北极地区不同冰龄的海冰厚度变化研究

In this study, changes in Arctic sea ice thickness for each ice age category were examined based on satellite observations and modelled results. Interannual changes obtained from Ice, Cloud, and Land Elevation Satellite(ICESat)-based results show a thickness reduction over perennial sea ice(ice that survives at least one melt season with an age of no less than 2 year) up to approximately 0.5–1.0 m and 0.6–0.8 m(depending on ice age) during the investigated winter and autumn ICESat periods, respectively. Pan-Arctic Ice Ocean Modeling and Assimilation System(PIOMAS)-based results provide a view of a continued thickness reduction over the past four decades. Compared to 1980 s, there is a clear thickness drop of roughly 0.50 m in 2010 s for perennial ice. This overall decrease in sea ice thickness can be in part attributed to the amplified warming climate in north latitudes. Besides, we figure out that strongly anomalous southerly summer surface winds may play an important role in prompting the thickness decline in perennial ice zone through transporting heat deposited in open water(primarily via albedo feedback) in Eurasian sector deep into a broader sea ice regime in central Arctic Ocean. This heat source is responsible for enhanced ice bottom melting, leading to further reduction in ice thickness.     

湖北清江和尚洞洞穴滴水脂肪酸分布特征及其古生态意义

对采自湖北省清江和尚洞滴水样品,采用XAD大孔径树脂吸附法及气相色谱-质谱联用仪(GC-MS)检测出种类丰富的脂肪酸,包括直链(nC12:0～nC30:0)与支链(iC14:0～iC26:0,及aC15:0和aC17:0)饱和脂肪酸,直链单不饱和脂肪酸(nC15:1,nC16:1,nC17:1和nC18:1),多不饱和脂肪酸(nC18:2)及微量的支链不饱和脂肪酸(iC17:1).滴水脂肪酸分布特征显示有机质以微生物来源为主,兼有高等植物贡献.占优势的偶碳直链饱和脂肪酸(主要是nC16:0,nC18:0和nC14:0),含量相对较高的单不饱和脂肪酸及多不饱和脂肪酸可能主要来源于地下水微藻.滴水中还检出含量较高的nC17:1和nC15:1及微量的iC17:1和iC15:1,它们很可能来自洞顶土壤厌氧层中的硫酸盐还原菌.洞顶土壤、滴水与现代石笋碳酸钙沉积脂肪酸分布对比揭示,石笋有机质主要来源于土壤,也有地下水微生物及洞穴原地微生物贡献.     

萃取色谱富集—等离子体质谱测定海水中的超痕量稀土

用Ｐ５０７萃淋树脂为固定相，ＨＣｌ为流动相，在小柱（７ｍｍ×１０ｍｍ）上试验研究了海水中稀土元素（ＲＥＥ）的分离富集条件以及Ｂａ的干扰消除方法。以５．０ｍＬ／ｍｉｎ的流速大体积（１Ｌ海水）上柱，用５０ｍＬ６ｍｏｌ／ＬＨＣｌ以２．５ｍＬ／ｍｉｎ的流速洗脱，实现了海水中超痕量稀土的分离富集，建立了一个ＩＣＰ＿ＭＳ测定海水中超痕量稀土的新方法。方法的检测限为０．０５～２．６２ｎｇ／Ｌ，标准回收率大于９８％，精密度（ＲＳＤ，ｎ＝７）小于５％。     

云南特提斯带保山-腾冲地块早古生代岩浆岩

云南滇西地区作为东特提斯构造带的重要组成部分之一，其大地构造格局和对全球特提斯演化意义长期以来是众多研究者的关注热点。滇西特提斯构造带（包括川西南部分）是由多个地块和地块相间的造山带组成，如腾冲地体、保山地体、思茅地体及它们之间的属新特提斯带的高黎贡碰撞带和属古特提斯带的昌宁-孟连缝合带等。经受晚古生代—早中生代古特提斯和中生代—新生代新特提斯造山作用的影响，该地区经历了复杂的变质变形。由于地块内部基底出露局限和多期构造作用的叠加影响，特提斯构造带内的变质基底地体的属性和演化历史难于恢复。 位于云南西南部的腾冲-保山地块，包含保山地块，腾冲地块和其间的潞西地槽，属于缅泰马微大陆的北部。在三叠纪期间，该地块处于东部古特提斯主洋盆即昌宁-孟连古特提斯洋封闭时地前陆部位。部分学者认为，在新特提斯洋扩张时期，腾冲地块和保山地块分离，形成属于班公湖-怒江洋盆的东延分支海槽。该海槽在早侏罗世闭合，并导致腾冲地块和保山地块的碰撞，形成高黎贡碰撞构造带。以高黎贡群为典型代表的一套中—新元古代陆源沉积、大陆玄武岩、壳源花岗岩组成的角闪岩相变质岩系，类似于喜马拉雅结晶杂岩、念青唐古拉群和聂拉木群相当。基底岩石在岩石建造、构造热事件和沉积盖层等方面与冈瓦纳大陆有亲缘关系。变质基底组成部分大部分被元古代晚期—早古生代低级变质陆源沉积物所覆盖，如南部公养河群。单颗粒错石U-Pb同位素稀释法定年结果表明，在保山地块南部出露有早古生代花岗岩，年龄范围大致在490~470 Ma之间。这些花岗岩初始。εNd值为-8.4~-9.3之间，亏损地幔钕同位素模式年龄为1.9~-1.7 Ga。锆石铬同位素模式年龄集中在1.4 Ga，其初始εHf值变化范围为0~-10之间，平均-6左右。一些侵入于早古生代花岗岩的晚中生代花岗岩也发现早古生代年龄的继承锆石。早古生代岩浆岩也曾在特提斯带内有报道，如Sibumasu和Indochina地块之间的Nan-Uttaradit缝合带内晚古生代混杂岩内的花岗岩滚石。这一早古生代岩浆作用可能暗示特提斯构造带东段和西段，如Alpine造山带甚至包括欧洲华力西造山带基底，在早古生代期间有相似的演化历史和属性，均源于冈瓦纳大陆北缘，可能先后从冈瓦纳大陆漂离，最终与位于北部的泛大陆拼合。     

多数据源的全球地名翻译比对与匹配方法研究

针对当前单一数据源地名翻译准确率低下的问题,该文从属性相似度等方面出发,利用互联网地名及地图资源,提出了一种基于多数据源的全球地名匹配与翻译方法。设计并开发了基于多数据源的地名翻译工具。使用该方法完成了对全球1∶1000000矢量数据的批量化地名数据处理及地名规范化整理。实验证明,使用该方法较大程度减少了地名处理时的人工工作量,提高了地名匹配效率及其准确性,具有一定的工程实用价值。提出了一种基于多数据源的全球地名匹配与翻译方法,一定程度上改善了单一数据源地名翻译准确率与翻译效率低下的问题。     

Natural and human-induced effects on grain size of surface sediments along the Lianyungang muddy coast, China

To examine spatial variations of grain-size characteristics caused by both natural and human-induced processes along the Lianyungang muddy coast,China,129 samples were collected and measured using standard sieving and sedimentation techniques.Results show that sediment diameter tends to increase with increasing water depth from nearshore to offshore.Size-frequency distributions indicate a gradual mixing process of coarse and fine diameter material.Grain size trend analysis indicates that a man-made structure,the West Breakwater,along with Liandao Island itself,has resulted in severe siltation in Haizhou Bay and the Lianyungang port area,where sediment quality is also poor.Results demonstrate that grain size can be used as a natural tracer to infer how sediments respond to the effects caused by both natural and human-induced processes.     

A local time-domain transmitting boundary for simulating cylindrical elastic wave propagation in infinite media

Finite element simulation of the time-dependent wave propagation in infinite media requires enforcing the transmitting boundary to replace the truncated far-field infinite domain so as to model the effect of the wave radiation towards infinity. This paper proposed a novel local time-domain transmitting boundary for simulating the cylindrical elastic wave radiation problem. This boundary is a mechanical model consisting of the spring, dashpot and mass elements, with the auxiliary degrees of freedom introduced, which is dynamically stable and easily implemented into the commercial finite element codes. Numerical analysis of the cylindrical elastic wave radiation problem indicates that the proposed transmitting boundaries with the order N=3 for cylindrical P and SV waves and with the order N=4 for cylindrical SH wave have very high accuracy, even when the artificial boundary at wave source. The proposed transmitting boundary with order N=0 can be applied approximately to the general two-dimensional infinite elastic wave problems that contain the more complex outgoing wave fields at artificial boundary than the cylindrical waves. The plane-strain Lamb problem is analyzed with the acceptable engineering accuracy achieved. On the other hand, the proposed transmitting boundary with higher order can be a tool to localize the temporal convolution that appears in an exact time-domain transmitting boundary for the general infinite wave problems. This potential applicability is mentioned.     

西宁盆地始新世/渐新世过渡期孢粉植物群特征及其意义

始新世-渐新世之交(EOT), 全球气候急剧变冷, 由"温室期"进入了"冰室期", 是新生代以来重大气候事件之一。为了更好揭示该时期陆地气候环境变化过程及其对全球变化的响应机制, 本文选取位于青藏高原东北缘西宁盆地始新世/渐新世过渡期的地层, 通过距离西宁市区约7km的塔山村一带(36.5°N, 101.8°E) 的塔山剖面马哈拉沟组中的孢粉样品分析, 建立了两个孢粉组合, 自下而上为:Ⅰ Nitrariadites-Meliaceoidites-Quercoidites(35.4~33.9Ma), Ⅱ Quercoidites-Labitricolpites-Qinghaipollis(33.3~33.2Ma), 表明西宁盆地植被由晚始新世的暖温带半干旱的疏林灌丛、疏林, 在早渐新世向干旱的温带疏林草原的转化, 指示该区域在33.9~33.3Ma期间气温明显下降并伴随干旱化持续现象。西宁地区该植被变化可能是对EOT时期全球变冷事件的响应。     

黄河中游汾河入黄口湿地水源组成与地表-地下水转化关系

水源动态补给和转化是影响湿地水文过程及其生态效应的重要机制,在黄河流域生态保护和高质量发展的战略背景下,开展沿黄湿地多水源组成分析及转化关系研究,是揭示干旱半干旱区水量转化及湿地生态系统演变机制的关键.本文根据山西省汾河入黄口湿地的水文节律变化特征,选择2019年旱季(5月)、主汛期(7月)和汛末(9月)作为典型时期,...     

Ore fluid of the Tieluping silver deposit of Henan Province and its illustration of the tectonic model for collisional petrogenesis,metallogenesis and fluidization

The Tieluping silver deposit, located in the NE-trending faults within the metamorphic basement of the Xiong'er Mountain, is a typical altered fracture type deposit. Its ore-forming process includes three stages with temperatures concentrated at 373°C, 223°C and 165°C respectively. With δD=90‰,\(\delta ^{13} C_{CO_2 } \)=2.0‰ and δ{si18}O=8094‰, the early stage fluid was generated from reworking and metamorphism of the carbonate rich formation; the late one, with δD=−70‰,\(\delta ^{13} C_{CO_2 } \)=-1.2‰, δ¹⁸O=1.89‰, was meteoric hydrothermal solution; and the middle. δD=−109‰,\(\delta ^{13} C_{CO_2 } \)=0.1‰, δ¹⁸O=1.79‰, might be a hybrid mixed by reworking-metamorphic fluid and meteoric hydrothermal solution. Crystallized rapidly in the condition of fluid-boiling and fluid-mixing, the middle stage minerals have far more fluid inclusions with higher content of ions, higher ratios of H₂O/CO₂ and KN/MC. Consequently, they have much more ore elements such as gold compared with those of the early and late stages. It was the northward intracontinental subduction along the Machaoying fault during the Mesozoic collision between the South China and North China paleocontinents that intrigued large-scale fluidization and magmatism and led to the appearance of more than 10 large and medium hydrothermal deposits, including the Tieluping silver deposit. The study on ore-forming fluidization of the Tieluping silver deposit proves the CPMF model.