Multilevel Optimal Design of Prestressed Lightweight Concrete-Steel Platform Structures

The concrete-steel platform structure is rather complicated because it involves such materials as concrete, reinforcing bars, steel, and so on. K the traditional dimension optimization method is employed, the optimal design of the platform will meet many handicaps, even it cannot be implemented at all. The multilevel optimal design approach is an efficient tool for the solution of large-scale engineering structures. In this paper, this approach is applied to the optimal design of a concrete-steel platform, which is formulated as a system level optimal design problem and a set of uncoupled substructure level optimal design problems. The process of optimization is a process of iteration between system level and substructure level until the objective function converges. An illustrative example indicates that this method is effective in the optimal design of concrete-steel platforms.     

Soil water dynamics and water balance on a tropical coral island

Understanding soil water dynamics and the water balance of tropical coral islands is important for the utilization and management of their limited freshwater resources, which is only from rainfall. However, there is a significant knowledge gap in the influence of soil water on the water cycle of coral islands. Soil water dynamics and the water balance of Zhaoshu Island, Xisha Archipelago were thus investigated using soil moisture measurements and the Hydrus-1D model from October 2018 to September 2019. Over the study period, vegetation transpiration, soil evaporation, groundwater recharge and storage in the vadose zone were approximately 196, 330, 365 and 20 mm, occupying 22%, 36%, 40% and 2% of annual rainfall total (911 mm), respectively. For the wet season (from May to October) these values became 75, 202, 455 and 40 mm, occupying 10%, 26% and 59% and 5% of the seasonal rainfall total (772 mm), respectively. During the dry season (from November to April), a dry soil layer between 40 and 120 cm depth of the soil profile was identified that prevented water exchange between the upper soil layers and the groundwater resulting in the development of deep roots so that vegetation could extract groundwater to supplement their water requirements. Vegetation not only consumes all dry season rainfall (140 mm) but extracts water deeply from groundwater (90 mm) as well as from the vadose layer (20 mm). As such, the vegetation appears to be groundwater-dependent ecosystems. The research results aid us to better understand the process of water dynamics on coral islands and to protect coral island ecosystems.     

塔中隆起走滑断裂分层变形机制研究的物理模拟实验

塔中隆起位于塔里木盆地中央隆起带中部,是塔里木盆地油气勘探的重点区块之一。塔中地区奥陶系碳酸盐岩走滑断裂发育,控储控藏作用明显,走滑断裂成因机制的研究对于油气勘探开发十分重要。塔里木盆地塔中隆起走滑断裂具有典型的分层变形特点,为了明确塔中隆起走滑断裂分层变形机制的主控因素设计了4组物理模拟实验模型。实验结果表明:走滑断裂分层变形特征的形成主要与垂向上地层性质变化(分层)和多期活动(分期)有关,分层与分期都能造成走滑断裂产生分层变形的特征,塔中走滑断裂分层差异变形特征,是由垂向上地层岩性差异性和构造活动多期性共同造成的。     

中亚造山带岩浆铜镍硫化物矿床深部找矿：以红旗岭铜镍矿床为例

为了对中亚造山成矿带东段南缘红旗岭岩浆型铜镍硫化物矿床深部（500～1 000 m）隐伏矿体进行成矿预测,采用高精度重力和2.5维人机交互式反演方法,对含矿性较好的镁铁质—超镁铁质岩体（如#1、#3及新#3岩体）进行底部含矿性研究。结果表明：高精度重力异常开展不同高度上延并结合垂向一阶导数等数据处理,可有效地厘定深部隐伏岩体空间展布;2.5维人机交互式反演方法可以识别深部微弱的矿致异常,推测研究区#3岩体埋深700～1 100 m存在5个脉状盲矿体。经钻探验证,成功发现32 259 t]镍矿（矿石平均品位达0.36%）,其中②号矿体为最厚矿体,见矿深度为700～1 100 m,镍矿平均品位为0.39%,储量达27 433 t。     

Key techniques for the emergency disposal of Quake lakes

The Wenchuan Earthquake of May 12, 2008 formed a large number of Quake lakes; 104 of them had a dam taller than 10 m, a water storage capacity larger than 1.0 × 10⁵ m³, and a catchment area greater than 20 km². If these Quake lakes are not thoroughly assessed and properly disposed, the losses caused by the burst of these lakes may be even larger than those caused by this earthquake itself. The Quake lakes with high risks have been properly disposed with the schemes proposed by the authors. This article presents a case study on the emergency disposal of the Tangjiashan, Laohuzui, Jiadanwan, and other Quake lakes. The key techniques applied in the emergency disposal of Quake lakes, including site exploration, risk assessment, design of discharge chutes, selection of construction method and equipment as well as post-emergency disposal evaluation, are discussed.     

华北地区应力状态与地震关系的研究

通过对华北地区6个应力台站实测资料的分析处理,并结合近几年华北地区发生的四个5级以上地震,从总体应力场角度对华北地区的相对应力与地震的关系进行了研究讨论。发现华北地区5级以上中强震与各单点应力状态的变化无明显关系,而对于整个区域的平均应力状态的变化却密切相关,这种关系不但表现在水平空间各方向正应力的变化,而且表现为正东西方向和正南北方向的剪切应力变化,二者对华北强震的发生起着主导作用。     

鄂尔多斯盆地延安地区马五段上组合细粒白云岩储层特征及有利储层控制因素

针对鄂尔多斯盆地延安地区马五段上组合（马五4至马五1亚段） 细粒致密白云岩储层天然气勘探取得新突破，展开对 低孔低渗白云岩储层特征及孔隙的成因研究。通过岩心观察、薄片分析及阴极发光等测试，结合岩石物性分析，明确了细 粒白云岩储层的储渗特征、有利储层的演化过程及控制因素。结合地球化学及地球物理数据分析认为，研究区马五段上组 合储层岩性主要包括含膏模白云岩、细晶白云岩和岩溶角砾岩等，储集空间以膏模溶孔、晶间（溶） 孔、非选择性角砾间 溶蚀孔洞为主，局部裂缝发育，属低孔低渗孔隙型储集层；位于高古地势、经多期岩溶（准同生期、表生期和埋藏期岩 溶） 叠加改造的膏晶模云坪是研究区细粒白云岩有利储层的主要分布区。     

隧道工程GPS控制网的基准设计与数据处理

在布设隧道工程GPS控制网过程中，根据工程具体要求，需对工程GPS控制网进行基准设计，有的工程要求边长投影到测区平均高程面上，应对起算数据进行处理。有的工程要求采用一点一方位为控制网起算，以保证GPS网内符合精度不受损失。     

地震地电阻率交流观测方法及观测实验

介绍地震地电阻率交流观测的原理及方法、观测系统的要求及主要技术指标,并在受地铁干扰严重的江宁台进行实验观测。初步观测结果表明,该系统观测结果与直流观测结果相当,能满足台站实际观测需求,同时达到抗干扰目的。证明采用交流供电方法进行地电阻率观测,能够在较强干扰背景下获取较高的信噪比,很好地抑制城市地铁、轻轨以及其他因素引起的电磁干扰。
     

海上中距离跨海高程传递方法比较

远离岸线的中距离(30~50 km)海域缺少测绘基础资料,高程传递尚未形成相应的作业体系。为满足海上工程建设的精度要求,采用同步验潮平均海面传递法、GNSS/水准传递法以及DTU18全球平均海面模型传递法,在山东省半封闭海域与开阔海域进行了中距离海上高程传递实验。实验结果表明,15天同步验潮平均海面传递法与GNSS/水准法的精度相当(厘米级),与DTU18全球平均海面模型传递法进行直接传递的差异在15 cm内,可为不同测绘基础条件下海上风电高程基准传递提供作业参考。