基于证据权方法的玉树地震滑坡危险性评价

玉树地震诱发了2 036处滑坡。应用地理信息系统与遥感技术,选取与地表破裂距离、峰值加速度(PGA)、高程、坡度、坡向、曲率、坡位、与水系距离、岩性、与断裂距离、与公路距离、归一化植被指数(NDVI)等12个因素作为玉树地震滑坡危险性评价因子,采用加法与减法2种证据权方法,开展玉树地震滑坡危险性评价研究工作。结果表明:基于加法证据权方法得到评价结果的正确率为80.32%,基于减法证据权方法得到结果的正确率为80.19%。将滑坡危险性评价结果图分为极高危险区、高危险区、中危险区、低危险区与极低危险区5类。这一成果可划分出滑坡危险区,为灾后滑坡防治、基础设施重建与自然环境保护提供参考。     

Cenozoic Denudation and Vertical Faulting History of the Central Segment of the Longmenshan Thrust Belt

正Objective The uplift process and uplift mechanism of the Tibetan Plateau has been a research focus among geologists in recent years.This work put emphasis on the Cenozoic exhumation histories of the blocks bounded by the major faults at the central segment of the Longmenshan thrust belt,and the vertical faulting history,including the starting     

Volume,gravitational potential energy reduction,and regional centroid position change in the wake of landslides triggered by the 14 April 2010 Yushu earthquake of China

In recent years, earthquake-triggered landslides have attracted much attention in the scientific community as a main form of seismic ground response. However, little work has been performed concerning the volume and gravitational potential energy reduction of earthquake-triggered landslides and their severe effect on landscape change. This paper presents a quantitative study on the volume, gravitational potential energy reduction, and change in landscape related to landslides triggered by the 14 April 2010 Yushu earthquake. At least 2,036 landslides were triggered by the earthquake. A total landslide scar area of 1.194 km² was delineated from the visual interpretation of aerial photographs and satellite images and was supported by selected field checking. In this paper, we focus on possible answers to the following five questions: (1) What is the total volume of the 2,036 landslides triggered by the earthquake, and what is the average landslide erosion thickness in the earthquake-stricken area? (2) What are the elevations of all landslide materials in relation to pre- and post-landsliding? (3) How much was the gravitational potential energy reduced due to the sliding of these landslide materials? (4) What is the average elevation change caused by these landslides in the study area? (5) What is the vertical change of the regional centroid position above sea level, as induced by these landslides? It is concluded that the total volume of the 2,036 landslides is 2.9399?×?10⁶ m³. The landslide erosion thickness throughout the study area is 2.02 mm. The materials of these landslides moved from an elevation of 4,145.243 to 4,104.697 m, resulting in a decreased distance of 40.546 m. The gravitational potential energy reduction related to the landslides triggered by the earthquake was 2.9213?×?10¹² J. The average regional elevation of the study area is 4,427.160 m, a value consistent with the assumption that the accumulated materials were remained in situ. This value changes from 4,427.160 to 4,427.158 m with all landslide materials moved out of the study area, resulting in a reduction in elevation of 2 mm. Based on the assumption that all landslide materials moved out of the study area, the elevations of the centroid of the study area’s crust changed from 2,222.45967 to 2,222.45867 m, which means the centroid value decreased by 1 mm. This value is 0.001 mm when assuming that the materials were remained in situ, which is almost negligible, compared with the situation of “all landslide materials moved out of the study area.”     

汶川地震滑坡灾害研究综述

汶川地震后,次生滑坡灾害问题受到了广泛关注。文章从以下七个方面对当前汶川地震次生滑坡灾害研究成果进行了总结:①汶川地震滑坡区域分布调查与编录;②重点滑坡详细调查、类型、机制、稳定性分析、运动堆积模拟;③特点与分布特征;④影响因子敏感性分析;⑤汶川地震滑坡评价;⑥汶川地震区泥石流研究;⑦滑坡岩体力学试验研究。最后,总结了当前研究存在的问题,并对以后的研究方向进行了展望。     

汶川M_s 8.0级地震地表破裂带近断层水平缩短量研究

2008年5月12日四川汶川发生Ms8.0特大地震后,地表同震位移量已有了大量的详细调查和研究,然而对于近断层同震水平缩短量的研究却相对较少。笔者在中央断裂、前山断裂以及北西向分支断裂上选择合适地点进行大量探槽开挖,获得了近断层同震水平缩短量的分布情况为:中央断裂清平镇(2.8 m)、擂鼓镇(3.2 m)、平通镇(1.3 m),前山断裂白鹿镇(2.5 m)、九龙镇(1.4 m)、汉旺镇(0.6 m)。文中进一步在中央断裂和小鱼洞分支断裂地表破裂带上开挖数个探槽研究其近断层水平缩短量的问题,得到结果如下:龙门山中央断裂带映秀镇、擂鼓镇、平通镇探槽近断层水平缩短量分别约为(2.6±0.1)m、(2.6±0.2)m、(1.8±0.1)m;小鱼洞分支断层近断层水平缩短量约为(2±0.1)m。汶川5.12地震中央断裂地表破裂近断层较大水平缩短量出现在深溪沟和擂鼓一带,分别约为3.4 m、3.2 m;前山断裂地表破裂带近断层水平缩短量最大值出现在白鹿一带,约为2.5 m,白鹿以北,近断层水平缩短量逐渐减小。中央断裂和前山断裂联合破裂段水平缩短量值之和大于中央断裂带其两侧段落,最大水平缩短量总和可能约为5.3 m,地表破裂带近断层水平缩短量为整个地壳缩短量的主体部分。     

地震破裂带特殊部位大型滑坡及其基于构造地貌发生模型的机制解释:以东河口抛射型滑坡为例

汶川地震在龙门山地区激发了大量的次生地质灾害,其中尤以滑坡灾害分布最为广泛和严重。在所有滑坡灾害中,东河口滑坡发生在北川破裂带的北东端点,具有相当的特殊性,并造成了大量的生命财产损失。东河口滑坡是一种抛射型滑坡,具有与其他如重力或者降雨作用导致的滑坡不同的特点,即没有统一连续的滑动面,由上部比较深陡和下部比较浅缓的截然分开的两部分组成,在强地震加速度的作用下,滑坡体被抛射并在与地面发生碰撞之前沿抛物线轨迹运行。文章综合分析了东河口抛射型滑坡发生的地质地貌条件,并解释了该抛射型滑坡发生的动力源机制。结果显示,东河口滑坡区的滑坡带和翼状裂隙带在北川破裂带两侧的规则分布受控于断层的运动方式和滑坡的空间分布位置;此外,除地震动水平加速度和地质地貌条件外,垂直加速度和断层的运动方式对地震滑坡的激发也起着重要的作用。     

Geometry and Late Quaternary Kinematic Characteristics of the Huoshan Fault in Shanxi Province

The Huoshan fault is an important fault controlling the boundary of the Linfen basin at the middle transtensional segment of the Shanxi graben system.In this paper a discussion is made emphatically on the tectonic segmentation of the Huoshan fault,its internal geometric structures and characteristics of its activities since the late Quaternary on the basis of 1:10,000 scale geological mapping.Our investigations indicate that the Huoshan fault can be divided into 3 segments with different behaviors and structures.Among these 3,the shear segment with dextral movement is composed of a number of second-order shear faults in right-lateral stepover or left-lateral stepover arrangement.It has a maximum dextral displacement up to 9.83 km since the Pliocene,a dextral slip rate of 2.0 mm/a; a maximum vertical differential displacement of 3.44 km,and a differential oscillatory movement rate of 0.69 mm/a.The lower limit of dextral Holocene slip rate is about 5 mm/a.     

川滇块体东北缘晚第四纪区域气候-地貌分析及其构造地貌年代学意义

地貌年代是新构造特别是活动构造定量研究的瓶颈问题.通过对川滇块体北东边界构造带所在的区域气候变化过程和地貌研究成果的综合分析.利用众多的年代学数据,从区域尺度对地貌的年代、形态和物质组成等特征对比分析,探讨了该区冰川地貌、河流阶地和冲洪积扇的演化特征,揭示了区域气候变化与区域性地貌演化存在的内在对应关系.气候变化产生的气温、湿度、降水量等变化控制了该区冰川地貌和流水地貌的演化.区域内冰川地貌主要是末次冰期的产物,对应于末次冰期两个冰阶,河流作用在7～10ka和1～5ka两个阶段改造末次冰期堆积地貌形成相应的侵蚀地貌.主要河流阶地发育对应于降水量剧烈变化的气候过程,其中形成三级阶地而的流水下切作用最强,随后堆积的深厚物质是二级阶地的主体,并一直没有被后期流水下切作用蚀穿,与气候变化的强度等特点对应.区内冲洪积扇主要有3个堆积时期,即3～5ka,7～10ka和20～25ka,主要发育在气候变化最剧烈的时期,大量的碎屑物形成并短距离搬运堆积.将区域分析综合的结果应运到康定南团结乡附近的地貌分析,可以很好的理解该区的地貌演化,用侵蚀改造的地貌演化结论否认了以前的堆积地貌认识,理清了地貌发育的年龄序列.综合分析与应用的结果表明,区域气候-地貌-构造系统研究对于活动构造年代学具有非常重要的意义.     

1966年邢台地震群的发震构造模型——新生断层形成?先存活断层摩擦粘滑?

通过对邢台地震极震区浅层探测、新生代深浅构造运动的分期、地壳上地幔结构特征剖析及其与震源参数的对比等研究,指出邢台地震区控制早第三纪盆岭构造发育的铲形断裂及其下部向东缓倾的滑脱面与邢台地震的发生无关;邢台地震群是在最新构造应力场作用下,受北西向断层或横向障碍体阻隔的不连续“深断裂”依次向上撕裂状破裂扩展、引起相邻斜列状深断裂间应力迁移和加载等三维破裂过程的产物;邢台地震断层是先存地壳“深断裂”向上撕裂状扩展的“新生断层”。