Recognition and Significance of Volcanic Rocks of the Anda Depression of the Songliao Basin in Jurassic-Cretaceous

A series of volcanic rocks were developed in the deep part of Anda faulting depression. The reflection of therocks are mainly stratiform and hummocky. Three kinds of volcanic facies, e.g. explosion facies, effusion facies andsub-volcanic facies,were recognized by different reflecting characteristics in the seismic profile. The volcanic rocks areformed during three episodes of volcanic activities from Shahezi Formation to Yingcheng Formation. The volcanismshave relation to the formation of Songliao Basin and regional tectonics of northeastern China. Some of the volcanic rocksare good oil and gas reservoirs.     

Diagenetic Sequences Analysis of Fuyu Reservoir in

ＩｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎＴｈｅｏｒｄｅｒｉｎｇｏｆｄｉａｇｅｎｅｔｉｃｅｖｅｎｔｓｉｓｏｎｅｏｆｔｈｅｍｏｓｔｉｍｐｏｒｔａｎｔｋｅｙｓｔｏｔｈｅｕｌｔｉｍａｔｅｉｎｔｅｒｐｒｅｔａｔｉｏｎｏｆｔｈｅｗａｙｓｉｎｗｈｉｃｈｔｈｅｇｅｏｌｏｇｉｃａｌａｎｄｇｅｏｃｈｅｍｉｃａｌｈｉｓｔｏｒｙｏｆａｓａｎｄｓｔｏｎｅａｆｆｅｃｔｅｄｉｔｓｃｏｍｐｏｓｉｔｉｏｎａｎｄｔｅｘｔｕｒｅ .Ｔｈｉｓａｒｔｉ ｃｌｅｇｉｖｅａｄｅｔａｉｌｄｅｓｃｒｉｐｔｉｏｎａｎｄｏｒｉｇｉｎｅｘｐｌａｎａｔｉｏｎｔｏｔｈｅａ…     

Responses of foraminiferal isotopic variations at ODP Site 1143 in the southern South China Sea to orbital forcing

1 Astronomical theory One of the greatest achievements of the EarthSciences in the 20th century is the establishment of theMilankovitch theory or the astronomical theory[1]. AsImbrie pointed out[2], the astronomical theory can bedescribed as a simple system model. The input to thesystem can be defined as changes in the geometry ofthe Earth’s orbit or the seasonal and latitudinal distri-bution of incoming solar radiation, whereas the outputto the system can be defined as one or more calc…     

A new presentation of the Indian Ocean shallow overturning circulation from a vertical perspective

由于印尼贯穿流干扰了南印度洋经向翻转环流的计算,本文应用垂向翻转流函数来诊断印度洋浅层经向翻转环流.基于海洋环流模拟产品(OFES),本文探讨了垂向流函数相比经向翻转流函数的改进.研究结果表明垂向翻转流函数能平滑连接南北印度洋的翻转环流,包括完整的副热带翻转环流和跨赤道翻转环流.经向翻转流函数低估了印度洋浅层翻转环流;而垂向翻转流函数表示的印度洋浅层翻转环流受印尼贯穿流影响更小,其评估的印度洋浅层翻转环流强度约13 Sv,其中副热带翻转环流强度约8 Sv(1 Sv ≡ 106 m3 s-1).此外,垂向翻转流函数在印度洋南开边界(30°S～34°S)上600 m层表现为顺时针翻转结构,其强度约-5 Sv,可能对应风驱的副热带流系.因此,垂向翻转流函数提供了一种新方法来评估印度洋浅层翻转环流.     

The investigation of ultra-long-distance concrete pipe stuck in quartz sandstone formation using numerical simulation

During mountainous area construction by long-distance pipe jacking, the pipe stuck encountered. To reveal the cause of the pipe stuck, this paper investigates the pipe surface frictional resistance corresponding to different burial depths and surrounding rock parameters by ADINA finite element analysis. Parameter sensitivity analysis results show that the cohesion effect on the frictional resistance was small, the frictional resistance tended to decrease markedly with the increasing other rock mechanical parameters and the decreasing burial depth and friction coefficient of the pipes. After continuing to consider the prerequisite of simultaneously changing the elastic modulus, internal friction angle and burial depth conditions, a solution of the maximum number of pipes driven by a single intermediate jacking station (IJS) was reduced from 59 to 40 was proposed based on an integration of simulations with the field monitoring results. Finally, the pipe jacking project was successfully completed after adopting the improvement proposals.     

Soil CO2 concentration in biological soil crusts and its driving factors in a revegetated area of the Tengger Desert,Northern China

Biological soil crusts (BSCs) are an important cover in arid desert landscapes, and have a profound effect on the CO₂ exchange in the desert system. Although a large number of studies have focused on the CO₂ flux at the soil–air interface, relatively few studies have examined the soil CO₂ concentration in individual layers of the soil profile. In this study, the spatiotemporal dynamics of CO₂ concentration throughout the soil profile under two typical BSCs (algae crusts and moss crusts) and its driving factors were examined in a revegetated sandy area of the Tengger Desert from Mar 2010 to Oct 2012. Our results showed that the mean values of the vertical soil CO₂ concentrations under algal crusts and moss crusts were 600–1,200 μmol/mol at the 0–40 cm soil profiles and increased linearly with soil depth. Daily CO₂ concentrations showed a single-peak curve and often had a 1–2 h time delay after the maximum soil temperature. During the rainy season, the mean soil CO₂ concentration profile was 1,200–2,000 μmol/mol, which was 2–5 times higher as compared to the dry season (400–800 μmol/mol). Annually, soil moisture content was the key limiting factor of the soil CO₂ concentration, but at the daily time scale, soil temperature was the main limiting factor. Combined with infiltration depth of crusted soils, we predicted that precipitation of 10–15 mm was the most effective driving factor in arid desert regions.     

干旱沙区生物土壤结皮覆盖土壤CO2通量对脉冲式降雨的响应

水分是干旱区生态过程中主要限制因子,降水可通过改变土壤的干湿状况直接影响土壤的生态过程,继而引起土壤碳库的变化。生物土壤结皮作为干旱区主要的地表覆盖物,其自身不但可以进行呼吸作用,还能充分利用有限的水分通过光合作用固碳,改变土壤圈与大气圈之间的碳交换通量。通过模拟0、2、5、8、15 mm降雨,利用红外气体分析仪,对腾格里沙漠东南缘人工固沙植被区主要的生物土壤结皮覆盖土壤净CO₂通量进行了原位测定,探讨生物土壤结皮覆盖土壤CO₂释放和光合固定CO₂(吸收)共同作用下的土壤净CO₂通量对模降雨的响应特征。结果表明:(1)降雨会迅速激发生物土壤结皮覆盖土壤CO₂释放,降雨激发CO₂释放速率和有效时间取决于降雨量,降雨量越高,激发程度越低,激增的生物土壤结皮覆盖土壤CO₂释放(源)效应有效时间随降雨量的增加而延长;降雨激发的土壤碳释放总量随着降雨量的增加显著增加,且藓类结皮覆盖土壤碳释放总量显著高于藻类结皮(P<0.05)。(2)降雨引起生物土壤结皮覆盖土壤CO₂吸收速率在初期呈单峰变化,后逐渐回归到降雨前的水平,随降雨量的增加,CO₂吸收的效应的时间越长,峰值越高;降雨量越高,生物土壤结皮光合碳固定量越多,当降雨量增加到15 mm时,藻类结皮光合碳固定量显著低于8 mm时的碳固定量;降雨量<5 mm时,藓类结皮光合碳固定量显著低于藻类结皮(P<0.05),≥5 mm时,藓类结皮光合碳固定量显著高于藻类结皮(P<0.05)。(3)干旱荒漠地区生物土壤结皮覆盖土壤,在无降雨的干旱期表现为较低水平的净碳排放效应,不同程度降雨的初期阶段都有短暂的增加土壤碳的汇效应,且碳汇效应的时间随降雨量的增加而延长;适度的降雨会降低长期干旱藻类结皮覆盖土壤向大气的碳排放量,而过高或过低的降雨都会不同程度地增加藻类结皮覆盖土壤向大气的碳排放,降低土壤碳的储量。不论降雨量大小,降雨都会增加藓类结皮覆盖土壤更多碳向大气排放,但随着降雨量的增加,源效应逐渐减弱。降雨量≤8 mm时,藓类结皮覆盖土壤净碳排放总量显著高于藻类结皮(P<0.05),当降雨量>8 mm时,藓类结皮覆盖土壤净碳排放量显著低于藻类结皮覆盖土壤(P<0.05)。因此,干旱区在估算生物土壤结皮覆盖土壤与大气碳交换对降雨的响应规律时,应该充分考虑降雨量大小对生物土壤结皮碳固定量和土壤碳释放组分的效应,明确降雨事件大小对不同类型生物土壤结皮覆盖土壤与大气之间碳交换的作用。     

生态水文阈值在中国沙区人工植被生态系统管理中的意义

中国北方风沙区是全球沙漠化发展和生态退化最为严重的地区之一。利用植被固沙是遏制沙化土地扩张和生态重建与恢复的主要途径,但人工植被的稳定维持是可持续性风沙治理所长期面临的挑战。作为人工植被生态系统管理的依据,对生态水文阈值的认识及界定具有重要的理论和实践意义。本文以固沙植被中人工种植的灌木和乔木（仅限东部沙区）的盖度与深层土壤水分含量互馈互调作用的长期变化为依据,基于对中国不同气候带沙区典型人工植被系统生态和水文过程的模拟,通过建立生态水文模型初步界定了不同沙区适宜于人工植被生态系统管理的生态水文阈值,对现有沙区固沙植被的生态系统管理和未来风沙区植被建设具有一定的借鉴意义。     

高空西风急流对祁连山区降水的影响

利用NCEP/NCAR逐日每6 h再分析资料,对2002~2004年发生在祁连山区附近的20次降水过程进行了合成分析。发现在40°N200 hPa高空存在一支东西走向的高空西风急流;降水一般发生在高空西风急流轴的南侧,在高空西风急流轴的北侧有冷空气下沉,南侧有上升的暖湿气流,在高空急流轴的下方形成了次级环流;在高空急流轴出口区的右侧,存在强烈的辐散上升运动,而对应的低层存在强烈的辐合上升区,这种高低层辐散辐合的配置非常有利于强对流天气形成;这支高空西风急流轴的存在对祁连山区的降水有深远影响,而急流轴位置的变化势必影响到降水落区。因此,利用高空西风急流轴预报祁连山区降水及河西走廊地区降水具有很好的指导意义。     

甘肃省两次强沙尘暴天气对比分析

利用常规观测资料、自动站逐时资料及T639数值预报初始场,对2010年3月19日、2011年4月28日甘肃省2次强沙尘暴天气过程从天气概况、气候背景、环流形势及单站地面气象要素、高空急流、垂直速度、稳定度等方面进行深入分析。结果表明:2次过程前期均具有气温偏高、降水稀少的的气候背景;高空斜压槽和强锋区、地面强冷高压和锋前蒙古气旋或热低压是发生此类强沙尘暴的环流形势;高低空急流配置和地面气象要素演变对沙尘暴天气有指示意义;由于2次过程冷空气路径、强度有所差异,因此对甘肃造成的影响不同。