汛期相当暴雨日数与总降水量的定量关系

北京近百年汛期相当暴雨日数与汛期总降水量相关系数高达０．９７,京津冀地区３０年汛期区域平均相当暴雨日数与区域平均降水量相关系数亦达０．９４。通过点聚图和回归方程来表征两者的线性关系。汛期相当暴雨日数估算汛期总降水量的误差约１０％,即估算精度达９０％。这种估算方法可供业务使用。     

平面连通巷道三维实体分层建模方法

提出了平面连通巷道的分层建模解决方案:对巷道中心线进行求交点、打断操作,建立结点-路径网络拓扑图;根据外层路径优先搜索原则,提取图中所有的“闭环”,获取各中心线断面数据;对闭环的边界路径进行偏移、连接操作,生成分层轮廓线;对相邻轮廓线和顶、底轮廓线分别实现巷道体的网格三角化。实验结果表明,该算法充分利用结点-路径的拓扑关系以及各中心线的断面信息,实现简单,适用于同一中段中心线任意复杂情况下的连通巷道实体建模。     

基于强震台网的我国沿海海啸走时预警

经济快速发展的中国沿海地区,面临着潜在海啸袭击危险。海啸传播走时分析是海啸预警系统的重要组成部分。本文基于强震台网提供的地震要素,从理论上讨论海啸预警时间计算方法。在球坐标系下,建立了远洋海啸传播模型,采用差分技术,实现远洋海啸传播数值模拟,首次针对我国主要城市进行了海啸走时计算,分析了我国沿海走时特点,指出了未来发生在太平洋的远洋海啸对我国的长江三角洲会有较大影响。本文计算海啸走时方法可以为我国建设的新一代基于数值海啸预警系统提供技术支持。     

逆断层错动对隧道工程影响的数值模拟

由于断层错动导致的围岩永久变形会对隧道结构产生危害,为研究隧道在逆断层错动下的变形与受力特征,本文以成兰铁路穿越北川—映秀断裂的跃龙门隧道工程为研究对象,利用Abaqus软件建立穿越逆断层隧道结构的数值模型,选择参数和设定边界条件,模拟分析在逆断层错动作用下隧道衬砌结构的受力与变形情况.结果表明:逆断层错动引起隧道衬砌...     

融合像素级和对象级的遥感图像变化检测方法

针对现有遥感影像变化检测方法常存在的检测结果破碎、虚检较多、对数据匹配要求高等问题。提出了一种融合像素级和对象级的遥感图像变化检测方法。利用光谱和纹理信息构建单高斯模型,在多尺度上进行像素级变化检测。然后,以像素级检测结果为种子区域,同时在变化前后影像上区域生长,融合生长结果提取变化对象。最后,依据检测需求对变化对象进行特征分类并滤除虚警。实验结果表明,该方法降低了虚检,保持了变化区域的结构完整性,在变化前后图像分辨率存在一定差别时仍有较高的检测精度。     

天然气甲烷碳同位素动力学研究及其应用:以塔里木盆地库车坳陷克拉2气田为例

通过有压力的黄金管封闭体系生烃模拟实验和GC-IRMS测定,结合GOR-Isotope Kinetics专用软件,求取了塔里木盆地库车坳陷三叠系-侏罗系烃源岩生成甲烷的碳同位素动力学参数。结合地质背景,探讨了克拉2气田天然气的成因。克拉2气田天然气主要来源于早中侏罗世煤系烃源岩,属阶段捕获气,为-5Ma以来的天然气聚集,对应成熟度范围Ro为1．3％-2．5％。在此基础上,建立了克拉2气田天然气运聚成藏动力学模式,从而为天然气定量评价和动态研究提供了新思路。     

^40Ar／^39Ar Plateau Age Spectra of Feldspars and Their Geological Implications

The paragenic minerals plagioclase,perthite,biotite,hornblende and pyroxene in acid-granite alkali-granite,monzonite and volcanic rocks collected from seven areas different in thermal history have been determined.On the basis of 14 plateau age spectra and isochron ages of paragenic miner-als in conjunction with the observed mineral textures ,the suitability of plateau age spectra of plagioclase and perthite and their thermo-chronological significance are discussed in this paper.The results indicate that undisturbed feldspar gives satisfactory^40Ar-^39Ar plateau ages in consis-tence with those of paragenic minerals.This means that feldspars from the undisturbed area are suita-ble for ^40Ar-^39Ar dating .On the other hand,the age spectra of feldspars as well as of biotite,pyroxene and hornblende affected by tectonic or thermodynamic events appear unsmooth at varying temperatures,thus complicating their interpretation.Feldspars may give an emplacement age of a rock and /or that of the latest thermodynamic event,depending on the intensity of the event and the retentivity of Ar in the mineral.     

Regional changes of climate extremes and its effect on rice yield in Jiangsu province,southeast China

In this study, the regional variations of climate extremes and its possible impact on rice yield in Jiangsu province, southeast China were investigated. A total of 18 climate extremes indices (CEI) of rice-growing period (May–October) based on the daily climate records and rice yield data at 52 stations during 1961–2012 were calculated and analyzed. The main findings were as follows: (1) due to the remarked regional differences of climate extremes, Jiangsu could be divided into six climatic subregions: westernmost, northwest, north, southwest, south, and southeast corner; (2) trends of 18 indices in the six subregions using Mann–Kendall test indicated that Jiangsu was dominated by an obvious wetting and warming tendency, especially in the southern area; (3) correlation analysis between rice yield and CEI using first-difference and climate-induced yield method showed that the negative influences of precipitation extremes were more notable compared to temperature extremes; (4) P95 [precipitation due to very wet days (> 95th percentile)] should be selected as a key meteorological disasters indicator affecting rice yield in the northwest, north, southwest, and south Jiangsu; (5) the increase of P95 since 1990s was detected in most of Jiangsu, which would bring huge risks to rice growing.     

Spatio-temporal Variations of Sea Surface Wind in Coral Reef Regions over the South China Sea from 1988 to 2017

The seasonal and interannual variabilities of sea surface wind(SSW) in the South China Sea(SCS), especially in coral reef regions such as Nansha Islands, Xisha Islands, Zhongsha Islands and Dongsha Islands were investigated in detail using the Blended Sea Winds dataset(1988–2017). Annual and monthly variations of SSW and sea surface temperature(SST) in the four zones were investigated. Empirical Orthogonal Function(EOF) analysis of wind field was performed to aid in better understanding the different spatial patterns. The results indicate that, as observed in the spatial distribution of the first mode of monthly mean wind speed anomaly, the magnitudes in the four island zones are all negative and are similar to each other, showing that the variations of SSW in the four island zones are consistent. In the second mode, the magnitudes in Nansha Islands are opposite to those in the other three zones. The spatial distribution of the third mode reflects regional differences. The maximum annual SSW appears in Dongsha Islands, and the minimum appears in Nansha Islands. The interannual variations of SSW in all island zones are basically concurrent. The island zones with high SSW mostly have low SST, and vice versa. There may be an inverse relationship between SSW and SST in coral reef regions in the SCS. The multiyear monthly variations of SSW in the island zones present a ‘W'-shaped structural variation. Each island undergoes two months of minimum SSW every year, one during March–May(MAM) and the other during September–November(SON). Both months are in monsoon transition periods. During the months with low SSW, high SST appears. The SST peaks almost correspond to the SSW troughs.This further indicates that SSW and SST may have opposite changes in coral reef regions. Coral bleaching events often correspond to years of high SST and low SSW.     

Rayleigh波入射情形下的断层效应

本文运用数值模拟方法对Rayle igh波入射情形下的断层效应进行分析,结果表明:断层对Ray-le igh面波具有隔震作用,随断层深度的增加其隔震效果更加明显,且水平向的隔震效果强于竖向。在入射波一侧,由于断层的作用使接触带附近的反应增强,随着断层破碎带宽度的增加,竖向反应变化特征明显不同于水平向反应变化特征。