A Two-Moment Bulk Microphysics Coupled with a Mesoscale Model WRF: Model Description and First Results

The Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences (CAMS) two-moment bulk microphysics scheme was adopted in this study to investigate the representation of cloud and precipitation processes under different environmental conditions.The scheme predicts the mixing ratio of water vapor as well as the mixing ratios and number concentrations of cloud droplets,rain,ice,snow,and graupel.A new parameterization approach to simulate heterogeneous droplet activation was developed in this scheme.Furthermore,the improved CAMS scheme was coupled with the Weather Research and Forecasting model (WRF v3.1),which made it possible to simulate the microphysics of clouds and precipitation as well as the cloud-aerosol interactions in selected atmospheric condition.The rain event occurring on 27-28 December 2008 in eastern China was simulated using the CAMS scheme and three sophisticated microphysics schemes in the WRF model.Results showed that the simulated 36-h accumulated precipitations were generally agreed with observation data,and the CAMS scheme performed well in the southern area of the nested domain.The radar reflectivity,the averaged precipitation intensity,and the hydrometeor mixing ratios simulated by the CAMS scheme were generally consistent with those from other microphysics schemes.The hydrometeor number concentrations simulated by the CAMS scheme were also close to the experiential values in stratus clouds.The model results suggest that the CAMS scheme performs reasonably well in describing the microphysics of clouds and precipitation in the mesoscale WRF model.     

全球和区域气候模式对中国东部夏季降水季节演变模拟的比较

本文利用全球海气耦合模式(MIRO3.2_hires)和区域气候模式(RegCM3)的模拟结果,分析了东亚地区夏季降水和大气环流的季节演变特征,并与NCEP/DOE再分析资料和降水观测资料进行了对比分析.结果表明,全球和区域气候模式都能反映出中国东部地区夏季平均环流场和降水场气候态分布的基本特征,但全球模式模拟的雨带范...     

广东“十五”数字测震台网地震监测能力分析

根据广东地震台网的记录,对所属台站在实现和广东省及邻省台网数据的联网与共享后的监测能力和定位能力进行了评估,讨论了影响台网监测能力的因素,说明实现数据共享后,扩大了台网地震的监控范围,提高了网缘地震的处理能力.     

基于高阶累积量一维切片的地震信号初至自动拾取方法

将现代重要的统计信号处理理论--高阶累积量理论引入到地震信号的分析与处理中,提出了一种基于互四阶累积量一维切片的地震信号初至自动拾取方法,并给出了该方法的基本原理与具体算法.该方法利用地震信号横向波形的相似性以及互四阶累积量对高斯色噪声不敏感的特点,实现地震信号初至时间的自动拾取.理论模型计算表明,在强高斯色噪声干扰下...     

西氏鲍与皱纹盘鲍及其正反杂交F_1代样本的营养成分的组成和含量比较

对西氏鲍、皱纹盘鲍及其正反杂交F1代样本的含肉率、基本营养成分的组成和含量、矿物质含量及氨基酸和脂肪酸的组成和含量分别进行测定,并对它们的营养价值进行综合评价.结果表明,正反杂交F1代样本和皱纹盘鲍的含肉率均显著高于西氏鲍（p〈0.05）;西氏鲍的粗蛋白质含量最高（63.65%）,粗脂肪含量最低（3.37%）,2种杂交F1代样本的肌肉蛋白质含量都高于皱纹盘鲍;亲本及其正反杂交F1代样本内脏中的Fe、Mn、K、Ca、Zn、P、Cd、Pb、Cr含量均高于其足部肌肉,但4种鲍足部肌肉的各种元素含量差别不大.实验测定皱纹盘鲍♀×西氏鲍♂杂交的F1代样本的不饱和脂肪酸相对总量和牛磺酸含量高于其他3种鲍;西氏鲍♀×皱纹盘鲍♂杂交的F1代样本的氨基酸总量（56.50%）、必需氨基酸含量（17.26%）、必需氨基酸指数（93.47）及鲜味氨基酸总量（24.51%）均高于其他三者.以上实验数据说明,通过种间杂交,亲本某些遗传性状缺陷在子代中得以改良,并且获得的正反杂交F1代样本都有部分性状优于双亲.     

温度对杂色鲍不同群体生长率与存活率的影响

在16、20、24和28℃这4个设定的水温下,以杂色鲍（Haliotisdiversicolor）日本群体、台湾群体、越南群体和“东优1号”为材料,进行为期40d的养殖试验,对4个杂色鲍群体在不同温度下的壳长日增长率（LGR）和体重日增长率（WGR）进行比较．结果表明,“东优l号”杂色鲍群体在28℃时的LGR和WGR值分别达到162．23±15．79lxm／d和46．52±6．89mg／d,在4个温度下的LGR和WGR值都优于其他3个群体,台湾群体在较高温度（24和28℃）条件下的LGR和WGR值要高于日本群体,而日本群体在较低温度（16和20℃）时的值则高于台湾群体．双因素方差分析的结果进一步表明,温度对杂色鲍不同群体的生长率指标具有显著影响．     

基于权重调整的BP神经网络在Nino区海温预报中的应用

传统BP神经网络在训练完之后,其权重是固定不变的,加上神经网络的样本的标准化处理,将使得网络不易描绘样本峰值.因此,本文考虑变权的方法,以调节训练后的BP网络权重,基于变权次数,建立不同网络模型,并利用不同网络输出值与相应实测值进行比较.结果表明:变权BP网络预报效果有较大提升,同时,降低了对因子相关性的要求.     

Research progress in cold region wetlands, China

China has some of the most abundant wetland resources in the world. Cold region wetlands cover more than 60% of the total natural wetlands in China and play an indispensable role in global climate regulation, water holding, uptake and emission of greenhouse gases, and biodiversity conservation. Because cold region wetlands are sensitive to climatic and environmental changes, it is important for ecological conservation and environmental management to summarize and analyze current research progress on these specific ecosystems. This paper reviews the focus of present studies on the typical cold region wetlands in the northeast region and the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau of China from several aspects as follows: types and distribution, responses of permafrost to climatic changes, uptake and emission of greenhouse gas, eco-hydrological processes, and vegetation succession. Our conclusions are: global warming has a long-term and serious impact on cold region permafrost; emission of greenhouse gases has great temporal and spatial heterogeneity; and hygrophytes in the cold region wetlands have been generally replaced by xerophytes, although it is still unclear whether the vegetation diversity index has increased or decreased. Based on this review, some key topics for future study are recommended as follows: (1) the response of degeneration of cold region permafrost at various spatial and temporal scales; (2) prediction of wetland degeneration tendency by coupling weather, soil, and hydrological models; (3) evaluation of carbon storage; (4) the actual response mechanisms of greenhouse gases to climatic changes; and (5) development of water requirement calculation methods tailored to the unique ecosystems of cold region wetlands.     

国内自然遗产地的解说系统重构——注重启智教育功能开发

从我国自然遗产地解说系统的现有问题出发,论述了解说在自然资源管理和游客管理之间所起的关键性桥梁作用,指出了重构我国自然遗产地解说系统的必要性.在实地调研了中、美、澳等多个自然遗产类旅游目的地后,以较多的实例比照了中外解说系统建设上的差异,从解说信息、解说项目、解说媒介、解说渠道、解说手段和解说技术等方面探索了我国自然遗产地解说系统的重构路径,着重阐述了解说系统在发挥自然遗产地教育和启智功能方面的意义和方法.     

拉萨夏季大气热源10~20 d的振荡特征

利用逐日大气热源资料分析1950-2006年拉萨夏季大气热源的气候及其异常特征。结果表明:1)拉萨夏季大气热源的气候平均值为88 W·m^-2,明显低于亚洲季风槽区夏季热源的气候平均值,是一般强度的大气热源区。20世纪90年代中期拉萨夏季大气热源趋于减弱,21世纪初其值接近于0。2)拉萨夏季57 a大气热源10~20 d振荡强度约为季节内振荡平均强度的2倍,显著年数(33 a)占总年数的57.6%,因此10~20 d振荡是拉萨夏季大气热源季节内振荡的重要分量。3)拉萨夏季大气热源10~20 d振荡强度存在明显的季节内变化(7月上旬前后振荡最强)和明显的年代际差异(20世纪50年代末-60年代中、80-90年代前期是两个强振荡阶段)。