Impacts of coastal reclamation on tidal and sediment dynamics in the Rui’an coast of China

Ocean Dynamics - Coastal reclamation projects have been extensively constructed along the coastline of the East China Sea over the past decades. To investigate the impact of reclamations on the...     

江淮入梅异常的强信号及其对入梅的影响

江淮入梅具有显著的年际变化特征.利用NCEP/NCAR再分析数据集以及NOAA提供的全球射出长波辐射(OLR)和扩展重建海温(ERSST)等资料,采用相关分析和合成分析等方法研究了江淮入梅异常的前兆强信号,并初步分析了其影响入梅的可能机制.结果表明,ENSO事件是影响江淮入梅早晚较强的前兆信号.前期冬春季出现ENSO暖位相时有利于入梅开始偏晚,ENSO冷位相出现时入梅往往偏早.前期冬季2月和春季Nino 4区的海温异常能较好地预测入梅早晚,具有短期气候预测的指示意义和实用性.ENSO暖位相年,亚澳"大陆桥"、菲律宾、西太平洋暖池以及印度半岛附近对流偏弱,不利于西太平洋副热带高压北跳和印度夏季风爆发,东亚地区大气环流季节转换偏晚,入梅因而偏晚;ENSO冷位相年情况则相反.     

Super resolution for astronomical observations

In order to obtain detailed information from multiple telescope observations a general blind super-resolution (SR) reconstruction approach for astronomical images is proposed in this paper. A pixel-reliability-based SR reconstruction algorithm is described and implemented, where the developed process incorporates flat field correction, automatic star searching and centering, iterative star matching, and sub-pixel image registration. Images captured by the 1-m telescope at Yunnan Observatory are used to test the proposed technique. The results of these experiments indicate that, following SR reconstruction, faint stars are more distinct, bright stars have sharper profiles, and the backgrounds have higher details; thus these results benefit from the high-precision star centering and image registration provided by the developed method. Application of the proposed approach not only provides more opportunities for new discoveries from astronomical image sequences, but will also contribute to enhancing the capabilities of most spatial or ground-based telescopes.     

天津市地震前兆台网的运行监控与维护管理

介绍天津市地震前兆台网的基本概况以及前兆台网部的职责任务;阐述仪器设备运行监控、观测数据质量监控的方式与方法;总结在仪器设备、技术系统维护过程中解决的一些关键技术问题;最后提出了关于仪器和软件系统的一些问题与建议。     

1961-2008年中国西南地区极端气候变化幅度的海拔效应(英文)

A total of 12 indices of temperature extremes and 11 indices of precipitation ex-tremes at 111 stations in southwestern China at altitudes of 285-4700 m were examined for the period 1961-2008. Significant correlations of temperature extremes and elevation in-cluded the trends of diurnal temperature range, frost days, ice days, cold night frequency and cold day frequency. Regional trends of growing season length, warm night frequency, coldest night and warmest night displayed a statistically significant positive correlation with altitude. These characteristics indicated the obvious warming with altitude. For precipitation extreme indices, only the trends of consecutive dry days, consecutive wet days, wet day precipitation and the number of heavy precipitation days had significant correlations with increasing alti-tude owing to the complex influence of atmospheric circulation. It also indicated the increased precipitation mainly at higher altitude areas, whereas the increase of extreme precipitation events mainly at lowers altitude. In addition, the clearly local influences are also crucial on climate extremes. The analysis revealed an enhanced sensitivity of climate extremes to ele-vation in southwestern China in the context of recent warming.     

Enrichment characteristics and risk assessment of Hg in bird feathers from Caohai wetland in Guizhou Province,China

Based on the analysis of the enrichment characteristics of Hg and MeHg in bird feathers from Caohai National Nature Reserve in Guizhou, the risks of Hg pollution to the birds from Caohai wetland have been evaluated. The total Hg content of bird feathers ranges from 40 to 5058 ng/g with an average of 924 ng/g. The content of MeHg is significantly correlated with total Hg (r = 0.68, p < 0.01), and the content are among 0.75 and 113 ng/g. The total Hg content in the birds feathers is significantly dependent on their feeding habits, which is mainly in accordance with the following rule: carnivorous birds > omnivorous birds that are mainly carnivorous > omnivorous birds that are mainly herbivorous. There are also differences in the Hg enrichment ability in the different parts of bird feathers, and the total Hg and MeHg content in the wing feathers are significantly higher than that in the other parts of feathers. The bioaccumulation coefficients of aqueous Hg and MeHg by bird feathers are 0.9 × 10⁴–112.13 × 10⁴ (mean value is 20.47 × 10⁴) and 0.47 × 10⁴–70.4 × 10⁴ (mean value is 9.52 × 10⁴), respectively. Although the whole Hg level in Caohai bird feathers is not too high, the Hg content in some carnivorous birds exceeds over or approaches the abnormal threshold when birds are breeding (5 μg/g), which indicates that the birds in Caohai wetland are faced with some risks of ecological Hg pollution.     

The Software Content of RSM-08 Data Acquisition and Processing System

For the purpose of in conjunction with the usage of the RSM-08 instantaneous signal processor, which was developed and made by our institute, useful software has been designed. In which the theory and methods of “digital signal analysis” have been applied. To the realized program, such as time measuring and amplitude measuring of acoustic waves, stress-strain analysis and microcomputer communication etc. , have been introduced. Also special stress has been laid on the introduction of the structure, algorithm and programming of data acquisition and processing program.     

Study of the interaction between dry granular flows and rigid barriers with an SPH model

This study uses an incompressible smoothed‐particle hydrodynamics model to investigate the interaction between dry granular material flows and rigid barriers. The primary aim is to summarise some practical guidelines for the design of debris‐resisting barriers. The granular materials are modelled as a rigid‐perfectly plastic material where the plastic flow corresponds to the critical state. The coupled continuity equation and momentum equation are solved by a semi‐implicit algorithm. Compared with flows in controlled flume experiments, the model adequately reproduces both the kinetic of the flows and the impact force under various conditions. Then the numerical simulations are used to study the detailed interaction process. It is illustrated quantitatively that the interaction force consists of two parts, ie, the earth pressure force caused by the weight of the soil and a dynamic force caused by the internal deformation (flowing mass on top of a dead zone). For the estimation of impact load, this study suggests that an increased earth pressure coefficient depending on the Froude number should be incorporated into the hydrostatic model.     

内蒙古二连盆地西南部第四纪沉积物中粘土矿物特征与古气候指示意义

通过对内蒙古二连盆地西南部第四纪地层剖面进行系统测制,结合古生物化石建立起该区第四纪以来相对完整的地层层序,并对剖面上所采集的粘土矿物样品进行Ⅹ射线衍射分析,以及根据样品中的粘土矿物成分、质量分数对本区古气候演化进行探讨。结果表明: 研究区早更新世-晚更新世中期沉积物中,大量出现高质量分数的伊蒙混层和蒙脱石,反映季节性冷暖、干湿交替的古环境气候; 而晚更新世晚期地层中,伊蒙混层显著减少,伊利石增加,且总体含量高于高岭石,表明该区气候变冷且转为干旱; 全新世地层中,高岭石、伊利石和绿泥石含量均有所增加,该时间段内化学淋滤作用仍然较弱,降雨量继续减少。总体而言,本区的古气候在第四纪经历了由干湿交替到温凉偏干的过程。与岩石地层、地貌特点组合等所反映的古气候特征及其变化较好的吻合。     

利用回剥分析重建古构造格局——以川、鄂、湘边区为例

利用回剥分析重建了川、鄂、湘边区二叠系底二叠纪末、中三叠世末、三叠纪末及中侏罗世末的古构造格局,结果表明：二叠纪末古构造形态较复杂,由NE,EW及近SN向3组构造叠加而成, 以NE,EW向构造为主;中三叠世末,其构造格局为两坳一隆一斜坡,以发育近SN向构造为主;三叠纪末,构造面埋深明显增大,主要隆起和坳陷更加醒目;中侏罗世末,总的构造格局为南高北低,构造走向近EW向。黄陵背斜是中生代开始发育的继承性古隆起,而当阳复向斜是与黄陵背斜同期形成的。晚古生代末至中生代,江南隆起开始形成并不断发育。