The effect of seafloor topography in the Southern Ocean on tabular iceberg drifting and grounding

Antarctic tabular icebergs are important active components in the ice sheet-ice shelf-ocean system. Seafloor topography is the key factor that affects the drifting and grounding of icebergs, but it has not been fully investigated. This study analyzes the impact of seafloor topography on the drifting and grounding of Antarctic tabular icebergs using Bedmap-2 datasets and iceberg route tracking data from Brigham Young University. The results highlight the following points. (1) The quantitative distributions of iceberg grounding events and the tracking points of grounded icebergs are mainly affected by iceberg draft and reach their peak values in sea water with depths between 200 m and 300 m. The peak tracking point number and linear velocity of free-drifting icebergs are found in the Antarctic Slope Front (water depth of approximately 500 m). (2) The area of possible grounding regions of small-scale icebergs calved from ice shelf fronts accounts for 28% of the sea area at water depths less than 2000 m outside the Antarctic coastline periphery (3.62 million km²). Their spatial distribution is mainly around East Antarctica and the Antarctic Peninsula. The area of possible grounding regions of large tabular icebergs with long axes larger than 18.5 km (in water depths of less than 800 m) accounts for 74% of the sea area. (3) The iceberg drifting velocity is positively correlated with ocean depth in areas where the depth is less than 2000 m (R=0.85, P<0.01). This result confirms the effect of water depth variations induced by seafloor topography fluctuations on iceberg drifting velocity.     

An empirical ensemble rainfall nowcasting model using multi-scaled analogues

Natural Hazards - Short-term rainfall prediction with high spatial and temporal resolution is of great importance to rainfall-triggered natural hazards such as landslide, flood, and debris flow. An...     

Scattering pattern analysis and true-amplitude generalized Radon transform migration for acoustic transversely isotropic media with a vertical axis of symmetry

In multi-parameter ray-based anisotropic migration/inversion, it is essential that we have an understanding of the scattering mechanism corresponding to parameter perturbations. Because the complex nonlinearity in the anisotropic inversion problem is intractable, the construction of true-amplitude linearized migration/inversion procedures is needed and important. By using the acoustic medium assumption for transversely isotropic media with a vertical axis of symmetry and representing the anisotropy with P-wave normal moveout velocity, Thomsen parameter δ and anelliptic parameter η, we formalize the linearized inverse scattering problem for three-dimensional pseudo-acoustic equations. Deploying the single-scattering approximation and an elliptically anisotropic background introduces a new linear integral operator that connects the discontinuous perturbation parameters with the multi-shot/multi-offset P-wave scattered data. We further apply the high-frequency asymptotic Green's function and its derivatives to the integral operator, and then the scattering pattern of each perturbation parameter can be explicitly presented. By naturally establishing a connection to generalized Radon transform, the pseudo-inverse of the integral operator can be solved by the generalized Radon transform inversion. In consideration of the structure of this pseudo-inverse operator, the computational implementation is done pointwise by shooting a fan of rays from the target imaging area towards the acquisition system. Results from two-dimensional numerical tests show amplitude-preserving images with high quality.     

鄱阳湖流域蚌类环境DNA宏条形码引物的筛选验证

环境DNA技术是一种非侵入、高灵敏、高效率且对环境无破坏性,对生物体无损伤的调查工具.为了筛选适合于蚌类环境DNA生物多样性研究的宏条形码引物,本研究通过对鄱阳湖流域24种常见蚌的基因组DNA进行普通扩增和高通量测序筛选了11对引物(设计了9对通用引物及从相关文献中引用了2对引物),结果显示引物cyt b和16S rRNA具有良好的扩增效果和高辨别度.进一步用环境样本(n=6)并结合传统采样技术对这2对引物进行验证,结果表明:使用引物16S rRNA共注释到蚌科物种6属8种,蚌科物种序列占总序列数的26.69%;而使用引物cyt b共注释到蚌科物种4属6种,蚌科物种序列占总序列数的6.60%.引物16S rRNA更适合用于蚌类环境DNA生物多样性研究的宏条形码引物.在生物多样性监测中环境DNA技术可以作为传统方法的有效补充,且同时使用多对引物,可增加可信度和检测率.     

太湖蓝藻水华暴发机制与控制对策

湖泊蓝藻水华暴发由于引发水生态系统的灾害和饮用水安全风险而成为国内外研究的热点之一.太湖蓝藻水华暴发原因多样,其中蓝藻自身的特性是水华暴发的内因,太湖的地理、水文和气象特征为蓝藻水华暴发提供了合适的温度和水动力条件,是蓝藻水华暴发的外因,湖泊草-藻型生态系统的转变以及氮、磷营养盐的高负荷输入更利于蓝藻生长,湖泊氮、磷营养盐四重循环是蓝藻水华不断暴发的维持机制,蓝藻水华暴发与氮、磷营养盐浓度之间存在交互作用关系.太湖蓝藻水华的控制应以陆源控源截污为基础,增加湖泊营养盐输出为重点,实现疏堵有机结合,其中恢复水生植被,重建草-藻结合型水生态系统是太湖湖泊生态修复的关键所在.     

SH波水平入射穿越垂直断层隧道动力响应分析

结合黏弹性人工边界的时域波动输入方法和显式有限元法,设计了含垂直断层三维场地的SH波输入方法。基于建立的输入方法,研究了垂直断层对隧道地震响应的影响,并通过自由场算例验证了该方法具有较好精度。数值模拟结果表明:对于断层迎波侧的隧道结构,断层会对其地震动响应产生显著的放大作用,对于断层逆波侧的隧道结构,断层会对其产生隔离地震动的作用;相对周围围岩,断层介质的剪切波速越小,其产生的放大效应和隔震效果也会越显著;断层宽度越小,其对隧道地震动响应的影响范围也就越小,但是断层宽度的变化对于断层两侧隧道的地震动响应的影响并不明显。     

南极格罗夫山陨石岩石学特征Ⅰ:非平衡L3型普通球粒陨石

我国第16次南极科学考察队在格罗夫山区域的蓝冰表面回收到28块陨石,其中有6块属于非平衡型(即3型)普通球粒陨石。它们保存了原始的岩石矿物学特征,包括非常清晰的球粒结构、基质未重结晶和不透明、橄榄石和低钙辉石颗粒具有明显的成分环带和极不均一的化学组成等。Fe-Ni合金含量、含Fe总量和橄榄石成分综合分析表明这6块陨石全部属于低铁群(L)。因为非平衡普通球粒陨石橄榄石成分变化的PMD(Fa)值与岩石类型亚型有良好的相关性,因此,根据橄榄石Fa的PMD标准这6块陨石被划分为如下亚型:GRV 99019为3.6型,GRV99020、GRV 99021和GRV 99026为3.5型,GRV 99001为3.4型,GRV 99022为3.0—3.4型。     

喀斯特高原盆地聚落空间演变——以贵州省红枫湖水系盆地为例

贵州是我国喀斯特分布最广的地区,喀斯特高原盆地是贵州主要的人口聚集地。充分认识高原盆地聚落的空间分布及其演化态势,对区域城镇规划、社会主义新农村建设及可持续发展有重要意义。以红枫湖水系盆地为例,基于GIS技术及相关软件,主要利用景观格局指数、Moran’s I系数以及居民点数据与等高线数据的空间叠置及转换技术,从水平和垂直两个维度对案例地区聚落空间分布的变化进行研究。研究表明:喀斯特高原盆地聚落的空间分布和演变具有强烈的喀斯特地域基因,在喀斯特地貌的限制下聚落总体分布分散;近年来聚落规模不断增加,在局部有一定小规模集聚并随地形限制而表现出不同的集聚形式和集聚程度;而随着数量的增多和规模的增大,聚落形态更为复杂且景观趋于破碎,空间分布更加复杂;喀斯特地貌的垂直空间特点在决定聚落的垂直分布及演变规律的同时也加剧了聚落空间分布的复杂性。     

全息位置地图概念内涵及其关键技术初探

针对在泛在信息与大数据时代下,传统数字地图存在的局限性与面临的挑战,本文在原有概念基础上,拓展了全息位置地图概念内涵,即在泛在网环境下,以位置为纽带动态关联事物或事件的多时态(multitemporal)、多主题(multi-thematic)、多层次(multi-hierarchical)、多粒度(multi-granular)的信息,提供个性化的位置及与位置相关的智能服务平台;基于上述内涵,本文阐述了全息位置地图的重要组成与特征,并就泛在信息获取、语义位置关联和多维动态场景构建与表达等3个方面的关键技术进行了探讨。     

扩展SPARQL的室内空间语义查询研究

针对室内空间特点以及人类对室内位置服务的迫切需求,探讨了适合室内空间语义查询的方法。基于全息位置地图室内空间本体模型,描述室内空间对象及与之相关的人、事的属性信息及其关系,以室内空间本体概念及其属性作为查询原语,增加查询函数实现室内特有的空间关系（如“对面”、“楼上”和“楼下”等）的计算与查询,扩展了SPARQL查询语言基本语法。设计了室内本体查询语言IndoorSPARQL,开发自定义查询语言解析器,初步实现了顾及空间计算的室内空间语义查询。最后,利用Protégé本体建模工具对试验区进行本体实例建模,采用自定义查询语言IndoorSPARQL进行室内语义查询,并将结果可视化。实验结果表明,基于自定义语言IndoorSPARQL的查询方法可有效地支持顾及室内空间计算的复杂语义查询。