一种诱导模式和甘油补料优化策略提高重组大肠杆菌BL21（DE3）β-琼胶酶的产量

琼胶酶是作用于琼胶的水解酶,在食品、化妆品和制药工业中有广泛的应用。本文建立了一种基于诱导模式和甘油补料优化的高细胞密度和高产β-琼胶酶策略,同时可以较好的控制乙酸盐产量。首先,在诱导前期采用不同的比生长速率（μ）的甘油指数补料策略。结果表明,低的比生长速率（μ=0.2）是细胞生长和β-琼胶酶产生的最佳条件。其次,研究了诱导阶段诱导温度和诱导物浓度对细胞生长和β-琼胶酶产生的影响。当异丙基-β-d-硫代半乳糖苷（IPTG）诱导时,在20℃下0.8mmol/L的IPTG诱导策略对β-琼胶酶的产生效果最佳。采用1.0g/（L·h）的乳糖连续补料策略诱导培养,β-琼胶酶活性达到112.5U/mL,是目前报道的产量最高的β-琼胶酶。此外,β-琼胶酶能直接酶解龙须菜粉,产生新琼寡糖,水解产物为新琼胶四糖（NA4）和新琼胶六糖（NA6）。本文的研究为β-琼胶酶的工业化生产和应用提供了较好的理论依据。     

第四纪气候与地质环境演化及人类活动的关系的研究

研究地质环境的演化及人类活动驿气候的影响,提示环境保护的重要性和环境保护的主要途径。     

基于网络药理学与分子对接探讨六味地黄丸治疗肾阴亏虚型老年性便秘的作用机制

目的：运用网络药理学与分子对接技术探究六味地黄丸治疗肾阴亏虚型老年性便秘的作用机制。方法：通过TCMSP、TCMID、SwissTargetPrediction获取药物的活性成分并筛选,在Genecards、OMIM、TTD、DisGeNET数据库检索与该疾病相关的主要靶点;运用韦恩图获取六味地黄丸与老年性便秘的交集靶点。将以上数据通过STRING获得交集靶点的蛋白网络,构建药物-活性成分-靶点及蛋白质-蛋白质相互作用（PPI）网络图,进行基因本体（GO）功能和京都基因与基因组百科全书（KEGG）通路富集分析,并对药物有效成分和核心靶点进行分子对接验证。结果：共获得58个有效活性成分和675个对应靶点,主要有效成分有槲皮素、羟基芫花素、泽泻醇B等;药物-疾病交集靶点296个,包括丝氨酸/ 苏氨酸蛋白激酶 1 (AKT1)、肿瘤坏死因子（TNF）、白细胞介素-6（IL-6）等。GO功能富集共有3175个条目,KEGG通路富集得到215条通路,主要有癌症通路、磷脂酰肌醇3-激酶/苏氨酸蛋白激酶信号通路、癌症中的蛋白聚糖、丝裂原活化蛋白激酶信号通路等。分子对接显示该药物主要有效成分和核心靶点蛋白有较好的结合力。结论：该研究在总体上预测了六味地黄丸治疗肾阴亏虚型老年性便秘的活性成分、靶点和信号通路,表明了其多成分-多靶点-多途径的治疗特点。     

Laboratory acoustic emission study for earthquake generation process

Since the similarity in size distribution of earthquakes and acoustic emissions (AE) was found in the 1960s, many laboratory studies have been motivated by the need to provide tools for the prediction of mining failures and natural earthquakes. This paper aims, on the one hand, to draw an outline of laboratory AE studies in the last 50 years, which have addressed seismological problems. Topics include the power laws in which the similarity between AEs and earthquakes is involved and progress that has been made in AE technology and laboratory AE study. On the other hand, this study will highlight some key issues intensively discussed, especially in the last three decades, such as aspects related to the pre-failure damage evolution, fault nucleation and growth in brittle rocks and discuss factors governing these processes.     

基于压缩感知理论的缺失地震数据重构方法

压缩感知是一种新的理论,它打破常规尼奎斯特-香农采样定理的制约,利用信号的稀疏特性或可压缩特性,用较少的数据即可重构恢复完整的信号。建立了基于压缩感知理论的缺失地震数据重构模型。首先在与稀疏变换不相关的测量矩阵基础上引入一种约束矩阵,使地震数据的缺失满足或接近高斯随机分布;随机缺失的地震数据变换到稀疏域会产生很多与有效信号不相干的随机噪声,接着通过一种新的自适应阈值迭代算法可以很好地消除稀疏系数中的随机噪声干扰,经过逆稀疏变换即得到重构后的地震数据。Marmousi 2模型测试及实际地震资料处理均验证了该方法的可行性和有效性。重构缺失地震数据取得了较好的效果。     

Semi-brittle behavior of wet olivine aggregates: the role of aqueous fluid in faulting at upper mantle pressures

The role of aqueous fluid in fracturing in subducting slabs was investigated through a series of deformation experiments on dunite that was undersaturated (i.e., fluid-free) or saturated with water (i.e., aqueous-fluid bearing) at pressures of 1.0–1.8 GPa and temperatures of 670–1250 K, corresponding to the conditions of the shallower regions of the double seismic zone in slabs. In situ X-ray diffraction, radiography, and acoustic emissions (AEs) monitoring demonstrated that semi-brittle flow associated with AEs was dominant and the creep/failure strength of dunite was insensitive to the dissolved water content in olivine. In contrast, aqueous fluid drastically decreased the creep/failure strength of dunite (up to ~?1 GPa of weakening) over a wide range of temperatures in the semi-brittle regime. Weakening of the dunite by the aqueous fluid resulted in the reduction of the number of AE events (i.e., suppression of microcracking) and shortening of time to failure. The AE hypocenters were located at the margin of the deforming sample while the interior of the faulted sample was aseismic (i.e., aseismic semi-brittle flow) under water-saturated conditions. A faulting (slip rate of ~?10^?3 to 10^?4 s^?1) associated with a large drop of stress (Δσ?~?0.5 to 1 GPa) and/or pressure (ΔP?~?0.5 GPa) was dominant in fluid-free dunite, while a slow faulting (slip rate?<?8?×?10^?5 s^?1) without any stress/pressure drop was common in water-saturated dunite. Aseismic semi-brittle flow may mimic silent ductile flow under water-saturated conditions in subducting slabs.     

黄河内蒙段河道冲淤量与水沙输移过程的关系分析

根据1952～2003年黄河内蒙古河段实测断面资料分析,天然状态下该河段均处在淤积状态,青铜峡、三盛公水库建成运行初期水库蓄混排清,不同的水沙组合使河道有冲有淤,青铜峡水库蓄满失去蓄混排清功能后,河道又长期处在淤积状态。河道冲淤量与来水量、来沙量的线性组合高度相关,表明该河段冲淤量与河道的水沙组合有直接的因果关系,由此建立了计算河道冲淤量的数学模型。来沙系数是判断河道冲淤变化的关键指标,实测资料分析表明:来沙系数小于或等于0.005时河道发生冲刷,来沙系数在0.005～0.009之间时河道有冲有淤,来沙系数大于0.009时河道发生淤积,来沙系数大于0.015时淤积量趋于稳定,且以1.0为渐近线。     

Fluid origin and structural enhancement during mineralization of the Jinshan orogenic gold deposit, South China

The Jinshan orogenic gold deposit is a world-class deposit hosted by a ductile shear zone caused by a transpressional terrane collision during Neoproterozoic time. Ore bodies at the deposit include laminated quartz veins and disseminated pyrite-bearing mylonite. Most quartz veins in the shear zone, with and without gold mineralization, were boudinaged during progressive shear deformation with three generations of boudinage structures produced at different stages of progressive deformation. Observations of ore-controlling structures at various scales indicate syn-deformational mineralization. Fluid inclusions from pyrite intergrown with auriferous quartz have ³He/⁴He ratios of 0.15–0.24 Ra and ⁴⁰Ar/³⁶Ar ratios 575–3,060. δ¹⁸O_fluid values calculated from quartz are 5.5–8.4‰, and δD values of fluid inclusions contained in quartz range between −61‰ and −75‰. The δ¹³C values of ankerite range from −5.0‰ to −4.2‰, and ankerite δ¹⁸O values from 4.4‰ to 8.0‰. The noble gas and stable isotope data suggest a predominant crustal source of ore fluids with less than 5% mantle component. Data also show that in situ fluids were generated locally by pervasive pressure solution, and that widespread dissolution seams acted as pathways of fluid flow, migration, and precipitation. The in situ fluids and fluids derived from deeper levels of the crust were focused by deformation and deformation structures at various scales through solution-dissolution creep, crack-seal slip, and cyclic fault-valve mechanisms during progressively localized deformation and gold mineralization.     

西昆仑—帕米尔造山带及其北缘前陆盆地板内变形构造

笔者总结了西昆仑—帕米尔造山带及塔西南前陆盆地板内变形的各类构造模式、构造分带、新生代变形格局及构造演化,提出其新生代板内变形具有弧形构造分段性和阶段性演化的特点,发现了依格孜牙、柯克亚、桑株—杜瓦、卡兹克—阿尔特薄皮弧形推覆构造、齐姆根主弧形构造段及玉力群—克里阳构造段的三角带构造及叶尔羌—棋盘对冲过渡型弧形构造。认为对冲过渡型弧形构造及各弧形构造分段间的斜冲走滑带是塔西南前陆盆地板内变形的特殊产物。     

Assessment of macrobenthic community function and ecological quality after reclamation in the Changjiang (Yangtze) River Estuary wetland

An ecological optimization project (semi-closed reclamation project) was implemented to control the invasion of Spartina alterniflora, and optimize the habitat of the Chongming Dongtan wetland, in the Changjiang (Yangtze) River Estuary. After project implementation, a macrobenthic ecological survey was conducted in a natural tidal flat and a semi-closed reclamation restoration area within the Chongming Dongtan wetland from 2019 to 2020. Compared with historical data before reclamation, findings showed that the groups, numbers, and species diversity of the macrobenthos increased significantly, and the ecological optimization project resulted in good ecological benefits. In addition, compared to the natural tidal flat, the number of collected macrobenthic phyla, and the macrobenthic density and biomass were significantly lower in the restoration area. Furthermore, the biodiversity index and functional redundancy of natural tidal flats were generally higher, indicating that the community composition and function of natural tidal flats were relatively more stable. Even though the species composition differed between a number of restoration areas and natural tidal flats, there was no difference in functional diversity, indicating that the effect of restoring ecological functions in restoration areas was optimal. Among them, the biodiversity and functional redundancy of Site S2 were significantly reduced, and the ecosystem function was extremely unstable. Habitat heterogeneity, vegetation community and decreasing salinity were the main factors that affected the ecological functions of macrobenthos. The ecological quality was also evaluated; the Transects N3 and N4 showed good quality. The overall ecological quality of the restoration area was generally high, but that of Site S2 was poor and that of Site S2E was merely good, which was mainly due to modifications of the ecological function of macrobenthos. It is suggested that reeds mowing and freshwater species release should be adopted in restoration areas to improve the community function and the environmental disturbance resistance of the macrobenthos.