国际地理联合会区域会议在智利圣地亚哥召开(英文)

The IGU Regional Conference (UGI 2011) was held on November 14-18, 2011 in Santiago, Chile. It was organized by the Military Geographic Institute (IGM). Nearly 1000 geographers across the world participated in this event. The Geographical Society of China (GSC) sent a delegation consisting of more than 40 members to attend the conference.     

Comprehensive tests on rising height of capillary water for coarse grained soil

According to the comprehensive tests on the rising height of capillary water for seven kinds of different coarse grained soil by use of the method of standpipe,the relationship between the rising height of capillary water and time was obtained,and the influencing factors and rules were analyzed.The data of the steady rising height of capillary water were obtained,and the regression equation of coarse grained soil on steady height and physical indexes(effective grain d 10 and porosity n) was found.Compared with Hazen’s and other expressions that could estimate the steady height of capillary water of coarse grained soil,the proposed method is satisfactory and the defects of the latter were pointed out.     

铁磁形状记忆合金研究进展与展望（Ⅱ）：本构模型

阐述了铁磁形状记忆合金（Ferromagnetic Shape Memory Alloy,简写为FSMA）本构模型研究的重要性。以时间为顺序,重点介绍了FSMA本构模型研究的发展历程和研究现状。仔细分析了各种FSMA本构模型在理论基础、适用范围、精度以及复杂程度等方面的特点,讨论了各种理论应用于FSMA本构模型的局限性,指出了它们在面向应用时存在的问题。研究表明,由于FSMA兼具磁致形状记忆效应、热弹性形状记忆效应等多种独特性能,使对其本构模型的研究存在一定困难,进一步的研究还有待开展。最后指出,对既能揭示FSMA微观机理又能预测其宏观热磁力学行为的本构模型、描述FSMA所有特性的统一模型、面向应用的FSMA简化本构模型等问题,尚有待深入研究。     

中国冰川系统对气候变化响应的敏感性分析

Data of 44 glacier systems in China used in this paper were obtained from Chinese Glacier Inventories and the meteorological data were got from Meteorological Atlas of Plateau of west China. Based on the statistical analysis and functional model simulation results of the 44 glacier systems in China, the glacier systems were divided into extremely-sensitive glacier system, semi-sensitive glacier system, extremely-steady glacier system and semi-steady glacier system in terms of glacier system＇s level of water-energy exchange, rising gradient of the equilibrium line altitudes and retreating rate of area to climate warming, their median size and vertical span distribution, and their runoff characteristics to climate warming. Furthermore the functional model of glacier system to climate warming was applied in this paper to predict the average variation trends of the 4 types of glacier systems, which indicate that different sensitivity types of glacier systems respond to the climate warming differently.     

第31届国际地理大会在突尼斯举行

The 31 st International Geographical Congress （IGC） was held on August 12-15 in Tunis, the Republic of Tunisia. It enjoyed the support of the Ministry of Higher Education, Scientific Research and Technology of Tunisia, and was backed by various other ministerial departments and academic and research institutions in Tunisia. More than 1000 geographers across the world participated in the IGC. The Geographical Society of China （GSC） attended the conference with a 60-odd-number delegation from Chinese mainland.     

新时期吉林省参与图们江区域合作研究

吉林省参与图们江地区合作正面临着新一轮全球产业分工体系的调整、区域经济合作进程的加速、东北老工业基地振兴的深入、“长吉图”开放带动先导区的提出等新的发展背景。因此,必须重新审视吉林省与图们江地区的产业分工与合作,并对其进行重新的功能定位,提出新时期的重点发展战略,以进一步推动吉林省全面参与图们江地区的经济合作。     

一种砂砾岩介质岩心表征的新方法

针对纵向非均质性严重的砂砾岩油藏,基于典型的分层砂砾岩图像,在不同层位选取代表性的岩心薄片分别构建相应的三维数字岩心,采用合并法构建砂砾岩数字岩心,并提取相应的孔隙网络模型,采用常规法构建相应的砂砾岩孔隙网络模型,对常规法和合并法得到的孔隙网络模型结构特征和渗透率特征进行对比分析。分析结果表明,合并法构建的砂砾岩孔隙网络模型能够描述其孔隙结构特征,且能有效地描述出砂岩介质在横向和纵向渗透率的差异特征,可为砂砾岩油藏岩心的精确表征及渗流机制的分析提供一套有效地研究思路。     

基于功效系数法的泥石流灾害预警研究

泥石流灾害破坏力巨大,预测预报泥石流发生的可能性是防灾减灾的重要手段,也是国内外学者研究的热点。基于功效系数法原理,在综合分析泥石流灾害发生的气象、地质环境影响因素的基础上,选取了山坡坡度、相对高差、植被覆盖率、沿沟松散物储量、5 d累计降雨量、最大小时雨强和当日雨量为评价因子,采用改进后的层次分析法计算评价因子的权重系数,建立了泥石流预测预警模型。以岫岩地区泥石流为例对预警模型进行检验,预测结果较好地反映了实际情况。表明基于功效系数法的泥石流预测预警模型具备较高的可靠性和实用性,研究结果为泥石流预测预警提供了一种新的思路和方法。     

湖南道县铁锰矿区岩溶发育影响因素分析

湖南道县铁锰矿区岩溶发育主要受地层岩性、地形地貌、断裂构造等因素的控制,岩溶形态主要有溶洞、暗河、溶沟、溶槽、漏斗、落水洞和溶蚀洼地等,岩溶非均一性特征明显。在地层岩性上,以矿区CaO含量最高的上泥盆统佘田桥组和锡矿山组下段二至四层白云质灰岩、白云岩与锡矿山组下段第一层泥灰岩、泥质灰岩隔水层交界部位岩溶最为发育,佘田桥组见溶洞260个,占总溶洞数的96.7%。在平面上,岩溶以中部及北部地势平坦的覆盖岩溶区最为发育,见洞率54.8%,其次是岩石裸露的东部及南部低山丘陵区,矿区南部见洞率40.4%。在垂向上,由浅及深岩溶发育由强至弱,标高0~220m钻孔揭露溶洞237个,占溶洞总数的86.5%,-150~0m揭露溶洞28个,占溶洞总数的10.2%,-400m以下无溶洞及溶蚀现象。在地质构造上,断裂及其影响带岩溶较发育,断裂带见溶洞209个,占总见洞数的76.3%,且溶洞充填率较高。      

基于极限分析法的边坡临界高度及稳定性研究

基于塑性极限分析理论,优化了受到地震力作用的均质土坡在破坏面为对数螺旋面形式时的临界坡高计算模型,并在此基础上,引进强度折减假定,推导了地震作用下边坡的对数螺线破坏形式的安全系数计算公式。该计算模型不仅能考虑地震力的作用,而且能考虑不同安全系数要求对临界高度的影响。通过两个算例将文中提出的模型与传统极限平衡法对比,文中方法计算安全系数较瑞典条分法大,与简化Bishop法计算所得结果非常接近。该方法可对均质边坡临界高度及稳定性分析研究提供有益的指导和参考。