南极海洋动物粪土源N2O稳定同位素实验研究

N₂O是一种重要的温室气体,土壤是全球N₂O的重要排放源。通过测定土壤源N₂O中N、O同位素值,可以有效识别N₂O的来源途径。本文采集了南极法尔兹半岛两个地点的海豹粪土（HS和GS）、阿德雷岛两个地点的企鹅粪土(AB和AF)以及东南极的帝企鹅粪土(DQ和DQT),在室内对所采集的样品分别在有氧和厌氧条件下进行冻融培养实验。结果表明：土壤在厌氧条件下比有氧条件下排放了更多的N₂O。土壤排放的N₂O与当地大气N₂O相比普遍贫15N和18O。除DQT和HS外, δ15N和δ18O在有氧和厌氧培养下均呈现很好的正相关性。N₂O排放量下降的同时伴随着培养瓶内剩余N₂O中δ15N和δ18O 值的增加,证实N₂O还原为N2的过程会引起重同位素富集。高的水分含量有利于土壤反硝化作用的进行,使释放的N₂O气体富集重同位素;pH值也会影响N₂O的同位素组成,低pH会引起δ15N值增加。     

地理信息数据质量的概念、评价和表述——地理信息数据质量控制国家标准核心内容浅析

介绍已经报批的国家标准<地理信息质量原则>和<地理信息质量评价过程>所确定的地理信息数据质量元素、子元素及其描述符,数据质量评价的方法、内容和要求,以及数据质量评价结果的表达方法,并就我国这一领域存在的问题和相关标准及今后的发展简单地进行了分析.     

Spatial distribution of large-scale landslides induced by the 5.12 Wenchuan Earthquake

The 5.12 Wenchuan Earthquake in 2008 induced hundreds of large-scale landslides. This paper systematically analyzes 112 large-scale landslides (surface area > 50000 m2), which were identified by interpretation of remote sensing imagery and field investigations. The analysis suggests that the distribution of large-scale landslides is affected by the following four factors: (a) distance effect: 80% of studied large-scale landslides are located within a distance of 5 km from the seismic faults. The farther the distance to the faults, the lower the number of large-scale landslides; (b) locked segment effect: the large-scale landslides are mainly located in five concentration zones closely related with the crossing, staggering and transfer sections between one seismic fault section and the next one, as well as the end of the NE fault section. The zone with the highest concentration was the Hongbai-Chaping segment, where a great number of large-scale landslides including the two largest landslides were located. The second highest concentration of large-scale landslides was observed in the Nanba-Donghekou segment at the end of NE fault, where the Donghekou landslide and the Woqian landslide occurred; (c) Hanging wall effect: about 70% of the large-scale landslides occurred on the hanging wall of the seismic faults; and (d) direction effect: in valleys perpendicular to the seismic faults, the density of large-scale landslides on the slopes facing the seismic wave is obviously higher than that on the slopes dipping in the same direction as the direction of propagation of the seismic wave. Meanwhile, it is found that the sliding and moving directions of large-scale landslides are related to the staggering direction of the faults in each section. In Qingchuan County where the main fault activity was horizontal twisting and staggering, a considerable number of landslides showed the feature of sliding and moving in NE direction which coincides with the staggering direction of the seismic faults.     

尺度转换视角下易武斗茶会的构建与变迁

选取易武斗茶会为研究案例,以尺度转换为理论分析工具,通过参与式观察法和半结构化访谈法,深入分析易武斗茶会的发展历程并展示推动其发展演变的多元社会主体的不同行动与实践。研究发现：① 易武斗茶会的演变过程中存在2种尺度转换的方式,一种是为迎合普洱茶市场细分而进行的尺度下推,另一种是根据地方发展需求而进行的尺度上推。② 易武斗茶会尺度转换是在地方政府的推动、茶企的支持、茶农的配合以及茶客的偏好下共同驱动的。③ 多元主体的行动在推动易武斗茶会尺度转换的过程中满足了各自群体的利益诉求,地方依凭茶叶经济实现了本土发展。从节事的角度对中国茶文化进行深入分析研究,为茶村如何通过地方性节事活动实现本土发展提供理论依据与案例借鉴。     

在庆祝山东省地质科学实验研究院建院50周年大会上的讲话

今天,我们在这里隆重集会,庆祝省地科院建院50周年.首先,我代表山东省国土资源厅,向全院广大干部职工和离退休老同志,表示崇高的敬意!向长期以来关心支持我省地质工作的各级领导和社会各界人士,表示衷心的感谢!     

Modified multispectral space for color representation

IntroductionIn color reproduction and communication, met-amer exists inherently when the conventionalcondition matching used. Therefore , the colordifference introduced makes the accuracy of colorrepresentation be lowered.In order to eli minatemetamer CIE developed the scheme so-calledspectra matching in Publication 15 .2 and speci-fied that using band-pass filters with 5 nminter-val to sample and then reconstruct the originalcolor signal ,thus the color difference will disap-pear[1].Spectra…     

Discovery of 13 New Variable Stars in the Field of the Open Cluster NGC 2168 （M35）

A wide-field time-series CCD photometric survey of variable stars in the field of the open cluster NGC 2168 was carried out using the BATC Schmidt telescope. In total 13 new variable stars are discovered with three W UMa systems, one EA type and two EB type eclipsing binaries (one of them could be a W UMa system), and seven pulsating stars including three candidates of δScuti stars.     

Respiration and Calcification of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Crassostrea gigas</Emphasis>: Contribution of an Intertidal Invasive Species to Coastal Ecosystem CO<Subscript>2</Subscript> Fluxes

Respiration and calcification rates of the Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas were measured in a laboratory experiment in the air and underwater, accounting for seasonal variations and individual size, to estimate the effects of this exotic species on annual carbon budgets in the Bay of Brest, France. Respiration and calcification rates changed significantly with season and size. Mean underwater respiration rates, deducted from changes in dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC), were 11.4 μmol DIC g⁻¹ ash-free dry weight (AFDW) h⁻¹ (standard deviation (SD), 4.6) and 32.3 μmol DIC g⁻¹ AFDW h⁻¹ (SD 4.1) for adults (80–110 mm shell length) and juveniles (30–60 mm), respectively. The mean daily contribution of C. gigas underwater respiration (with 14 h per day of immersion on average) to DIC averaged over the Bay of Brest population was 7.0 mmol DIC m⁻² day⁻¹ (SD 8.1). Mean aerial CO₂ respiration rate, estimated using an infrared gas analyzer, was 0.7 μmol CO₂ g⁻¹ AFDW h⁻¹ (SD 0.1) for adults and 1.1 μmol CO₂ g⁻¹ AFDW h⁻¹ (SD 0.2) for juveniles, corresponding to a mean daily contribution of 0.4 mmol CO₂ m⁻² day⁻¹ (SD 0.50) averaged over the Bay of Brest population (with 10 h per day of emersion on average). Mean CaCO₃ uptake rates for adults and juveniles were 4.5 μmol CaCO₃ g⁻¹ AFDW h⁻¹ (SD 1.7) and 46.9 μmol CaCO₃ g⁻¹ AFDW h⁻¹ (SD 29.2), respectively. The mean daily contribution of net calcification in the Bay of Brest C. gigas population to CO₂ fluxes during immersion was estimated to be 2.5 mmol CO₂ m⁻² day⁻¹ (SD 2.9). Total carbon release by this C. gigas population was 39 g C m⁻² year⁻¹ and reached 334 g C m⁻² year⁻¹ for densely colonized areas with relative contributions by underwater respiration, net calcification, and aerial respiration of 71%, 25%, and 4%, respectively. These observations emphasize the substantial influence of this invasive species on the carbon cycle, including biogenic carbonate production, in coastal ecosystems.     

2009年夏季极区电离层加热实验观测研究

2009年夏季,中国在挪威特罗姆瑟(Tromsφ)利用非相干散射雷达进行电离层加热实验。实验中发现了处在150km附近的小范围温度增强事件和150—400km之间的大范围温度增强事件。前者的相对增幅明显,后者的绝对增量更大。对这两类加热事件来说,温度增量百分比均随加热功率的增加线性增长,但对比两类加热事件来看,增长速度随加热频率增大而减小。加热效应存在显著的二维分布特征,加热最强方向处在场向附近。加热效应受加热天线波束指向与地磁场的夹角影响明显,随夹角增大温度增强效应减弱。