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881.
雨量监测的准确性对天气预报、气候变化、服务决策、防灾减灾等有着重要的影响和意义,而雨量站网布设直接影响雨量监测的准确性。选取四川省雅安市作为研究对象,在现有站网布设的基础上,采用相关性分析,提出基于抽站的站网布设优化方法,并对抽站后的站网布设合理性进行评价。结果表明:(1)雅安雨量站有265站,各站点的控制面积为2.64~510.78 km2,邻近站间距离为0.3~12.28 km,邻近站间降水相关系数为0.62~0.993;(2)逐次抽站后,雨量站控制面积和邻近站间距离逐渐增大,邻近站点间降水相关系数逐渐减小;(3)抽站后站网面雨量与原站网面雨量较一致,误差较小,泰森多边形法面雨量变化幅度小于算术平均法;(4)从降水过程来看,各次抽站后,降水落区和各量级降水范围基本一致,站网对降水极值的捕捉能力较好,误差较小,但随着站点数的减少,对于降水形态刻画的精细程度有所下降。 相似文献
882.
The effects of four microalgae,Chlorella vulgaris,Platymonas helgolandicavar,Isochrysis galbana,and Nitzschia closterium on the grazing and filtering rates of the marine rotifer,Brachionus plicatilis,were evaluated under laboratory conditions.The grazing rates in separate cultures of the four microalga were as follows:C.vulgaris > P.helgolandicavar > I.galbana > N.closterium.However,the filtering rates occurred in the following order:P.helgolandicavar > N.closterium > C.vulgaris > I.galbana.A mixed diets ex... 相似文献
883.
Using wavelet analysis, regression analysis and the Mann-Kendall test, this paper analyzed time-series (1959–2006) weather
data from 23 meteorological stations in an attempt to characterize the climate change in the Tarim River Basin of Xinjiang
Uygur Autonomous Region, China. Major findings are as follows: 1) In the 48-year study period, average annual temperature,
annual precipitation and average annual relative humidity all presented nonlinear trends. 2) At the 16-year time scale, all
three climate indices unanimously showed a rather flat before 1964 and a detectable pickup thereafter. At the 8-year time
scale, an S-shaped nonlinear and uprising trend was revealed with slight fluctuations in the entire process for all three
indices. Incidentally, they all showed similar pattern of a slight increase before 1980 and a noticeable up-swing afterwards.
The 4-year time scale provided a highly fluctuating pattern of periodical oscillations and spiral increases. 3) Average annual
relative humidity presented a negative correlation with average annual temperature and a positive correlation with annual
precipitation at each time scale, which revealed a close dynamic relationship among them at the confidence level of 0.001.
4) The Mann-Kendall test at the 0.05 confidence level demonstrated that the climate warming trend, as represented by the rising
average annual temperature, was remarkable, but the climate wetting trend, as indicated by the rising annual precipitation
and average annual relative humidity, was not obvious. 相似文献
884.
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886.
Valentina Asnaghi Mariachiara Chiantore Rosa‐Maria Bertolotto Valeriano Parravicini Riccardo Cattaneo‐Vietti Federico Gaino Paolo Moretto Davide Privitera Luisa Mangialajo 《Marine Ecology》2009,30(4):505-513
The Water Framework Directive (WFD) 2000/60/EC, adopted by the European Community in 2000 with the goal of maintaining and improving the aquatic environments, requires that member states achieve and maintain a good ecological status of all water bodies by 2015. In the marine context, the ecological status has to be quantified applying indexes based on appropriate key biological elements, which allow the categorization of water bodies into five Ecological Status (ES) classes. The CARLIT index is a cartographic monitoring tool enabling the Ecological Quality Ratio (EQR) to be calculated using macroalgae in coastal hard bottoms as a key biological element; at present it is being applied in Spain, France and Italy. To detect actual changes of water quality and, consequently, rely on the application of indexes for the assessment of the ecological status in the marine environment, it is necessary to evaluate their sensitivity to natural variability at different temporal and spatial scales. In this study we present a first quantification of natural (spatial and temporal) variability of EQR‐CARLIT quality assessment in 2006 and 2007 along the Ligurian coast (North‐Western Mediterranean, Italy). The EQR‐CARLIT values recorded along the Ligurian coastline show that natural variability of EQR‐CARLIT is low and that it does not affect the attribution of a given stretch of coast to a particular ES class, in agreement with the major human pressures acting in the area (urbanization, river load, sea‐farming). A small‐scale variability was detected, strengthening the use of cartography of the whole rocky shore, whenever possible, or, alternatively, the assessment of the ecological status for long stretches of coast, to encompass the small‐scale variability due to local factors. 相似文献
887.
互花米草入侵对河口盐沼湿地食物网的影响 总被引:3,自引:2,他引:1
盐沼湿地因其在河口及沿岸水域生态系统中的重要地位而被普遍关注,近年来互花米草在长江口乃至整个东南沿海地区的入侵及迅速蔓延更是引起了广泛重视。由于对维系本区域湿地生态系统运转的食物网结构的了解仍很有限,从而难以准确评估互花米草入侵后对原有生态系统的影响。本研究通过基于碳、氮稳定同位素测定结果的IsoSource软件估算和聚类分析,对长江口盐沼湿地内不同初级生产者的相对营养贡献大小进行了初步评估。结果显示在该湿地食物网中,底栖微藻和本土陆源C3植物是主要的营养来源。入侵C4植物互花米草的营养贡献不显著,在本次研究中仅有堇拟沼螺这一腹足类消费者在夏季较为确定地表现出对源自互花米草的富δ13C的有机质的摄取。随着互花米草的迅速扩散,其在长江口湿地的有机质产出中所占比例还将不断增加,这将可能从营养基础的层面自下而上对该食物网的结构和功能造成影响。 相似文献
888.
A Wind stress–Current Coupled System (WCCS) consisting of the HYbrid Coordinate Ocean Model (HYCOM) and an improved wind stress algorithm based on Donelan et al. [Donelan, W.M., Drennan, Katsaros, K.B., 1997. The air–sea momentum flux in mixed wind sea and swell conditions. J. Phys. Oceanogr. 27, 2087–2099] is developed by using the Earth System Modeling Framework (ESMF). The WCCS is applied to the global ocean to study the interactions between the wind stress and the ocean surface currents. In this study, the ocean surface current velocity is taken into consideration in the wind stress calculation and air–sea heat flux calculation. The wind stress that contains the effect of ocean surface current velocity will be used to force the HYCOM. The results indicate that the ocean surface velocity exerts an important influence on the wind stress, which, in turn, significantly affects the global ocean surface currents, air–sea heat fluxes, and the thickness of ocean surface boundary layer. Comparison with the TOGA TAO buoy data, the sea surface temperature from the wind–current coupled simulation showed noticeable improvement over the stand-alone HYCOM simulation. 相似文献
889.
The microscopic organisms from sediments are classified into microbenthos and meiobenthos. The former groups are usually referred to protozoa, microalgae and bacteria, whereas the latter comprise micrometazoa defined by mesh-size. Micro- and meiobenthos have been suggested as being one complex and are characterized by their small size, relative short life spans, high turnover rate, and complicated trophic structure. The quantification of the exchange rate of carbon seems a prerequisite for understanding the processes regulating the trophic structure in this complex, where the basic interactions of micro- and meiobenthos include nutrition, competition, synergy and inhibition, etc. The ecological processes mediating the interactions between these groups are poorly understood and invite our attention to more detailed studies. In this paper, we summarize literature data to outline the interactions of the two major assemblages and discuss the main progress in benthic microbial food web. 相似文献
890.
一种新方法——低渗诱导虾夷扇贝三倍体的研究 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
研究开发了1种多倍体诱导的新方法,采用低渗抑制受精卵第2极体(PB2)的释放诱导虾夷扇贝(Patinopecten yessoensis)三倍体.结果表明:以低渗盐度S=12,在第一个PB2出现时开始处理,持续处理20 min,诱导率可高达(84.74±3.82)%;三倍体处理组的幼虫比对照组具有明显的生长优势,但是幼虫存活率低于二倍体对照组. 相似文献