利用折射指数推算大气纬圈平均风场方法

鉴于地转风、梯度风和平衡风各自计算风场的特点,该文利用COSMIC掩星折射指数资料,根据大气折射指数与大气密度、风场之间的关系,选用梯度风方程,建立了推算20~60 km中层大气纬圈平均风场的方法,分别与ECMWF提供的ERA-interim及NASA/GMAO提供的MERRA再分析风场资料对比验证。选用2007年1,4,7月和10月的COSMIC掩星折射指数数据,按照构建的方法计算了大气纬圈平均风场,并简单分析了大气纬圈平均纬向风随纬度、高度的变化特征及规律。计算风场与ECMWF及MERRA再分析风场资料变化规律基本一致,符合效果很好, 能够正确反映出纬向平均风场特性。1月及7月不同高度标准偏差、最大偏差随高度增加而增大,标准偏差最大约为6 m/s,最大偏差不超过11 m/s,沿纬度方向相关系数有减小的趋势,但不低于0.98,4月及10月偏差稍小,最大偏差不超过8 m/s。结果表明:利用COSMIC掩星折射指数资料通过梯度风方程计算风场,是获取中层大气20~60 km纬圈平均风场的一种有效方法。     

一次区域性大暴雨过程中尺度诊断分析

利用实况降水、FY-2C资料、实时探空、NECP/NCAR再分析资料对2009年8月2—5日川渝地区大暴雨过程主要环流系统、水汽输送特征,以及湿位涡和垂直螺旋度演变特征进行了诊断分析。结果表明：此次强降水环流背景是高空槽东移,耦合了＂天鹅＂台风动力阻塞维持在川渝地区的西南低涡,南侵的冷空气和西南急流输送的暖湿气流交汇,形成明显的气旋性辐合,导致不断有中小尺度对流系统的生成、发展,且降水过程中一直维持较好的水汽输送条件;湿位涡对本次降水落区有较好的指示意义,由于强降水湿位涡负值中心上空的大尺度下沉气流、强上升气流的倾斜程度和最大锋生强迫区的位置和强度,强降水落区（重庆西部）位于负值中心（四川盆地）暖气流一侧;垂直螺旋度发展演变与暴雨有着密切的关系,当螺旋度等值线密集（稀疏）时,强降水发生（减弱或结束）,且暴雨发生时,总是伴随着高（低）空正（负）垂直螺旋度的耦合发生。     

Precipitation change and human impacts on hydrologic variables in Zhengshui River Basin, China

Climate change and anthropogenic impacts on hydrologic variables have received significant attention in recent years. We assessed stream flow and water level in the Zhengshui River basin, China, in the period 1960 to 2003 in response to precipitation variation and anthropogenic factors. Analyses of daily discharge and water level records, and derived annual, seasonal and monthly series, showed that Zhengshui River flows had a significant increasing trend, with an abrupt change point in 1990. There was a significant decreasing water level trend with an abrupt change point in 1995. Human activities and precipitation contributed 53 and 47%, respectively, to increase in stream flow during 1991–2003. Anthropogenic activities such as sand dredging, dominated the decrease in water level during 1994–2003. Human-induced land use change, soil erosion and sand excavation driven by rapid economic development have played a more important role than precipitation variation in hydrological changes in the Zhengshui River basin over the past 50 years.     

Chemical characterization of naturally weathered oil residues in the sediment from Yellow River Delta, China

With its close proximity to Shengli Oilfield, China’s second largest oilfield, the Yellow River Delta is at high risk for crude oil contamination. The massive oil discharge in oilfield may offer a chance for a natural experiment to investigate compositional changes of oil residues and study the stability of source- and weathering-dependent molecular parameters in oil residues after spills. The results demonstrate that the conventional diagnostic ratios, such as C₂₉20S/(20S + 20R), C₂₉/C₃₀H, C₃₀βα/αβ, C₃₁22S/(22S + 22R), C₂-DBTs/C₂-PHENs, C₃-DBTs/C₃-PHENs, DBT/MCHRY, CHRY/PHENs, are also valid for oil source identification even after extensive weathering of spilled oils in terrestrial environment, although some exceptions were encountered for extensively weathered sample. Moreover, the ratios of selected specific biomarkers (the oleanane index, the gammacerane index) have been developed and assessed as source indicators. Finally, we find that some maturity parameters based on alkyl naphthalenes and methyl phenanthrenes in petroleum geochemistry, such as the methylnaphthalene ratios (TMNr, TeMNr, PMNr), the methylphenanthrene ratios (MPI-1, MPDF), can be applied for the source identification and correlation at their lightly to moderately weathered stage.     

HHT方法在受城市轨道交通干扰地电场观测数据中的应用

较为详细地介绍了希尔伯特-黄变换方法,并将该方法中的经验模态分解功能和边际谱功能应用于受城市轨道交通干扰较大的北京市通州区西集镇地电场台站的观测资料中,对城市轨道交通在地电场观测中的影响进行了分析研究.结果表明,在地电场观测台站受到轨道交通干扰时,布极方位与轨道方向一致的测道所记录的数据受到的影响最大;利用经验模态分解...     

断层构造对地震地电阻率异常的影响

分析了典型震例,研究了断层构造对地电阻率异常空间分布的影响;应用弹-塑性二维有限元方法,模拟汁算了含断层的地质体中介质应变的空间不均匀分布.换算为视电阻率变化,解释了震前地电阻率异常空间不均匀分布的现象.研究表明,震源区周围地电阻率中期,短临异常空间不均匀分布的根本原因足断层构造以及不同震源机制引起的地下介质变形的不均...     

北武夷篁碧矿区逆冲推覆构造及其与钼、铅-锌成矿作用关系

北武夷篁碧矿区出露走向北北东、倾向北西西的逆冲推覆构造。野外观察表明,推覆构造在形成过程中一方面错断了先期形成的辉钼矿（体）,另一方面其派生的北西西向张裂隙又控制了晚期铅锌矿体的分布。结合辉钼矿Re-Os同位素年龄（154Ma）、赋矿火山岩的SHRIMP锆石U-Pb年龄（138Ma,131Ma）和主要推覆构造断裂带中钾...     

豫西义马地区中—晚三叠世古地震引起的欠沉积物变形构造

豫西义马地区中-上三叠统发现大量软沉积物变形构造,包括柱状构造、枕状构造、负载构造和卷曲层理构造,它们大多保存在河流沉积的上部及湖泊三角洲沉积中.通过形态学、遗迹学及镜下薄片分析表明,这些软沉积物变形与沉积物液化有关,其中河-湖相快速沉积为沉积物液化创造了条件,古地震活动是它们形成的主要触发因素.对比该地区中三叠统油房...     

Soil heavy-metal speciation and wheat phytotoxicity in the vicinity of an abandoned lead–zinc mine in Shangyu City,eastern China

Sixteen soil samples were collected from the vicinity of an abandoned lead–zinc mine in Shangyu City, eastern China, and the heavy-metal speciation and wheat phytotoxicity in the soils were studied. The results showed that the concentrations of free Cu²⁺, Zn²⁺, Cd²⁺ and Pb²⁺ were highly variable and ranged from <0.01 to 0.32, 0.06 to 10.62, <0.01 to 1.40 and 0.02 to 37.10 μmol l⁻¹, respectively. The concentrations of soluble Cu, Zn, Cd and Pb ranged from 0.38 to 3.24, 0.72 to 78.74, <0.01 to 1.95 and 0.15 to 639.34 μmol l⁻¹, respectively. The general trend of mean solid/liquid partition coefficient and percentage of free metal ion to total soluble metal concentration were Cu > Pb > Zn > Cd and Cd > Zn > Cu > Pb, respectively. Stepwise multiple linear regression with pH, log(total metal) and log(organic matter) showed that log(total metal) was an important factor that controlled log(free metal ion) and log(soluble metal). Of the variability in log(free Cu²⁺), log(free Cd²⁺) and log(free Pb²⁺), 55.2, 58.6 and 64.3% could be explained by log(total Cu), log(total Cd) and log(total Pb) alone, respectively. Of the variability in log(soluble Cu) and log(soluble Cd), 77.1 and 72.5% could be explained by log(total Cu) and log(total Cd) alone, respectively. Wheat root length was controlled by the various metals with different free and soluble concentrations, and 99.2% of the variability in root length could be explained by concentrations of free and soluble Pb, soluble Cu and total Zn in the soils.     

Numerical simulation of viscous cavitating flow around a ship propeller

In the present study, cavitation and a ship propeller wake are reported by computed fluid dynamics based on viscous multiphase flow theory. Some recent validation results with a hybrid grid based on unsteady Navier-Stokes (N-S) and bubble dynamics equations are presented to predict velocity, pressure and vapor volume fraction in propeller wake in a uniform inflow. Numerical predictions of sheet cavitation, tip vortex cavitation and hub vortex cavitation are in agreement with the experimental data, same as numerical predictions of longitudinal and transversal evolution of the axial velocity. Blade and shaft rate frequency of propeller is well predicted by the computed results of pressure, and tip vortex is the most important to generate the pressure field within the near wake. The overall results indicate that the present approach is reliable for prediction of cavitation and propeller wake on the condition of uniform inflow.