基于Voronoi图与空间自相关的西北太平洋柔鱼资源空间聚集特征分析

以西北太平洋柔鱼Ommastrephes bartramii为例,基于2007—2010年中国鱿钓船的生产统计原始点位数据,利用Voronoi图和空间自相关方法,评估柔鱼资源的全局空间模式、局部空间聚集特征,并以空间可视化方式呈现。在渔业资源及空间分析中,高产值聚集的海域称为空间热点,而低产值聚集的海域称为空间冷点。研究表明,全局自相关统计量Morans I和General G均指示了西北太平洋柔鱼资源的聚集分布状态。局部空间自相关显示,2007和2009年均具有2个热点和1个冷点区域,2008年具有1个热点和1个冷点区域,2010年具有1个热点和2个冷点区域,这些热冷点呈南北向或东西向分布态势。热冷点格局的叠加图显示,研究区内存在1个强热点、1个弱热点和1个强冷点,其中弱热点覆盖的区域在4年间表现为热点和冷点的交互变动。对7—11月平均海表温度和叶绿素a浓度的分析显示,热点和冷点均为中心渔场,热冷点形成的温度条件无显著差异;热冷点形成的叶绿素a浓度范围为0.2~1.1mg/m3,其中冷点区域的浓度相对较高。     

东海南部净初级生产力与日本鲐生物量的关联性研究

Fish biomass is a critical component of fishery stock assessment and management and it is often estimated from ocean primary production（OPP）. However, the relationship between the biomass of a fish stock and OPP is always complicated due to a variety of trophic controls in the ecosystem. In this paper, we examine the quantitative relationship between the biomass of chub mackerel（Scomber japonicus） and net primary production（NPP） in the southern East China Sea（SECS）, using catch and effort data from the Chinese mainland large light-purse seine fishery logbook and NPP derived from remote sensing. We further discuss the mechanisms of trophic control in regulating this relationship. The results show a significant non-linear relationship exists between standardized CPUE（Catch-Per-Unit-Effort） and NPP（P〈0.05）. This relationship can be described by a convex parabolic curve, where the biomass of chub mackerel increases with NPP to a maximum and then decreases when the NPP exceeds this point. The results imply that the ecosystem in the SECS is subject to complex trophic controls. We speculate that the change in abundance of key species at intermediate trophic levels and/or interspecific competition might contribute to this complex relationship.     

基于Mesh的电力无线多跳高效传输技术研究

针对电力无线通信网络多跳传输不可靠的问题,提出了一种基于Mesh的免重传的多跳高效传输技术.该技术在源节点、接收节点之间布设备份节点,设计全新的免重传协议,使得所有节点根据监听/接收到的ACK/NACK信息自动识别自己的下一步状态,从而在不增加任何网络信令开销的情况下,有效降低了每个数据块的平均传输总次数,提升了电力无线通信网络的深覆盖、低时延、高可靠的业务传输能力.最后通过仿真计算得出,随着误块率的增大,免重传多跳高效传输技术的平均传输总次数较传统方案得到了明显改善,即明显降低平均端到端时延,具有很好的实际应用价值.     

Sources of ore-forming fluids and metallic materials in the Jinwozi lode gold deposit,eastern Tianshan Mountains of China

This paper presents gas compositions and H-, O-isotope compositions of sulfide- and quartz-hosted fluid inclusions, and S-, Pb-isotope compositions of sulfide separates collected from the principal Stage 2 ores in Veins 3 and 210 of the Jinwozi lode gold deposit, eastern Tianshan Mountains of China. Fluid inclusions trapped in quartz and sphalerite are dominantly primary. H-and O-isotopic compositions of pyrite-hosted fluid inclusions indicate two major contributions to the ore-forming fluid that include the degassed magma and the meteoric-derived but rock ¹⁸O-buffered groundwater. However, H- and O-isotopic compositions of quartz-hosted fluid inclusions essentially suggest the presence of groundwater. Sulfide-hosted fluid inclusions show considerably higher abundances of gaseous species CO₂, N₂, H₂S, etc. than quartz-hosted ones. The linear trends among inclusion gaseous species reflect the mixing tendency between the gas-rich magmatic fluid and the groundwater. The relative enrichment of gaseous species in sulfide-hosted fluid inclusions, coupled with the banded ore structure indicating alternate precipitation of quartz with sulfide minerals, suggests that the magmatic fluid has been inputted to the ore-forming fluid in pulsation. Sulfur and lead isotope compositions of pyrite and galena separates indicate an essential magma derivation for sulfur but the multiple sources for metallic materials from the mantle to the bulk crust.     

2020年东京大学入学考试地理试题评析

东京大学的一般入学考试是其招生的主要途径,其试题质量也代表着日本高校招生的最高水准。通过分析2020年东京大学的地理招生试题,为国内地理学科高考以及高校强基计划提供参考。     

新疆巩乃斯河流域季节性积雪中硫酸盐的时空分布与来源

１９９６￣１９９７年冬季,一次针对巩乃斯河流域季节怀积雪化学成分的调查与研究工作和以开展,期间共采集了约１００个新、老雪样。经室内分析发现巩乃斯河流域季节性积雪中含有相对丰富的硫酸盐。本文主要分析了该流域季节性积雪的ＳＯ４＾２－离子以及与之有关的Ｋ＾＋＋Ｎｚ＾２＋和Ｃａ＾２＋离子的时间与海拔分布特征,并重点讨论了硫酸酸盐类物质的来源．     

旅游开发扶贫的实践研究--江西宁冈县旅游开发创意规划

以作为革命老区贫困县的宁冈县为例,探讨了具有旅游资源优势的贫困山区开发扶贫模式,通过把旅游业作为先导产业,并结合产业开发走出一条生产生活日用品的工业道路,强调“一村一品,一人一枝”发展地方经济,生产相应旅游商品,可为老少边穷地区提供一条具有普遍意义的发展案例。     

北太平洋150°E～165°E海域柔鱼渔场与表温及水温垂直结构的关系

根据 1998～ 2 0 0 1年 8～ 10月 38°N～ 4 4°N各站点水温和生产数据 ,对 15 4°E～ 15 7°E海域柔鱼作业渔场与表温及水温垂直结构的关系进行了分析。结果认为 ,38°N～ 4 4°N各站点水温结构随时间有较大差异。 8～ 9月 38°N～ 4 4°N各站点在 10 0m以内均形成明显的温跃层 ,10月份随着亲潮势力加强 ,跃层强度有所减弱 ,表层混合水可达 5 0m深 ,其温跃层基本上在 5 0～10 0m间。在 15 0°E～ 16 5°E海域 ,渔获产量主要集中在 4 2°N～ 4 4°N ,盛渔期为 8～ 9月。 8月在4 0°N～ 4 1°N海域温场最适表温为 2 0～ 2 2℃ ,在 4 2°N - 43°N海域为 16～ 19℃ ,在 4 4°N附近海域为 14～ 16℃ ,0～ 5 0m、0～ 10 0m温度梯度为 0 .16～ 0 .2 3℃ /m和 0 .11～ 0 .13℃ /m ;9月渔场最适表温、0～ 5 0m和 0～ 10 0m温度梯度为 15～ 2 0℃、0 .15～ 0 .18℃ /m和 0 .12～ 0 .14℃ /m ;10月为12～ 17℃、0 .11～ 0 .2 0℃ /m和 0 .0 9～ 0 .11℃ /m。灰色关联度表明 ,对作业渔场影响最大的是表温、0～ 5 0m温度梯度、0～ 10 0m温度梯度和纬度 ,其关联度均在 0 .8以上。渔获产量受到众多因素的影响 ,其中捕捞努力量、资源丰度、0～ 10 0m温度梯度和纬度是影响渔获量主要因子。     

The vulnerability evolution and simulation of social-ecological systems in a semi-arid area: A case study of Yulin City,China

Taking the semi-arid area of Yulin City as an example, this study improves the vulnerability assessment methods and techniques at the county scale using the VSD (Vulnerability Scoping Diagram) assessment framework, integrates the VSD framework and the SERV (Spatially Explicit Resilience-Vulnerability) model, and decomposes the system vulnerability into three dimensions, i.e., exposure, sensitivity and adaptive capacity. Firstly, with the full understanding of the background and exposure risk source of the research area, the vulnerability indexes were screened by the SERV model, and the index system was constructed to assess the characteristics of the local eco-environment. Secondly, with the aid of RS and GIS, this study measured the spatial differentiation and evolution of the social-ecological systems in Yulin City during 2000–2015 and explored intrinsic reasons for the spatial-temporal evolution of vulnerability. The results are as follows: (1) The spatial pattern of Yulin City’s SESs vulnerability is “high in northwest and southeast and low along the Great Wall”. Although the degree of system vulnerability decreased significantly during the study period and the system development trend improved, there is a sharp spatial difference between the system vulnerability and exposure risk. (2) The evolution of system vulnerability is influenced by the risk factors of exposure, and the regional vulnerability and the spatial heterogeneity of exposure risk are affected by the social sensitivity, economic adaptive capacity and other factors. Finally, according to the uncertainty of decision makers, the future scenarios of regional vulnerability are simulated under different decision risks by taking advantage of the OWA multi-criteria algorithm, and the vulnerability of the regional system under different development directions was predicted based on the decision makers' rational risk interval.     

Seasonal variation of biochemical components in clam (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Saxidomus purpuratus</Emphasis> Sowerby 1852) in relation to its reproductive cycle and the environmental condition of Sanggou Bay,China

Seasonal variation of biochemical components in clam (Saxidomus purpuratus Sowerby 1852) was investigated from March 2012 to February 2013 in relation to environmental condition of Sanggou Bay and the reproductive cycle of clam. According to the histological analysis, the reproductive cycle of S. purpuratus includes two distinctive phases: a total spent and inactive stage from November to January, and a gametogenesis stage, including ripeness and spawning, during the rest of the year. Gametes were generated at a low temperature (2.1°C) in February. Spawning took place once a year from June to October. The massive spawning occurred in August when the highest water temperature and chlorophyll a level could be observed. The key biochemical components (glycogen, protein and lipid) in five tissues (gonad, foot, mantle, siphon and adductor muscle) were analyzed. The glycogen content was high before gametogenesis, and decreased significantly during the gonad development in the gonad, mantle and foot of both females and males, suggesting that glycogen was an important energy source for gonad development. The protein and lipid contents increased in the ovary during the gonad development, demonstrating that they are the major organic components of oocytes. The lipid and protein contents decreased in the testis, implying that they can provide energy and material for spermatogenesis. The results also showed that protein stored in the mantle and foot could support the reproduction after the glycogen was depleted.