论宁夏金场子渗流热卤水-表生改造型金矿床的矿源

稳定同位素、岩石微量元素(金)和地质特征研究的结果,表明金场子金矿床的成矿物质来源系上地壳源,并且金、银、铅、铜等金属和硫、硒、砷、氯、氟、碳等来源于石炭纪和泥盆纪沉积岩。成矿流体是大气水和沉积地层水的混合溶液。金矿化与地热流体渗流热卤水成矿作用和表生风化成矿作用有关。     

The Application of Computerized Pattern Recognition to the Prediction of Mineral Resources

The technique of mineral prediction by pattern recognition has been developed through the applicationof computerized pattern recognition to geological exploration. The principles and computing method of thistechnique as well as some characteristics of its application in geological exploration are expounded in thispaper. Some of the study results gained by the authors in this aspect are also given. which include classifica-tion of oil-field waters. evaluation of gossans of main ore deposits in China, prediction of ore resources inthe Dachang Sn-polymetallic field. and appraisal of Pb and Sn anomalies and prediction of mineral re-sources in southern Hunan. Some of the prediction results have been proved correct.     

相山及邻区七个火山盆地火山岩岩性特征及成因探讨

本文研究赣杭构造带西南端相山及其邻区7个火山盆地主体岩石的特征和成因,从地质产状、岩性、岩石化学等方面做了论述。采用了红外光谱、矿物包裹体、高温实验等研究方法,探讨了岩石的形成机理。相山主体岩石是一种成因特殊的火山碎屑（斑）熔岩,即岩颈碎屑熔岩和岩流碎屑熔岩。相山等火山盆地主体岩石边部的塑性岩屑不是熔离成因,而是由火山喷发作用形成的。火山碎屑熔岩中的斜长石牌号变化大,钾长石主要是低透长石,表明岩石的形成具有高温特征。不同岩石相的矿物中的熔融包裹体有明显的形态标型。碎眉熔岩中的石英碎斑结构,主要是高温热炸裂成因的。7个火山盆地中的主体岩石可划分两大类:相山、玉华山和礼陂火山盆地的主体岩石是火山碎屑熔岩;高家、林家、谙源和谭港火山盆地的主体岩石是弱熔结凝灰岩。     

金沙江下段河槽地貌特征与地貌过程*

文章利用金沙江河谷地貌调查与水利工程选址勘察地质资料,根据河槽纵剖面与18个河谷横剖面的资料以及攀枝花金江河段、会理鱼鲊河段、元谋龙街河段、禄劝凹嘎河段的阶地调查结果,对金沙江下段河槽地貌进行了初步分析,金沙江下段的河谷为典型的深切"V"形河谷,在虎跳峡、乌东德、白鹤滩峡谷段河槽比降发生明显变化。根据河谷阶地下切幅度与形成时代,以T₃阶地计算金沙江下段河槽平均下切速率达到0.71~1.18m/ka,以T₂阶地计算金沙江下段河槽平均下切速率为0.75~1.36m/ka,因此,近十几万年来,金沙江下段河谷平均下切速率达到0.9~1.0m/ka。现代金沙江河槽底部均堆积了一定厚度的冲积-崩积物覆盖层,最厚的石鼓剖面河床底部冲积物盖层达到173m,一般河段堆积物盖层均达10m以上。金沙江河槽的迁移是河槽下切过程与岸坡崩塌过程综合作用的结果,形成原河槽崩塌阻塞,河槽被动迁移或原河槽改道下切,形成古河槽-离堆山-新河槽的地貌组合,以及河槽侧向迁移3种模式。     

Measuring global energy-related sulfur oxides emissions embodied in trade: a multi-regional and multi-sectoral analysis

Sulfur oxides (SO_X) emissions embodied in trade (SEET) may play an important role in affecting national responsibilities toward pollutant emission reduction within the context of global greenhouse gas emission policy. This paper analyzes the change of the SEET associated with energy consumption from the perspective of a country and a sector between 1995 and 2011, exploring the evolution characteristic of the sources and flows of the SEET for 39 countries, as well as measuring the production-based and consumption-based global SO_X emissions’ inventory and investigating the impact of international trade on the allocation of national pollutant emissions’ reduction obligations. One important finding is that the volume of SO_X emissions embodied in global trade increased dramatically from 1995 to 2011, and the global SO_X emissions stemming from anthropogenic energy consumption are mostly from China and the USA. Another important finding is that, referring to specific sectors, whether seen from the total SEET or from the sources of SEET or from the total SO_X emissions occurring from economic consumption and production, energy sectors, like electricity, gas, and water supply and coke, refined petroleum, and nuclear fuel, are the main contributors to the increase in the global SO_X emissions. Notably, however, our results show that the sector of agriculture, hunting, forestry, and fishing should be allocated more SO_X emission reduction responsibilities under a consumption-based emissions’ accounting inventory.

     

High-Frequency Rayleigh-Wave Method

High-frequency (≥2 Hz) Rayleigh-wave data acquired with a multichannei recording sys-tem have been utilized to determine shear (S)-wave velocities in near-surface geophysics since the early 1980s. This overview article discusses the main research results of high-frequency surface-wave tech-niques achieved by research groups at the Kansas Geological Survey and China University of Geosciences in the last 15 years. The multichannel analysis of surface wave (MASW) method is a nou-iuvasive acoustic approach to estimate near-surface S-wave velocity. The differences between MASW results and direct borehole measurements are approximately 15% or less and random. Studies show that simultaneous inversion with higher modes and the fundamental mode can increase model resolution and an investigation depth. The other important seismic property, quality factor (Q), can also be estimated with the MASW method by inverting attenuation coefficients of Rayleigh waves. An inverted model (S-wave velocity or Q) obtained using a damped least-squares method can be assessed by an optimal damping vector in a vicinity of the inverted model determined by an objective function, which is the trace of a weighted sum of model-resolution and model-covariance matrices. Current developments include modeling high-frequency Rayleigh-waves in near-surface media, which builds a foundation for shallow seismic or Rayleigh-wave inversion in the time-offset domain; imaging dispersive energy with high resolution in the frequency-velocity domain and possibly with data in an arbitrary acquisition geometry, which opens a door for 3D surface-wave techniques; and successfully separating surface-wave modes, which provides a valuable tool to perform S-wave velocity profiling with high-horizontal resolution.     

黑龙江北部多宝山矿区奥陶系的岩石特征和构造意义

黑龙江北部多宝山矿区广泛发育奥陶系,因含有铜、钼矿源层而受到地质界的注意.本文概述了其生物地层和沉积特征,重点探讨了其火山岩的岩石化学特征.该套火山岩总体上属钙碱性系列,部分（主要是酸性岩）可能属拉斑玄武岩系.下旋回（窝里河组）火山岩以相对低K、La和Eu负异常为特征,总体属大陆边缘岛弧,局部显示出大洋岛弧安山岩的性质.上旋回（多宝山组）的弧则属大陆边缘岛弧与安第斯型山弧的过渡类型,部分地区可能有安第斯型山弧发育.分5个阶段重塑了该区奥陶纪大地构造演化,早古代洋壳向东偏北消减于布列亚一佳木斯地块之下,因后退式的消减而火山弧向西偏南迁移,构造线方向为北北西向.     

大兴安岭北部额尔古纳地区塔木兰沟组火山岩岩石地球化学特征及成因

额尔古纳地区塔木兰沟组火山岩的岩石地球化学成分显示其以粗安岩为主,少量安山岩和玄武安山岩。该组火山岩SiO_2含量为53.47%~58.50%,全碱含量为[w(K_2O+Na_2O)]4.27%~7.68%,w(MgO)=1.76%~4.03%,Mg~#=0.34~0.51;微量元素分析表明,稀土元素配分模式呈轻稀土富集右倾型,轻重稀土元素分馏较强[(La/Yb)_N=16.35~33.73],富集Rb、Ba、K、Sr等大离子亲石元素(LILE),亏损Nb、Ta等高场强元素(HFSE),Eu负异常不明显(δEu=0.89~0.92)。地球化学等特征表明塔木兰沟组火山岩未经受明显的地壳物质混染,岩浆来源于俯冲流体交代形成的富集岩石圈地幔,经历了以分离结晶作用为主导的演化过程。综合研究认为,额尔古纳地区塔木兰沟组火山岩形成于岩石圈伸展构造环境,与蒙古—鄂霍茨克洋闭合后的后造山伸展体制有关。     

Rock associations and their spatial-Temporal variations of the early mesozoic igneous rocks in the NE Asia: Constraints on the initial subduction timing of the paleo-pacific plate北大核心CSCD

This paper summarizes rook associations and spatial-Temporal variations of the early Mesozoic igneous rocks in the NE Asia, with the aim of revealing the initial subduction timing of the Paleo-Pacific Plate beneath the Eurasia, and the relationships between the early Mesozoic magmatisms and the Paleo-Asian tectonic system, Mongol-Okhotsk tectonic system, and amalgamation of the Yangtze and North China cratons. Dating results indicate that the early Mesozoic magmatisms in the NE Asia can be subdivided into three stages, i.e., Early-Middle Triassic, Late Triassic, and Early Jurassic. The early Mesozoic calc-Alkaline magmatisms within the Erguna Massif reveal southward subduction of the Mongol-Okhotsk oceanic plate. The Triassic alkaline and bimodal magmatisms within the northern margin of the North China Craton indicate an extensional environment related to the final closure of the Paleo-Asian Ocean. The Late Triassic A-Type rhyo- lites and bimodal magmatisms, together with the Late Triassic stable sedimentary rocks, in eastern Heilongjiang-Jilin provinces, reveal an extensional environment and passive continental margin setting, whereas the Early Jurassic calc-Alkaline magmatisms and its compositional variations, together with the coeval accretionary complex, reveal the onset of the Paleo- Pacific plate beneath the Euirasian continent.     

东秦岭造山带两类元古宙地壳基底及其地壳增生

通过研究南秦岭地区陡岭群、武当群和北秦岭地区秦岭群的变质基性岩等的铅同位素和微量元素组成，揭示出东秦岭造山带分布有两种性质及不同归属的元古宙地壳，指出中、古元古代时可能一个统一的地壳基底；南秦岭的中、古元古代地壳是在扬子陆地基底上通过岛弧的侧向加积形成和，北秦岭元古宙地壳则可能垂向增生于一个富入射性成因铅同位素组成的、具古洋壳幔性质的微地块之上，研究还表明陡岭群不是北秦岭地区的秦岭群，而应属于南秦