻密度和δ¹⁵N_z值均显著下降,意味着夏季虫黄藻密度降低导致了其光合作用强度的降低。与此同时,两种珊瑚的脂质含量也显著下降,并且脂质含量与虫黄藻密度、δ¹⁵N_z值之间均呈正相关关系,这说明珊瑚脂质含量与虫黄藻光合作用强度的变化之间存在耦合关系。当光合作用强度降低时,珊瑚可以通过消耗其自身储存的脂质更好地维持能量供给的稳定,这对提高环境胁迫的适应能力以及抗白化能力具有重要意义。     

The abundance and radial distribution of satellite galaxies

Using detailed mock galaxy redshift surveys (MGRSs) we investigate the abundance and radial distribution of satellite galaxies. The mock surveys are constructed using large numerical simulations and the conditional luminosity function (CLF), and are compared against data from the Two Degree Field Galaxy Redshift Survey (2dFGRS). We use Monte Carlo Markov chains to explore the full posterior distribution of the CLF parameter space, and show that the average relation between light and mass is tightly constrained and in excellent agreement with our previous models and with that of Vale & Ostriker. The radial number density distribution of satellite galaxies in the 2dFGRS reveals a pronounced absence of satellites at small projected separations from their host galaxies. This is (at least partly) owing to the overlap and merging of galaxy images in the 2dFGRS parent catalogue. Owing to the resulting close-pair incompleteness we are unfortunately unable to put meaningful constraints on the radial distribution of satellite galaxies; the data are consistent with a radial number density distribution that follows that of the dark matter particles, but we cannot rule out alternatives with a constant number density core. Marginalizing over the full CLF parameter space, we show that in a ΛCDM concordance cosmology the observed abundances of host and satellite galaxies in the 2dFGRS indicate a power spectrum normalization of  σ₈≃ 0.7  . The same cosmology but with  σ₈= 0.9  is unable to match simultaneously the abundances of host and satellite galaxies. This confirms our previous conclusions based on the pairwise peculiar velocity dispersions and the group multiplicity function.     

Effects of rainfall on oil droplet size and the dispersion of spilled oil with application to Douglas Channel,British Columbia,Canada

Raindrops falling on the sea surface produce turbulence. The present study examined the influence of rain-induced turbulence on oil droplet size and dispersion of oil spills in Douglas Channel in British Columbia, Canada using hourly atmospheric data in 2011–2013. We examined three types of oils: a light oil (Cold Lake Diluent - CLD), and two heavy oils (Cold Lake Blend - CLB and Access Western Blend - AWB). We found that the turbulent energy dissipation rate produced by rainfalls is comparable to what is produced by wind-induced wave breaking in our study area. With the use of chemical dispersants, our results indicate that a heavy rainfall (rain rate > 20 mm h^? 1) can produce the maximum droplet size of 300 μm for light oil and 1000 μm for heavy oils, and it can disperse the light oil with fraction of 22–45% and the heavy oils of 8–13%, respectively. Heavy rainfalls could be a factor for the fate of oil spills in Douglas Channel, especially for a spill of light oil and the use of chemical dispersants.     

锆石微量元素及其揭示的深部过程

近十年来对锆石研究已从早期的U-Pb放射性同位素定年和锆石同位素分析,发展到大量研究锆石的微量元素。锆石微量元素不仅可以作为锆石Ti温度计估算岩浆温度,也可以用来识别锆石及其母岩的岩石类型和成因,区分岩浆熔体或者流体控制的岩浆作用、变质作用、成矿作用等深部作用过程。文中在归纳总结岩浆锆石、变质锆石、热液锆石、碎屑锆石等不同类型锆石的微量元素成分基础上,以青藏高原碰撞后超钾质岩石中产出的锆石为例,系统介绍了超钾质岩石中各类锆石的结构、年龄和微量元素特征,并应用于解释超钾质岩石成因、岩浆源区成分、岩浆演化和上部地壳物质的混染、下地壳加厚和高原隆升之间的关系。     

Semantically Enriching an Open Source Sensor Observation Service Implementation for Accessing Heterogeneous Environmental Data Sources

Many kinds of environmental data are nowadays publicly available, but spread over the web. This article discusses using the Sensor Observation Service (SOS) standard of the Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC) as a common interface for providing data from heterogeneous sources which can be integrated to a user tailored environmental information system. In order to allow for providing user‐tailored and problem‐specific information the adjusted SOS is augmented by a semantic layer which maps the environmental information to ontology concepts. The necessary information fusion from different domains and data types lead to several specific requirements for the SOS. Addressing these requirements we have implemented a SOS which still conforms to the OGC SOS 1.0.0 standard specification. The developed SOS has been integrated in a publicly available demonstrator of our personalized environmental information system. Additionally this article discusses future consequences for the SOS, caused by the recently published SOS 2.0 specification.     

四川盆地普光气田上二叠统长兴组表生岩溶特征及意义*

四川盆地二叠系和三叠系的接触关系以及长兴组岩溶成因的认识,地质界一直存在较大分歧。通过野外露头、钻井、岩心、成像测井、C-O同位素等资料研究发现,普光气田长兴组发育大规模溶沟、溶洞、囊状溶洞、岩溶角砾岩;P/T界线附近长兴组溶蚀灰岩碳同位素发生严重负偏移;长兴组顶见不整合面,成像测井岩溶相带划分明显;长兴组顶部存在地层缺失。综合分析认为,普光气田长兴组发生过表生岩溶作用,长兴阶晚期重大海退事件是引起表生岩溶的主要因素。长兴组长期接受表生岩溶作用的改造,除形成台地边缘礁滩相储集层外,在礁滩欠发育的台地内部和台地前缘上斜坡等区带,是寻找不整合岩溶储集层的有利地区。     

Coronal expansion and the transfer of solar angular momentum to the interplanetary space

We discuss the question of loss of angular momentum through coronal expansion. From a large volume of data on Type-1 cometary tails we have confirmed the presence of a tangential component in the coronal expansion, which has not only a stochastic component but also a constant component of 9.8 km/s. Through coronal expansion the Sun has lost 80% of its angular momentum since it evolved on to the main sequence and the angular velocity of the Sun is decreasing exponentially. This result should have a large effect on the dynamical evolution of the Sun.     

页岩气测井地层评价的方法与进展

页岩气测井地层评价主要围绕3个方面展开:①页岩气地层的岩性和储集参数评价,包括孔隙度、饱和度、渗透率等;②页岩的生烃潜力评价,主要包括干酪根的识别与类型划分、有机质含量、热成熟度等一系列指标的定性或定量解释;③岩石力学参数和裂缝发育指标的评价.特别是在资源调查和勘探的初期,如何从烃源岩中寻找最有利的页岩气藏富集,是地球物理测井的首要任务.近几年,国外在页岩气测井评价方面的工作主要体现在对ECS测井和高分辨率成像测井的应用.另外有研究表明,感应测井与岩石介电常数有关的X分量负异常与干酪根的存在及其类型之间有一定的相关性.     

GMS在双城市城区地下水资源评价中的应用

根据双城市水文地质条件建立了概念模型,应用GMS软件建立了研究区地质结构模型及地下水数值模拟模型。考虑自然条件以及开采量的影响,设计6种方案对研究区地下水流进行预报,结果显示以设计开采量对水源地进行开采,水源地投产10年后最大中心水位降深不会超过最大允许降深。