文安5.1级地震的一些异常特征

对文安5.1级地震的一些异常进行了分析和总结,认为地震逆时针方向迁移可能是地震空间活动的一个基本特征,其可作为背景异常。震前,地磁交汇法出现的异常,再次显示出该方法对地点预测的最大优势,交汇点附近即是未来震中区。这些异常特征对我们认识地震和预测地震都具有一定意义。     

Study on inelastic displacement ratio spectra for near-fault pulse-type ground motions

In displacement-based seismic design, inelastic displacement ratio spectra (IDRS) are particularly useful for estimating the maximum lateral inelastic displacement demand of a nonlinear SDOF system from the maximum elastic displacement demand of its counterpart linear elastic SDOF system. In this study, the characteristics of IDRS for near-fault pulse-type ground motions are investigated based on a great number of earthquake ground motions. The in? uence of site conditions, ratio of peak ground velocity (PGV) to peak ground acceleration (PGA), the PGV, and the maximum incremental velocity (MIV) on IDRS are also evaluated. The results indicate that the effect of near-fault ground motions on IDRS are signifi cant only at periods between 0.2 s - 1.5 s, where the amplifi cation can approach 20%. The PGV/PGA ratio has the most signifi cant in? uence on IDRS among the parameters considered. It is also found that site conditions only slightly affect the IDRS.     

Seismic identification of channel sandbodies in the Fuyang oil layer in North Songliao Basin, China

The Fuyang oil-layer in North Songliao Basin is characterized by thin interbedded sands and shales, strong lateral variation, strong reservoir heterogeniety, and so on. The thickness of individual sand layers is generally 3 - 5 m. Identifying the channel sand-bodies of the Fuyang oil layer using seismic techniques is very difficult due to the low seismic resolution. Taking the GTZ area as an example, we discuss the genetic characteristics of the channel sand-bodies and point out the real difficulty in using seismic techniques to predict the channel sand-bodies. Two methods for the identification of channels are presented： frequency spectrum imaging and pre-stack azimuthal anisotropy. Identifying the channel sand-bodies in Fuyu oil-layer using the two seismic methods results in a success rate up to 80% compared with well data.     

赵九章先生对推进我国地震科学事业的贡献

赵九章先生是一位开拓性的科学家,眼光看得远,只要国家需要就干。他的领导艺术和组织才能也是众所周知的。1950年4月6日,中国科学院建立地球物理研究所,任命赵九章为所长,下属气象、地磁、地震和物探4个组。在赵九章所长领导下,4个组都得到了重大发展,以致分别发展为大气物理、     

天津泰达城区发展问题初探

对泰达城区发展的定位问题进行了论述,认为泰达城区发展应该坚持与塘沽和滨海新区的区域规划相配合,将塘沽和泰达作为一个城市系统来规划,在城市新兴功能方面可以进行高起点、高品质的建设等,以增加泰达城区的吸引力     

麦田蒸腾需水量的计算模式

本文依据Ｐｅｎｍａｎ－Ｍｏｎｔｅｉｔｈ方法对小麦田田间蒸腾需水量计算方法进行了探讨，得出了一个改进的小麦蒸腾需水量计算模式，对模式中某些参数作了修订；并用中国科学院禹城综合试验站的观测资料对模式进行了计算，结果表明，采用本模式计算充分湿润麦田的蒸腾需水量效果良好     

1975-2015年鄂尔多斯市沙漠化的时空演变过程

鄂尔多斯市地处温带草原向荒漠草原过渡的半干旱区,是中国沙漠化问题较为严重的区域之一,其土地沙漠化发展和逆转过程及影响因素在北方农牧交错带具有代表性。以7期Landsat卫星遥感数据为信息源提取沙漠化土地类型及程度的时空格局信息,分析了该地区自1975年以来的土地沙漠化过程,并结合气象及社会经济数据采用主成分分析法对驱动因子进行定量分析。结果表明：在脆弱生态环境背景下,鄂尔多斯市土地沙漠化受人口数量增加、过垦及过牧等人为因素的严重影响。不同时段土地沙漠化发展的方向与驱动力都有所不同,1975-2000年是土地沙漠化的急剧发展期,驱动力以人为因素为主导,自然因素为基础;2000-2015年是土地沙漠化的逆转期,驱动力以自然因素为主,人为因素为辅。     

Surface-deformation monitoring in the permafrost regions over the Tibetan Plateau,using Sentinel-1 data

Differential Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar(D-In SAR) has been widely used to measure surface deformation over the Tibetan Plateau. However, the accuracy and applicability of the D-In SAR method are not well estimated due to the lack of in-situ validation. In this paper, we mapped the seasonal and long-term displacement of Tanggula(TGL) and Liangdaohe(LDH) permafrost regions with a stack of Sentinel-1 acquisitions using the Small Baseline Subset In SAR(SBAS-In SAR) method. In the TGL region, with its dry soils and sparse vegetation, the In SAR-derived surface-deformation trend was consistent with ground-based leveling results; long-term changes of the active layer showed a settlement rate of around 1 to 3 mm/a due to the melting of ground ice, indicating a degrading permafrost in this area. Around half of the deformation was picked up on monitoring, in contrast with in-situ measurements in LDH, implying that the D-In SAR method remarkably underestimated the surface-deformation. This phenomenon may be induced by the large soil-water content, high vegetation coverage, or a combination of these two factors in this region. This study demonstrates that surface deformation could be mapped accurately for a specific region with Sentinel-1 C-band data, such as in the TGL region.Moreover, although the D-In SAR technology provides an efficient solution for broad surface-deformation monitoring in permafrost regions, it shows a poor performance in the region with high soil-water content and dense vegetation coverage.     

连作马铃薯根系分泌物鉴定及其对尖孢镰孢菌(Fusarium oxysporum)的作用

为了揭示马铃薯连作化感物质与枯萎病之间的关系,通过水培和田间长期定位试验相结合方法,收集不同连作年限马铃薯根系分泌物,采用GC-TOF-MS进行分离鉴定.结果表明:在检测到的马铃薯根系分泌的48种物质中有机酸占30种.比较轮作、连作5年和连作10年马铃薯根系分泌物中有机酸的相对含量,发现苹果酸和棕榈酸的差异比较大.马铃...     

Investigation on semi-direct and indirect climate effects of fossil fuel black carbon aerosol over China

A Regional Climate Chemistry Modeling System that employed empirical parameterizations of aerosol-cloud microphysics was applied to investigate the spatial distribution, radiative forcing (RF), and climate effects of black carbon (BC) over China. Results showed high levels of BC in Southwest, Central, and East China, with maximum surface concentrations, column burden, and optical depth (AOD) up to 14 μg?m^?3, 8 mg?m^?2, and 0.11, respectively. Black carbon was found to result in a positive RF at the top of the atmosphere (TOA) due to its direct effect while a negative RF due to its indirect effect. The regional-averaged direct and indirect RF of BC in China was about +0.81 and ?0.95 W?m^?2, respectively, leading to a net RF of ?0.15 W?m^?2 at the TOA. The BC indirect RF was larger than its direct RF in South China. Due to BC absorption of solar radiation, cloudiness was decreased by 1.33 %, further resulting in an increase of solar radiation and subsequently a surface warming over most parts of China, which was opposite to BC’s indirect effect. Further, the net effect of BC might cause a decrease of precipitation of ?7.39 % over China. Investigations also suggested large uncertainties and non-linearity in BC’s indirect effect on regional climate. Results suggested that: (a) changes in cloud cover might be more affected by BC’s direct effect, while changes in surface air temperature and precipitation might be influenced by BC’s indirect effect; and (b) BC second indirect effect might have more influence on cloud cover and water content compared to first indirect effect. This study highlighted a substantial role of BC on regional climate changes.